Wa ya kashe Alexander 2 da kuma me ya sa? Lokacin da Alexander aka kashe 2?

Sarkin sarakuna suka tafi a tarihi da epithet 'Liberator ", da za'ayi a cikin ƙarni-tsohon mafarki na mutane a kan yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom, ya aka azabtar da mutane daga wannan mutane, to da ordering na rayuwa wanda ya sa sosai kokarin. Mutuwarsa kiwata da yawa tambayoyi daga masana tarihi. Mun sani da sunan 'yan ta'adda suka jefa wani bam, da kuma, duk da haka, da tambaya "Me sun kashe Alexander 2?' Kuma yana da wani bayyanannen amsar wannan rana.

Gyare-gyaren da su sakamakon

Jihar aiki Alexander 2 na iya zama wani hoto daga cikin shahararrun karin magana "da aka yi liyi da kyau nufi hanya zuwa jahannama." Hau gadon sarautar yana da shekaru talatin da shida shekaru, ya sanya jerin m-canje. Da ya gudanar ya kammala m ga Rasha da Crimean War, a kasa basu hakura mahaifinsa - Nicholas I. Soke serfdom. Kafa conscription, ya gabatar da} ananan hukumomi da kuma ya sanya shari'a garambawul. Bugu da kari, ya gudanar ya magance ta bincikar ayyukan da kuma sauƙaƙe tafiya kasashen waje.

Duk da haka, sakamakon duka na alheri farkon, na kunshe a cikin tarihin na Rasha a matsayin "babban sake fasalin", shi ne impoverishment na manoma, da warware daga bauta, amma hana su babban tushen abincinsu - da ƙasa; depletion na tsoffin masu - manyansu; cin hanci da rashawa, rufe duk duniyoyin da gwamnatin. jerin m kuskure a kasashen waje da manufofin. Babu shakka, a hade da duk wadannan abubuwan da ya kamata ka nemi amsar wannan tambaya da dalilin da ya sa aka kashe Alexander 2.

A farkon wani layi na kai hare-hare

A Rasha tarihi ya ba da monarch, wanda zai zama haka consistently kuma relentlessly kokarin kashe. Alexander 2 da aka sanya shida yunkurin, na karshe daga wanda ya tabbatar da m ga shi. Ko kafin "Narodnaya Volya" - wani shiri da cewa kashe Alexander 2 - bayyana cikakken ta zama, da jerin hare-haren ta'addanci bude guda Dmitry Karakozov. 4 ga Afrilu, 1866 (duk kwanakin da aka bã a cikin labarin, sabon salon), sai ya harba da Sarkin sarakuna, yana fitowa daga ƙofar Summer lambu a kan Neva embankment. A harbi ya m, cewa rayar da Alexander.

A gaba yunkurin da aka yi May 25, 1867 a birnin Paris zuwa Yaren mutanen Poland haure Anton Berezovsky. Wannan ya faru a lokacin ziyarar da Sarkin sarakuna a Duniya ta Fair. A maharbin rasa. Ya mataki ya daga baya ya bayyana saka da Rasha monarch ga jini danniya na Yaren mutanen Poland yunkuri na 1863.

Wannan ya biyo ta wani hari Afrilu 14, 1879, ya aikata ritaya collegiate assessor Aleksandrom Solovovym, kashi na kungiyar "Land da kuma Freedom". Ya ya iya duba ga Sarkin sarakuna a Palace Square a lokacin da ya saba tafiya, wanda ya yi shi kadai da kuma ba tare da kariya. A attacker ya sanya biyar Shots, amma duk a banza.

A wasansa na farko daga Mutãnen

1 Disamba na wannan shekara, ya fara yunkurin da aka yi ta da Mutane, wanda ya kashe Alexander 2 shekaru biyu daga baya. Sai suka yi kokarin tarwatsa sarauta jirgin kasa a lokacin da yake hanya zuwa Moscow. Hana su yi mu da tsare-tsaren da wani kwaro saboda wanda aka nike tashi ne ba abun da ke ciki, da kuma Sarkin sarakuna zauna abinsa lafiya.

Kuma, a karshe, jerin gaza yunkurin kammala fashewa tsawa Fabrairu 17, 1880 a ranar farko bene na Winter Palace. Yana sanya wani memba na kungiyar "Mutane Will" Stepan Khalturin. Wannan shi ne na karshe hali, idan da rabo da Sarkin sarakuna da ceton rayuka. Wannan lokaci Alexander 2 tsira daga mutuwa da manufa marigayi a rana domin abincin dare, da kuma wani infernal inji aiki a ɓõye. Riga na musamman gwamnatin hukumar aka nada a mako don yaƙar ta'addanci da kuma kula da oda a cikin kasar.

Jini a kan canal embankment

Fatal zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna ya Maris 13, 1881. A wannan rana, ya, kamar yadda ya saba, ya dawo daga wani saki sojojin a cikin Mikhailovsky Manege. Bayan ziyartar kan hanya da Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna, Alexander ya tafi a kan hanya, ya je wurin embankment na Catherine Canal, inda ya jira domin 'yan ta'adda.

Sunan mutumin da ya kashe Alexander 2, yanzu da kyau a san duk. Wannan shi ne wani iyakacin duniya, wani dalibi na St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Ignatius Grinevitsky. Ya jefa wani bam bi ta hannun abokinsa Nikolaem Rysakovym ma metnuvshy infernal na'ura, amma ga wani wadãtar. Lokacin da tashin bam na farko lalace da Sarkin sarakuna samu daga cikin karusa, Grinevitsky jefa shi wani bam a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsa. Mortally rauni sarki aka dauka zuwa Winter Palace, inda ya mutu ba tare da ya farka,.

kotun 'yan adawa

A 1881, lokacin da ya kashe Alexander 2, da aikin na jihar hukumar, ko da yake zahiri ya ba da alama na feverish aiki, duk da haka, ya zama kamar ma sosai m. Masana tarihi da dalilin yi imani da cewa mutuwa na Alexander ne sakamakon wani ƙulli daga cikin kotu Elite, na farko, m da m sake fasalin gudanar da sarki, da kuma abu na biyu, ku ji tsõron da yiwuwar wani kundin tsarin mulkin kasar.

Bugu da kari, cikin kewayon daga cikin mafi girma da manyanmu hada da tsohon gonaki suka rasa serfs, kuma ta haka sun sha wahala gagarumin hasarori. Suna da wani sarari dalilin da ya ƙi sarki. Idan muka yi la'akari da al'amarin daga wannan kusurwa, shi yana iya zama bayyana dalilin kashe Alexander 2.

A m tsallake 'yan sanda dake

Sashen Gendarmes ayyuka sa doka rikice. An sani cewa a lokacin gabanin kisan da dama rahotanni na game hari, kuma ko da ya nuna wani yiwu wuri da aka samu. Duk da haka, babu mayar da martani ga shi ba a bi. Haka kuma, a lokacin da masu gadi na dokar da aka ruwaito cewa a ranar Malaya Sadovaya - shi ne a kusa da wurin da kashe Alexander 2 - mined hanyar ta yiwu kwatance, su aka iyakance ga kawai gaggawar dubawa na gabatarwa daga abin da rami da aka gudanar.

Babu wani abu da noticing (ko ba gano shi wajibi ne don lura), da gendarmes sun yarda da 'yan ta'adda ci gaba da shirya kai harin. Yana da jũna da cewa wani da gangan untied hannun laifi so yin amfani da su wajen gudanar da tsare-tsaren. Tuhuma ne da cewa a lokacin da wani bala'i ya faru, da kuma sarki, wanda yake da a fādar matsayin mai iko adawa ya tafi, duk da mahalarta da kisan gillar da aka kama tare da mamaki rapidity. Babu shakka cewa gendarmes ya san daidai abin da kungiyar kashe Alexander 2.

matsaloli na maye

Bugu da kari, wannan tambaya da wanda ya kashe Alexander 2 (ko mafi daidai, ya kasance da real Oganeza na kisan), to la'akari da dynastic rikicin da ya barke a cikin gidan sarauta. Ɗansa, da kuma magajin sarautar, nan gaba czar Alexander III na, da dukan dalilin tsõron su nan gaba. Gaskiyar cewa a farkon wannan shekara, lokacin da ya kashe Alexander 2, da Sarkin sarakuna, kawai tsayayya da ake bukata kwanaki arba'in bayan rasuwar halatta matarsa Maria Alexandrovna, aure da ta fi so gimbiya Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy.

Ganin cewa mahaifinsa fiye da sau daya kafin ya bayyana kwadayin cire shi daga gidan sarauta, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich iya sauƙi ɗauka cewa kambi ya shirya ya wuce ba zuwa gare shi, sai ga yaro da aka haifa daga cikin sabon aure. Don hana wannan iya kawai kwatsam mutuwa, kuma ba baya ƙoƙari, haƙĩƙa, ta yi wani daya zuwa janye tuhuma.

A farko a cikin zamani tarihin kungiyar 'yan ta'adda

Duk wanda ya kashe Tsar Alexander 2 ( 'yan ta'adda Ignatius Grinevitsky), ya memba na cikin karkashin kasa jam'iyya, "Narodnaya Volya". An yi imani da cewa shi ne na farko a cikin zamani tarihin da kungiyar 'yan ta'adda. Ta ya qware musamman kan kashe-kashen siyasa, wanda ya ga kawai zai yiwu hanya zuwa canja data kasance tsarin.

Yana da aka hada da mutane suka kasance mafi bambancin sassa na al'umma. Alal misali, Sofia Perovskaya, kai tsaye dubawa da yunkurin a kan Catherine Canal, ya mai noblewoman, har ma da 'yar gwamnan St. Petersburg, kuma ta abokin aiki a cikin gwagwarmaya, da kuma zuciya na kowane Zhelyabov - zo daga wani iyali na serfs.

jumla sarki

Bayan zaba cikin hanyar tsõro a cimma siyasa a raga, sũ a kan su farkon taron, da aka gudanar a 1879, wanda aka hada baki yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar Alexander 2 da kuma m shekaru tsunduma a cikin aiwatar da na yanke shawara. Domin su ya muhimmanci don halakar da autocrat, komai inda ta faru, kuma a cikin abin da shekara. 2 kashe Alexander yan ta'adda, ba schadivshie for utopian neman sauyi ideas kuma rãyukansu, da yawa kasa baki.

Duk da haka, a cikin ƙulle-fated spring su da dalili mai kyau na hanzarta. A 'yan ta'adda san cewa a kan Maris 14 da aka sanya wa amincewa da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, kuma ba zai iya bari cewa faru, domin, a cewar su lissafin, tallafi na irin wannan muhimmanci na tarihi daftarin aiki iya rage matakin na zamantakewa tashin hankali a kasar da kuma rage musu na gwagwarmaya na kasa goyan baya. Aka yanke shawarar cewa, a duk abin da ya yi tafi tare da sarki maza maza.

Reassessment na tarihi hakikar

A labarin da ya zama sunan mutumin da ya kashe Alexander 2, da barin ƙafafunsa infernal na'ura, amma da wuya masana tarihi za su iya tabbatar da tushe ko gazawar da ake zargi na da hannu a cikin makircin na kotu da'irori da magaji a kan karaga. Takardu da cewa zubar da haske a kan wannan batu, akwai ba. An yi imani da cewa initiators na kisa da kuma cin zarafin da matasa, 'yan cikin karkashin kasa ƙungiyar na "Narodnaya Volya".

A lokacin Soviet lokaci duk da kungiyoyi da cewa ya yi yaƙi da autocracy, touted a matsayin spokesmen na tarihi gaskiya. Ayyukansu, an barataddasu komai nawa, da wanda jini da aka zubar. Amma idan tambaya a yau: "Wane ne da Mutane, wanda ya kashe Alexander 2 - laifi ko ba," a mafi yawan lokuta amsar ne a.

Monument ga Tsar Liberator

Tarihi ya tabbatar da cewa makasudin ba ko da yaushe tabbatar da wajen, da kuma wani lokacin ya yi yaƙi domin a kawai hanyar ne mãsu laifi. Saboda haka, wanda ya kashe Alexander 2, bai zama da girman kai na Rasha. Sunansa da aka ba da ake kira da titunan gari da kuma murabba'ai ya aka ba gina Monuments. A kan tambayar ko, a cikin abin da shekara da aka kashe Alexander 2, za su amsa da yawa, amma suna da kisa da sunan yana da wuya.

A lokaci guda a kan tabo mutuwa na kashe Sarkin sarakuna-Liberator gina wani shahararren haikalin, popularly kira da Mai Ceto a kan zub da jini, da kuma ya zama wani abin tunawa madawwami. A lokacin da shekaru na maguzawan obscurantism shi akai-akai kokarin daukar saukar, amma kowane lokaci ikon da ganuwa hannun Vandals hanãwa. Kira da shi rabo, zai iya zama da yatsan Allah, amma da memory na Alexander 2, karya da sarƙoƙi na serfdom, kuma yanzu haskakawa tare da zinariya domes, da kuma kisankai taɓa hawa cikin duhun tarihi.