Tuddai na zamanin d Roma: da katin da kuma tarihin

A babban birnin kasar na Italiya - Roma ne daya daga cikin mafi tsoho birane a duniya. A farko, an located a gabas banki na Tiber. Sai aka kira shi da "madawwami" ko "birni a kan bakwai tuddai." Roma da aka zahiri gina a kan tudu, wanda aka raba da mun gwada zurfin, amma a cikin kananan size kwaruruka. Yanzu zamanin d babban birnin kasar ya girma, kuma ya shagaltar da ƙasa a garesu daga cikin kogin. Yanzu ta riga a kan goma sha biyu tuddai, amma akwai taswirar zamanin d Roma, wanda alama asali matabbata, shafe kawai bakwai tuddai.

Overview

Amma kamar yadda tarihin Madawwami City, ya fara gina shi a kan hagu banki na Tiber River. Tuddai na zamanin d Roma sun riga sun zauna a hankali. Da farko, inda akwai wani shiri, shi ya kasance wani tsakiyar daya - Palatine, sa'an nan Eskvilin, sa'an nan da Capitol da Quirinal, kadan daga baya Viminal, Caelian da Aventine. Bayan duk, suka hade a birnin iyaka, da Romawa ya fara sau ɗaya a shekara a kan Disamba 11, don bikin Ranar semiholmiya.

A wurin da tsoho shiri, shi ne na volcanic asalin da aka kafa. A tsawo na tuddai Averages kusa 40-50 m sama da kogin matakin.

Palatine

Yana yana tare da shi da kuma fara da tarihin wurin Madawwami City. A cewar labari, a gindin dutsen da ruwan Tiber tanã gudãna kwandon da jariran - Romulus da Remus, wanda daga baya ya zama cikin wadanda suka kafa na zamanin d Roma. Nan a kan tudu akwai wani kogo, inda ta rayu kerkẽci wanda shãyar da kuma 'yan'uwa. Wannan dutsen da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga aljanna Pales - ya zama majiɓinci saint na makiyaya.

Tun da birnin da aka kafa, a cikin wannan bangare na Ancient Roma ya kasance kullum da cibiyar da iko, inda patricians, sarakuna kuma sarakuna rayu. Aristocrats nan gina su m manyan gidãje - Domus. Niƙaƙƙun sun tsira to wannan rana.

Eskvilin

Its sunan fassara a matsayin "unguwar". An riga an fada a sama cewa Roman tuddai aka shagaltar da jũya. Wadannan bayan da Palatine ya zama wannan tudu. A lokacin, ta zahiri juya a cikin wani birni juji. Bugu da ari, nan da aka kwashe azãba da kuma shirya hurumi inda binne matalauta da bayi. Kaburburansu kasance quite zurfin rami inda gawawwakin da kuma jefar.

A zamanin mulkin Augustus, da hurumi da aka cika, da kuma kyau, gõnaki daga Maecenas girma a wurinsa. Har ila yau, a kan Esquiline gina wani dukan tsarin na ruwa bututu.

Capitol

All tuddai na zamanin d Roma da ta nufi. Wannan dutsen da aka gaba ɗaya gina up majami'u. A nan ne daya daga cikinsu aka sadaukar domin allahiya Juno Moneta inda ya rayu da almara geese cewa sun hana masa murya da ƙarfi ga Romawa a kan gabatowa maƙiyi. Yana kuma aka sanye take da farko tsakar gida, inda buga kudi. Suka kira "tsabar kudi" girmama na gida aljanna.

Around da Capitol a zamanin mulkin Servius Tullius aka gina garun, ta hanyar da Hill ya zama wani impregnable kagara. A cikin hedkwatarsu da wani haikalin sadaukar domin Jupiter. Ƙõramu su ne quarry, wanda ya sa ta darkãkẽwa. A tsakiyar zamanai, da yankin ƙasar tudu kawai monumental gini ya coci na St. Mary. To ya ƙofar wani bene, inda akwai 122 matakai. Yana da aka gina a cikin girmamawa ga gari ta kuɓuta daga annoba.

Quirinal

Kusan duk tuddai na Ancient Roma na da labari. Quirinale ma, ya ba togiya. Ya aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Allah Quirinus yaki, bauta wa tsoho Sabines. A cewar labari mai ban mamaki kawai maza rayu a Roma. Da zarar Romulus gayyace zuwa idi na Sabines. A lokacin tunawa da Romawa sace baƙi duk 'yan matan da suka aure su. Saboda wannan, yaki ya barke, wanda da garkuwa da mutane suka fara wasa.

A cewar labari, da amfani da makamai rikici tsaya da mata da kansu, kamar yadda ya riga ya zama saba wa Roman iyalansu. A sakamakon haka, da yaƙe jam'iyyun shiga wata yarjejeniya. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa babban batu shi ne yanayin a kan wanda Sabinsky m Titus Tatius ya zama mai mulkin Roma kan daidai da Romulus.

Viminal

Sunan tudun nufin "Willow tudun" saboda sãsanninta, suna gaba ɗaya ta rufe wadannan itatuwa. Da farko an sanaki da Sabines. A abun da ke ciki na Madawwami City Quirinal da Viminal hada da duka da Romawa bayan da sace 'yan mata. A lokacin da na Empire, yankin da aka mafi yawa gina up tare da zama gine-gine da sanaki mutane daga cikin ƙananan aji.

Akwai kuma shahara da d ¯ Roman baho - baho na Diocletian, maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na game da 13 kadada. Sun iya lokaci guda saukar da 3200 mutane. A kan ƙasa na sharuddan ma girma kyau gidãjen Aljanna, duka banmamaki marẽmari, kazalika da library aka located. Bugu da kari, da Viminal Hill ya wurin, inda suka zauna Matsaran, yi da ayyuka na sirri matsara na mulkin Roma.

Celio

Kamar yadda aka sani, ya asali Ancient Roma, a takaice kan tuddai da aka bayyana a cikin labarin, an zaunar sosai unevenly - wannan yanki da aka gina up daya daga cikin na karshe. Celio aka mai suna bayan da Etruscan Celes Vibenny. Ya aka daukarsa magabacin na Roman plebeians, don haka da na gida ƙasar zaune kawai da zuriyarsa. Kawai a na karni na kai a nan sani. Babban wurin bauta a wani tudu akwai wani haikalin sadaukar da allahntaka Claudius, amma, da rashin alheri, a kan wannan grand gini ne kawai 'yan niƙaƙƙun.

Aventine

Mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Sarkin Aventina Silviya, wanda ya yi mulki bayan Romulus. A daya daga cikin gidajen tarihi na zamanin d Roma adana taswirar, wanda ya nuna cewa wannan tudu, sabanin wasu, aka ba tukuna zaunar. Amma a cikin kwanaki na Jamhuriyar, ya aka dauke gina up tare da daban-daban Tsarin. M akwai rayu bayi da kuma plebeians. Amma a wannan zamanin na cikin Empire suka fara shirya a yankin da kuma masu arziki aristocrats.

Sarkin sarakuna Aurelian, wanda ya yi mulki a cikin III karni, ya gudanar kawai 4 shekaru domin kafa wani bango da cewa rufe dukkan bakwai tuddai na zamanin d Roma. Its tsawon kasance 19 km, tsawo - 8 m, da kuma kauri -. 3.4 m A bango akwai 383 hasumiya, da ƙofofi 18. Lokacin da Roma ci Goths, shi aka mugun lalace kuma aka partially dismantled. Duk da haka, a cikin Renaissance bango aka mayar da, dole ne in ce shi ne da kyau kiyaye wa yau.