"Warszawianka" - a submarine. Class submarine "Warszawianka"

A tsakiyar karni na ashirin da ya gangara a tarihi kamar yadda a lokacin juyin juya halin Musulunci fasaha cimma gaci a dukkan bangarori na fasaha, kimiyya da kuma ko da al'adu. Da zarar haka kada ku kira wannan lokaci: a karni na cybernetics, zamanin da nazarin sararin samaniya, har ma da zamanin dutse 'n' yi. A Tarayyar Soviet a cikin marigayi forties, aka sa a cikin aiki na farko nukiliya ikon shuka a duniya, shi ya faru shekaru hudu bayan Hiroshima. Icebreaker to nukiliya ikon shuka da aka ma gina a cikin Tarayyar Soviet (1957). Kuma uku shekarun baya a Amurka da aka hukuma kaddamar nukiliya submarine "Nautilus". A zamanin da makaman nukiliya submarine jiragen ruwa. Ina tsammani cewa dizal submarines taɓa hawa. Amma ya juya waje cewa a wasu lokuta maye gurbin su ba. An misali zai zama da quietest a duniya submarine Project 877 "Warszawianka".

Premier League - amfani ko rashin amfani

Abũbuwan amfãni daga submarines da makaman nukiliya ikon shuka ne bayyananne. Ba su bukatar surface kai a kai don recharge da batura, da kewayon sarrafawa aikace-aikace ne kusan Unlimited, kamar yadda lokaci ciyar a zurfin. Need kawai za a ɗora Kwatancen a cikin riko da abinci da kuma pumped cikin ruwan sha tanki (duk da haka, akwai tatacen). Tu fili compartments, ƙungiya, m yanayi ne quite dadi, da kuma fama capabilities ne irin wannan cewa, daya naúrar isa ya shirya da dama, Hiroshima. Amma akwai wasu rikice. Rufe da reactor yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan akwai wani hadari, don haka da jirgin ruwan ne kullum m. Kusan "sa low" da kuma zama a zare jiki ba zai yiwu ba.

Abin da ikon shuka ne mai lafiya, amma sanyaya dumama haihuwarka bukatar yin famfo seawater cewa sa'an nan, ko da yake mai rauni, amma "fonit", da kuma a kan gaba jirgin, za ka iya amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci zuwa "lissafi". Bugu da kari, wani submarine (nukiliya submarine) yana wani babba size, da kuma saboda akwai hani a kan wurare dabam dabam a cikin m yankunan da tekuna.

Me ake bukata dizal submarine

Bayan bayyanar m fleets na m makiyan wadannan ganuwa a kan Cruisers surface, kama da jiragen ruwa ya fara gina domin Soviet Navy. Shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa Rasha submarine samfurori bambanta daga kasashen waje, kuma ba ga mafi alhẽri. Kiya ganewa nufin su kyawawan sauri pinpointing amo propellers da injuna. Wannan matsalar da aka warware daga baya, amma a cikin marigayi sittin - farkon seventies waje barazanar yanke shawarar ba da asymmetric martani. A shekarar 1974, Ofishin "Rubin" ya samu daga Navy Kwamandan S. G. Gorshkova TK, wanda aka jera babban bukatun ga sabon jirgin: low ganuwa, da fadi da kewayon aikin da rage yawan ma'aikatan jirgin. Shekaru hudu daga baya, da hannun jari a Komsomolsk-on-Amur tafi farko "Warszawianka". Submarine complied tare da duk sharuddan tunani da maki kuma zarce da sigogi da aka jera a da shi a cikin da yawa hanyoyi.

The na'urar submarine

Submarines yawanci kunshi biyu gine-gine, dake cikin wani sãshe, (for "nested yar tsana" manufa).

Haske ne fairing harsashi, boye a karkashin wadda ake kira CCH (main ballast tankuna) da kuma TSVB (karin). Babban ballast da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar tabbatacce ko korau buoyancy, watau samar da surfacing da kuma nitsewa jirgin. Karin tank halitta datsa (Ina nufin, a kwance a tsaye karkatar gidaje) da baka ko tsananin, ya kuma bauta wa tsara a layi yi.

The ƙungiya, makamai, da dukan zama dole kayan aiki, ciki har da mota, batura, da na'urorin haɗi SCE (babban umurnin post), galley kuma mafi kewaye a cikin wani robust gidaje cewa ne zuwa kashi compartments. Shin ba togiya da "Warszawianka". A submarine ne zuwa kashi shida sassan. Yawanci, da farko da kuma na karshe wanda ake kira da torpedo, amma jiragen ruwa na aikin 877 ne da makami ne kawai a cikin hanci, tare da wani post Sonar sanye take da wani musamman Pull-fita (saukar) nawa. Amma a kan wannan musamman zane ba ya kawo karshen akwai.

sanyata m

Janar Designer na KB "Rubin" Yuri Kormilitsin ba siffar da shaci daga jirgin, na hali na nukiliya mai linzami. A gicciye-sashe shi ne ma zagaye, da bambanci ga sauran dizal takwarorinsu, mĩƙe a kan sãsanninku. Frames, wadda bisa ga gargajiya makirci, located ciki da matsa lamba ƙwanso, tsĩrar da a intercase sarari a kudi na asali yanke shawarar yantar da sama mai yawa sarari, wanda ya ƙwarai inganta yanayin rayuwar da matukan jirgin da kuma kayan aiki a saka a cikin mafi m hanyar. Submarine aikin "Warszawianka" ya zama mafi zamani jiragen ruwa na Soviet Navy a cikin bangare na aiki da kai, mechanization da Cybernetics, game da shi, rage load a kan ƙungiya - tare da karami yawan - da kuma graded a yawa yanayi sananne mutum factor.

low Ganuwar

Sonar aiki a kan wannan manufa a matsayin al'ada radar. Sonar fitarda short hatsaisai na sauti mitoci cewa suna nuna daga karkashin ruwa abubuwa, haifar da wani hoto na halin da ake ciki. Kamar yadda a cikin "Stealth", yana nufin don rage Ganuwar na submarine ne, yafi dangane da rage reflectivity na surface. Kamar wancan ne na musamman kayan kare "Varshavyanka". Submarine musamman sauti-mamaye Layer ne mai rufi, abin da ya rage amo ya fito daga cikin na'ura da kuma abin hawa sunadaran, da kuma lokaci guda garwaya a maƙiya Sonar sakonni.

Haukan kogi da kuma cavitation, wanda babu makawa bayyana kusa da rada, sa "Rubin" na zane-zane don matsawa su kusa da tsakiyar jirgin frame (tsakiya jiki).

Amma ga low ganuwa isa ya zama "black rami" (da ake kira Project 877 hydroacoustics navies na NATO). "Warszawianka" Yana ba ga rago ke tafiya a kan teku da aka halitta. A submarine kanta dole ne farautar maƙiyi jiragen ruwa, da kuma ga cewa ta bukata "idanu" da "kunnuwa". Gane makiya kafin ya za su iya ganin ka - wannan shi ne babban aikin da ma'aikatan jirgin. Sonars ne na iri biyu: aiki da kuma m. Da farko emit Ft Irfan hatsaisai, suka yi aiki a wuri mai nisa, amma unmask jirgin. Na biyu yana amfani da aikin wasu Sonar da marine amo, da wuya a yi amfani da su, amma shi ne mafi aminci. Karkashin ruwa aji "Warszawianka" jirgin ruwan yana da iri biyu Sonar, kuma a Bugu da kari a gare su, cikakken tsarin na sarrafa bayanai samu a kan tushen da kan-jirgin kwakwalwa. Aiyuka fasahar "Ft Irfan rami", wanda rage radiation gefen Sonar.

shasi

Don recharge da batura na submarine bukata ba taso kan ruwa zuwa ga surface, isa tada RDP (wanda kuma ake kira snorkel) don samar da damar yin amfani da waje iska da kuma kau da konewa kayayyakin. Diesel amfani Low hayaki da ta rage Ganuwar na jirgin a kan teku.

Amfani da wasu sababbin abubuwa. Basic dizal (5.5 th. L. C.) da ake amfani da su zo da jirgin ruwa a tashin, ta nufi shi ne kawai don propel na'ura mai juyi janareta cajin batir. A taso mana samar da wani tattali motor (damar 130 l. C.), Kuma biyu mafi (a kan 102 l. C.) Shin redundantly-shunting. Kinematic makirci ne irin wannan cewa, duk uku injuna aiki a daya dunƙule. Shi ne kuma na musamman, shestilopastny da damar da shi kafin a juya a ƙananan gudun (250 Rev. / Min.), Sarrafa, bi da bi, da kuma kasa amo.

Rayuwa yanayin

Yanayi na sabis a kan dizal jirgin ruwan sun kasance kullum nauyi. Bugu da kari ga m kaya, da ƙungiya samu wani babban yawan disadvantages hade da wani gaira na sararin samaniya da kuma iyakance cin gashin. Submarines "Warszawianka" irin bambanta daga sauran jiragen ruwa na wannan aji ne mafi alhẽri yanayi. Barci a kan torpedoes tawagar 'yan ba su da wannan dadi bukkokin. Akwai ma shawa, a cinema zauren da a dispensary.

"Warszawianka" a yau, da 636 th aikin

Duk da babba shekaru na aikin, da bukatar wani aji "Warszawianka" boats ne m, kuma Jirgin ruwan na da babba fitarwa m. Indian Navy suna dauke da makamai da dama raka'a submarines, biyu ze tashi karkashin Algeria flag, don haka suna da Polish Navy. China sayayya su, kuma sabõda Navy. Bayan da hallaka duniya gurguzu tsarin ya daina aiki da Warsaw yarjejeniya Collective tsaro (a wanda girmamawa da kuma aka mai suna da aikin), da yawa misalai na Soviet da fasaha, ciki har da mafi zamani, sun kasance a cikin arsenals na NATO kasashen. Domin ya kula da m na submarine sojojin a dace matakin, shi da ake bukata da gaggawa modernization daga cikin kayan ɓangare na rundunar motoci. Tun lokacin da janar makirci da kuma abin hawa Concepts ne nasara, gagarumin canje-canje a cikin sauran tsarin da aka yi. Submarine "Novorossiysk" aikin "Warszawianka" sabon model ta'allaka a St. Petersburg a Admiralty masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a watan Agusta 2010, lamarin da ya farkon jerin m zane, ya samu index 636. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa shi ne ya shirya su runtse da ruwa biyar more irin wannan jirgin ruwa. A gaba za ta zama "Rostov-on-Don" da "Stary Oskol", da sauran submarine za a mai suna bayan birnin soja ɗaukaka. A sabon raka'a aka tsara don karfafa Black Sea jiragen ruwa na Rasha Federation. A da zane daukan la'akari da dukan kwarewa na Shipbuilding da amfani da sababbin ci gaba kewayawa, kakakin majalisar, da kuma kwamfuta da fasaha. Submarines na Project 636 "Warszawianka" a sabis zai yi winged "zamo" da makamai masu linzami da fama radius daga 2500 km.

Bayanan fasaha da kuma makamai

Cikakken hijirar "Varshavyanka" kura idon shi ne 3036 ton a kan surface -. 2300 t Kamar yadda atomic jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa shi ne sauri zuwa 17 kullin (10 kan wani dizal engine). Matsakaicin taimakon 636 aikin iya nutse har zuwa 300 mita. Vehicle Length - kusan 73 mita, nisa - 10. A precipitate surfaced matsayi bisa ga kaya, - daga 6.2 zuwa 6.6 mita. The ƙungiya kunshi 52 mutane, m kewayawa da aka kiyaye domin 45 days. Jirgin ruwan soja da shida torpedo zamo kamar 533 da hudu cruise makamai masu linzami.