4 Ivan garambawul

Ivan Grozny an m mulkin Rasha. 'Yan gusar ra'ayi da shi, a matsayin sarki, mai tĩlastãwa. Wadannan siffofin na hali da aka dage farawa a cikin yara: Ivan rasa mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa, kuma ya kasance karkashin kulawa da boyars, wanda aka fada domin iko. 4 Ivan garambawul ya zama wani ɓangare na tarihin kasar da kuma alama farkon wani sabon lokaci a tarihi.

Sa'ad da sarki ta jiha-gudu farkon yara, shi da uwarsa, matarsa Basil 3 - Elena Glinskaya. Bayan ta mutuwa, matasa sarki ya karkashin laimar da boyars, wanda ya nemi lashe kan Ivan da kuma kama iko. A shekaru 17 na shekaru, Ivan zama 4: Aure Anastasia Romanova. Sa'an nan Ivan daukan sarauta lakabi a ɗauka cewa Cathedral, dake a cikin Moscow Kremlin.

Sake fasalin na Ivan 4 za a iya raba kwanuka biyu, wato:

1. sake fasalin zaba farin ciki.

2. Oprichnina.

A cikin marigayi 1540s a kusa da matasa sarki ya kafa da'irar kusa abokai da kuma jagoranta, wanda ya fara da za a kira da aka zaba Rada. Yana kunshi: A.Adashev, A.Kurbsky, Sylvester da Macarius. A farkon lokaci na garambawul Ivan 4 a takaicce game da su za a rubuta a kasa, suna daidaito da kuma mayar da hankali kan karfafa gwamnatin tsakiya da kuma sojojin kasar ikon. Zabe Rada da aka gudanar:

• Garambawul na jama'a gwamnati (samar da umarni - sabon gwamnatin tsakiya).
• gabatarwar da wani sabon Sudebnik Ivan 4 (1550);
• Church garambawul (kiran coci majalisa).
• soja garambawul Ivan 4 (halittar sabon m dakarun da ake kira "a Royal", gabatarwar Code of Service).
• haraji garambawul (gabatar uniform ga dukan ƙasar ta haraji tsarin - komai a fili).
• garambawul na gida kai gwamnati (halittar shawarwari jikuna a magance kowane gaggawa matsaloli, duka biyu na ciki da kuma na waje manufofin - Zemsky Sobor, yarjejeniyoyin da wani muhimmin ɓangare na Rasha iko - ciyar).

Irin wannan mai girma farkon sarautar da aka karya a 1553, lokacin da muka fara da bambance-bambance tsakanin sarki da coterie. A sakamakon - auka daga cikin zaba murna. Bayan shekaru 10 a gefe na Dogayen sanda gudu aboki Ivana Groznogo - Andrei Kurbsky. Wannan harka gaba daya rushe duk bege na sarki, zai kuma sanar da fara oprichnina. Oprichnina - wani tsõro daga cikin sau Ivana Groznogo, wanda ya sanar a wani musamman sarauta gado (ƙasa).

Oprichnina halartar Suzdal, Mozhaisk da Vyazma da sauran kusa gari. Ivan 4 sake fasalin sun daina aiki, babu mafi reformist yunkurin An yi.

Oprichnina ci gaba da ta'ada mazaunan karshe 7 shekaru, bayan da aka soke. 4 Ivan da umarnin a gudanar da dukan waɗanda suka halarci a cikin tsõro.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa na jini yakin da Novgorod aka sanya a wannan lokaci.

Sake fasalin na Ivan 4 a farkon lokacin da ya mulkin gudummawar da tabbatarwa daga gwamnatin tsakiya da kuma ikon da sarki, sai suka yi ƙarfafa soja ikon dukan ƙasar, suka "ya" Rasha janar sa na dokokin da zartarwa dalĩli - da Zemsky Sobor.

Saboda haka, duk canje-canje Ivan 4 gudummawar da halittar Estate-wakilin daular mulkinsu.