Ulus - a ... District, Yakutia

A adabi sau da yawa da kalmar "ulus", amma da yawa daga cikin mu sau da yawa da kawai wani janar ra'ayin game da wannan ra'ayi. Bari mu yi kokarin fahimtar abin da ake nufi.

Ma'ana ulus jam'i. Wannan tribal ƙungiyar na da yawan Tsakiya da kuma Middle Asia, da kuma administrative-yankin naúrar a gabashin da kuma arewacin Tsarist Russia, da kuma shiri na wasu daga cikin mutanen Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma Siberia. Ulus - da cewa shi ne da yawa, na da daular Genghis Khan, cikin shahararrun daga abin da suke yankin tsakiyar Asiya Chagatai, ɗan Genghis Khan (Chagatai ulus), kazalika da Zolotaya Orda. Amma a yau ta Rasha, shi ne kauyen da kuma kauye na Kalmykia da Buryatia, Yakutia. Mafi na kowa ma'anar kalmar ulus - shi ne mutane, tsara. Wani lokaci za ka iya ganin amfani da kalmar a gabar aji, misali, "Ulus-mawaka" - "sneaky, black mutane."

tarihi ulus

Mutane samar da wata ulus, bai kafa wani iyaka tsakanin su, yarda da steppe ne ga kowa da kowa. Buryats, wanda ya koma zuwa ga 16th da 17th ƙarni, daga Mongolia to Lake Baikal, kuma an located a ƙasa manyan HALITTAR-kungiya, kuma har yanzu mallaki shi tare. Mongolian da Kalmyk uluses har da marigayi 19th karni, rike wannan asali siffofin kamar yadda a cikin kwanaki na Genghis Khan: kowane daga cikinsu suka kafa wata nomadic taro, wanda ya mulki da shugabannin kabilu - noyons. Sun dogara Taishi. A mafi kyau da kuma babbar ulus mallakar Taisha, kasa da-kashe ya ba a zubar da hereditary Noyon bisa ga Generic yawan shekaru. Su yi mulki da aka ba iyakance, duk da haka, shi ne sun fi mayar da gudana tun daga lokacin da yarda da m dokar. Ya spokesmen da kuma kafofin watsa labarai da aka girmama tsohon maza - mafi kyau mutane ulus. A ciki fasali na na'urar yayi dace a Generic iyali. Ulus - a jam'iyya, wanda ya kasu kashi kananan tribal kungiyoyin - Haughton, aimags da kumburi. Kowace daga cikinsu ya a gudanar da hereditary mafi tsufa m. Ya amsa ya ce kafin noyons ko taisha for domin da wadata, don adana da mutuncin irin ruwa zamantakewa kungiyoyin kamar ulus. Saboda haka, wadannan matsugunai daidai shirya ya kāre kuma iya kansu gudanar da wani harin.

3 main ginshiƙai

A Generic yanayin da na'urar da aka nuna a uku na asali tushe: 1) wani Generic Solidarity; 2) alhaki. 3) a madauwari beli. Tribal hadin nufin zakka da juna taimakon matalauta. Rich mutane sun zo domin su taimaki matalauta da raba abinci, dabbobi da kuma abin da kuke bukatar. Dauri ya free musayar sabis tsakanin mambobin. Mutual alhakin bayyana a cikin hujjar cewa, misali, ga laifin da aka alhakin ba kawai laifin, amma kuma duk Rodowicz Union, to wanda ya kasance. A cikin taron cewa ya gagara gane da lafiya shi ya biya dukan kabila ko gundumar. Akwai kuma mai tsarkakẽwar rantsuwa, wanda wani lokacin gaba daya warware wata da ake zargi memba na jama'a.

Da dama kama makwabtan ulus kafa kabila, ko kabilunsu. Da aikinsu na da mambobi kuma iya hada miƙa sadakoki ga amarya bayan tashi daga cikin dangi na matalauta ango da amarya kudi sun biya wani jaka. Esprit de kungiyar soja zauna na dogon lokaci a cikin Selenga Buryats a cikin nau'i na biyan bashin da sata dukiya ko dabbobinsu. Idan daya ko fiye kusantar dangi rantsuwar amincewa gaskiya da kuma mutuncin da ake zargin mutum, ya aka saki daga azãba.

kwanan nan canje-canje

Duk da haka, a kan karni na karshe da Buryats na'urar wajen tsanani canza. Babban dalilai domin wannan ne da baza Lamaism kuma arable noma, kazalika da cakuda nau'i. Gwamnatin matakan ma da gudummawar da wulakanci na zamanin d tribal kungiyar ya fadi na sukar. Ancient dama ya daina aiki, samar da gwaggwabar riba wuri zuwa sabon doka dangantakar, a layi daya tare da wannan fall da yawa tushe cewa ya ulus ƙarfi da hadin kai.

Yakutia

Ulus na Yakutia suna located in arewa-maso-gabashin Siberia, kuma da na kowa iyakar kasar da Magadan yankin da Chukotka cin gashin kanta District.

Don kwanan wata, wannan yanki yana da 32 ulus (ciki har da 3 na kasa). Bari mu zauna a kan wasu daga cikinsu.

Namsky yankin

Wannan Ulus, located in Tsakiya Yakutia, maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 11.9 dubu km The most kogin - da Lena, da yawa aikin gandu. An sani cewa a halin yanzu kan iyakoki da ulus aka kafa Fabrairu 10, 1930. Petr Beketov gina wani Fort da kafa birnin Yakutsk. A Namsky yankin ya dade da aka tsunduma a girma dabbõbi. Mafi yawa daga cikin mutane sun zauna a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na kwari, da kuma sauran Alas da kuma kusa da taiga koguna. Su main zama a cikin 17th karni ya dabbõbi. Agriculture kanta ba har sai 1804. Namsky yankin a zamanin da ya kama da dama sauran sassan Yakutia. Idan mutum ba shi da lafiya, sai su juya zuwa gargajiya healers da shamans. A cikin tsohon kwana wannan ulus wanzu in babu likita da wuraren a kan wani tushe a kimiyance.

Khangalassky yankin

Wannan Ulus yana da wata babbar yawon shakatawa da kuma wasanni m, musamman, da musamman halitta kunsa, Flora da fauna, untouched yanayi. Duk wannan shi ne na babban sha'awa ga masu yawon shakatawa. Khangalassky yankin, located a cikin tsakiyar Yakutia, maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 24,7 dubu murabba'in kilomita kuma aka wakilta fiye da 50 al'ummai daban daban. A administrative cibiyar ne birni na Pokrovsk.

A ƙarshe, ina so in kari Mataki na ashirin da etymology. mun koya daga cikin ƙamus Vasmer cewa Ulus - wani "nomadic parking" da kuma "mai yawan kai tsaye filayen." A wasu kafofin shi ne "mallakar gwamnati gandun daji, azurta amfani da manoma."