TU-143: tarihin halitta. Description na yi

Da bukatar m bayan maƙiyi Lines a cikin tsakiyar hamsin hamsin, a lokacin farkon na adawa tsakanin Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet a rinjaye matsayi a duniya, ya gano muhimmancin unmanned jirgin sama. Yanzu nasu manned kayan aiki ne a sabis tare da kasashe da dama na duniya da kuma adadin mutanen da girma. Amma 'yan mutane san cewa mahaifar "smart" da jirgin sama, wanda ake amfani da har yanzu, ya Tarayyar Soviet, samar da fice bincike motocin matsayin TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

M amfani da unmanned motocin a cikin nau'i na balloons ya sadar da bama-bamai Austria sojojin kewaye a Venice aka kwanan rana 1849 shekara. Rabin karni, Nikola Tesla tsara da kuma aiwatar a aikace, a rediyo-sarrafawa jirgin ruwan. Kuma a cikin 1910, sojojin Amirka injiniya Charles Kettering aka gina da kuma gwada da dama lokutta na unmanned m motocin (UAVs), amma m aikace-aikace da suke yi ba su samu.

A thirties aka alama ta ci gaba da kai-gudanar fasahar reusable a Birtaniya. A layi daya tare da wannan sabuwar dabara, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet zanen Nikitin halitta torpedo-glider kuma ko da tsara wani torpedo da kewayon 100 km, amma har yanzu ya kasance a kan takarda. A 1940, Jamus da masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da cruise makami mai linzami, da farko yi amfani da fama, da kuma jet engine.

Sai da bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya fara da makamai tseren a filin wasa na unmanned tsakanin kasashen na Warsaw yarjejeniya da kungiyar tsaro ta NATO, saboda wanda akwai har yanzu ana amfani UAVs, ciki har da "Flight" TU-143.

Gada UAV "Flight"

A 1956,} asashen na Organization of cikin Warsaw yarjejeniya kawance dakarunta suka shiga Hungary zuwa kashe anti-kwaminisanci ideas. A daidai wannan lokacin kirar Tupolev halitta ta kunshi jami'an horaswa "K", wanda aiki ne wajen samar da kayayyakin "C". A shekara daga baya, kwamitin ministoci na Tarayyar Soviet a kan jirgin sama da zance sakon waya ya sauka classified a matsayin "Confidential", a shiri na jirgin gwajin abubuwa "C" a karo na hudu kwata na 1958.

A karkashin rufaffen samfurin halittar boye UAV. tasowa da ra'ayin mallakar wani Kirar Tupolev. Asirin samfurin ne da karfe monoplane tare da share reshe siffar. Ba da da ewa aikin da aka shirya domin buga unmanned tsarin iya a nesa na 10 dubu. Km na haihuwa makaman nukiliya, amma shi ba a aiwatar da tsari na NS Khrushchev.

Intelligence na'ura kai-piloting "Hawk" TU-123, wanda ya zama gada da TU-143, ya sanya farko jirgin a 1961. Ba kamar da hari da jirgin sama, shi ne a cikin fore ɓangare na tsarin yana da m na'ura, maimakon a nukiliya warhead.

Imperfections "Hawk" da oda "Reis"

A farko hasara gano a cikin gwaje-gwaje TU-123 karfe kadan m fotolyuki wanda a jirgin sama gudu daga 2700 km / h an rufe tare da fasa. Wannan matsalar, Soviet injiniyoyi yanke shawarar yin amfani da sayan Brazilian ma'adini yashi, hujja ta yin amfani da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. Shi ne daga wannan albarkatun kasa da aka samu zafi-resistant gilashi, sa'an nan da high quality-images.

Na biyu hasara ya ajizai zane na "Hawk", wanda a aiki ne kiyaye kawai kayan daki, da sauran UAV sun yarwa. A kasar shugabannin gane da bukatar ci gaban da wani tsĩrar unmanned hadaddun m. Ya aka daga baya Kwafa da "Flight" TU-143. A tarihin UAV fara da shigarwa na Allied sojojin a cikin Czechoslovakia da sanarwa daga cikin shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet wani sabon aiki kirar Tupolev game da gina tsĩrar da wani bincike UAV.

Halittar "Reis"

Aiki a kan aiwatar da sabon samuwa a cikin filin na UAVs wuce da sauri. Bayan shekaru biyu, "Flight" ya riga ya yi ta farko jirgin. Bayan 4 shekaru na gwaje-gwaje da kuma kyautata, a 1976, ta amince da kafa soma Soviet sojojin. Tasiri management na dabara m - kamar yadda halin a TU-143 sojoji. Production na prototypes a cikin adadin 10 guda da aka sayar a cikin Bashkiria a shekarar 1973. Ba da da ewa fara serial samar da sabon hadaddun. Domin shekaru 10 (har 1980) samar da duka na 950 guda.

Saki da hadaddun aka gane a cikin iri biyu: na farko - da na daukar hoto kayan aiki; na biyu - da talabijin. Bugu da kari, da UAV aka sanye take da radiation ganewa wajen. A shekarar 1985, a kan tushen da "Reis" kirar Tupolev injiniyoyi, Mun halitta mai manufa cewa nasarar shige jihar gwaje-gwaje.

Invulnerability iska defenses - wannan siffa daga cikin TU-143. Amfani da makamai da 6 kasashen kasance "Flight": da Tarayyar Soviet, Iraki, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Syria, Romania. Yanzu ya kasance a cikin Ukraine da kuma Rasha.

makoman

A lokacin dabara jirgin bincike hadaddun samar m hotunan da rikewa data a kan daukar hoto fim. Domin aiki ayyuka amfani a cikin Tu-143 TV kayan aiki. Da iri m ayyukan da aka za'ayi a lokacin da rãna. A nesa da kayyade zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin UAV a cikin makiya baya, halin da Manuniya a cikin 60-70 km.

The "jirgin" na hadaddun:

• An fara tare da kai-propelled a wata iska gudun ba fiye da 15 m / s.
• Ofishin Jakadancin Control da taimakon wani mai sarrafa kansa a kan-jirgin tsarin (Absu).
• Za a iya kaddara jirgin hanyoyi.
• Tarin kuma adana m da taimakon daukar hoto da kuma talabijin kayan aiki.
• The yiwuwar kayyade radiation yanayi.
• Bayarwa na data a ba batu da kuma ta hanyar tashar rediyo zuwa ga ƙasa umurnin posts.

TU-143: yi bayanin

UAV "Flight" yana da musamman Properties radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, daya daga cikin manyan designers samarwa yi musamman kariya. Kiel, da reshe tips, da laima ganga, da hanci da jirgin sama ana sanya na ba na ƙarfe ba kayan. Yana yiwuwa a cimma invulnerability m hadaddun.

Fasali, da na'ura fuselage kunshi hudu compartments: baka, da jirgin kayan aiki, wani da man fetur tank, da engine nacelle tare da laima ganga. A fore ɓangare na hadaddun located bincike kayan aiki. The daki da aka yi da fiberglass da kuma bayar da ga fotolyuka.

UAV asashe saboda tricycle saukowa kaya. Front goyon bayan da yake a cikin na biyu reshe, da kuma wasu biyu suna samuwa ne daga cikin reshe bangarori. Birki da kuma dasa parachutes yi nufi ga damping kwance, kuma a tsaye saukowa gudun.

amfani

Bincike hadaddun amfani a Afghanistan da kuma yaki a Lebanon. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet a manyan yawan UAVs kasance a kan ƙasa na Ukraine.

A 2001 ya kasance mai ban tausayi hali ta yin amfani da TR-143 dalilai na horo a matsayin manufa. Jiragen TU-154 ya fado ne yayin da, wanda ya kashe game da mutane 80. Dalili kuwa wani laifi sabõda yãsasshiya hit makami mai linzami tsara don UAV "Flight."

Dubi Tu-143 (lokutta), kamar yadda a kiyaye farfado yiwu a irin wannan wurare:

• The Aviation Museum a Kiev.
• Museum of soja kayan aiki da kuma makamai Spadshchansky Forest.
• A birnin Khmelnitsky.
• Prague sufurin jiragen sama Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Jamhuriyar Airport a Moscow.
• Museum na Air Force a Monino.

TU-143: rawarrah

• Weight - 1230 kg.
• Tsawon - 8,06 m.
• Height - 1.545 m.
• Wing tsayi - 2,24 m.
• Wing Area - 2.9 m ^2.
• Mafi qarancin tsawo - mita 10.
• jirgin lokaci - 13 minutes.
• Engine Type - TRD TR3-117.
• A zurfin da mataki - 95 km.
• Iyakar gudun - 950 km / h.