A farkon Romanov daular. Tarihi na Romanov daular

Romanovs daular wanda tarihi Dates baya ga karni na sha shida, ya kawai ya zo daga wani tsohon daraja. Amma bayan aure kammala tsakanin Ivanom Groznym da wakilin Romanov - Anastasiey Zaharinoy, sai suka zama kusa da fādar sarki. Bayan kafa dangantaka da Moscow Ruric a kan kursiyin ya fara nema da kansu Romanovs.

Tarihi na Rasha sarakuna na daular Qing ya fara bayan mulki a kasar ya zama zabe grandnephew na matar Ivana Groznogo - Mikhail Fedorovich. Zuriyarsa tsaya a kai na Rasha har Oktoba 1917.

prehistory

Magabacin wasu daraja iyalansu, ciki har da Romanovs, kira Andrei Ivanovich Mare, wanda mahaifinsa, kamar yadda evidenced da rikodin Divonovich gland shine yake-Kamba, samu a baftisma da sunan Ivan, ya bayyana a Rasha a cikin wannan ƙarnin na karni na sha hudu. Ya zo daga Lithuania.

Duk da wannan, a wasu category na masana tarihi ya nuna cewa farkon Romanov daular (takaice - da House of Romanov) zo daga Novgorod. Andrei Ivanovich da yawa kamar yadda 'ya'ya maza biyar. Suka kira Bitrus, ya ingarma Alexander itace, Vasily Ivantay da Gabriel Gavsha da Fedor Cat. Sun kasance cikin magabatan da yawa kamar goma sha bakwai daraja gidaje a Rasha. A farko gwiwa Andrei Ivanovich da farko 'ya'yansa hudu lakabi Kobylin, Fedor Andreevich da ɗansa Ivan - Koshkin, da kuma dan da na karshe - Zachary - Koshkin-Zakhar'in.

Ana zargin Surnames

Zuriyar zarar sun ƙaryata kashi na farko - Cat. Kuma don wani lokaci da suka fara rubuta kawai a karkashin sunan Zakharins. Daga shida gwiwa a cikinta aka kara da sauran rabin - Yuriev.

Haka kuma, zuriya da Bitrus da Vasiliya Yakovlevichey lakabi Yakovlev, Romana - okolnichy da kuma gwamnonin - Zakharins-Romanov. Shi ne tare da yara na karshen kuma Ya fãra shahara Romanov daular. A zamanin mulkin wannan irin fara a 1613th.

sarakuna

Romanov daular ya iya gina a kan sarautarsa biyar wakilan. A farko daga cikin wadannan shi ne babban-dan wa na Anastasia - matar Ivana Groznogo. Mikhail Fedorovich - sarki na farko na daular Romanov, an tashe shi a kan karaga Zemsky Sobor. Amma tun da yake bai gogu da duniya, a zahiri mulki kasar Bayou Marta tare da dangi. Bayan shi, da Romanov daular sarakunan kasance kaɗan. Yana da ɗansa Alex da uku jikoki - Fyodor, Ivan V da Bitrus I. shi shi ne na karshe a 1721, da shekara ƙare tare da Romanov daular.

sarakuna

Lokacin da Bitrus A. zo a kan karaga, domin irin fara wani mabanbanta zamanin. A Romanovs, wanda tarihi a matsayin sarakuna na daular Qing ya fara a 1721-m, ya ba su goma sha uku Rasha shugabanni. Daga cikin wadannan, kawai uku sun kasance daga jini.

Bayan Bitrus da Great - na farko sarki na House of Romanov - kamar yadda autocratic empress kursiyin da aka gaji da ya doka matarsa Catherine I, asalin wanda har yanzu gardama da masana tarihi kai. Bayan ta mutuwa, ikon ya wuce zuwa jikansa Bitrus I ta farko da aure - Bitrus II.

Saboda infighting da mãkirci na maye kakansa ta line aka daskarewa. Kuma bayan da na sarki ikon da regalia da aka mika 'yar yayana na Sarkin sarakuna Petra Velikogo - Ivan V, alhãli kuwa bayan Anny Ioannovny hau zuwa Rasha kursiyin daga danta da Duke na Brunswick. Sunansa Yahaya VI Antonovich. Shi ne kawai wakilin Mecklenburg-Romanov, wanda ya dauki kursiyin. Yana hambarar nasa inna - " 'Yata Petrov" Empress Elizabeth. Ta kasance babu aure da 'ya'ya ba. Shi ya sa da Romanov daular, da tebur na Board wanda quite ban sha'awa, a kai tsaye namiji line shi ne a kan shi da kuma a kan.

Saba da tarihin

Accession zuwa kursiyin irin wannan ya faru a karkashin m yanayi, kewaye da yawa m mutuwar. Romanov daular, wadanda wakilansu da photo a wani tarihi littafin, an kai tsaye nasaba da Rasha tarihin. Yana tsaye a waje domin ta m kishin kasa. Tare da mutane za ta hanyar wuya sau, sannu a hankali dagawa da kasar daga talauci da fatara - da sakamakon da akai yaƙe-yaƙe, da cewa Romanovs. Tarihi na Rasha da daular zahiri cikakken na jini events da asirai. Kowace daga ta wakilin, ko girmama da bukatun da 'yan kasa, a lokaci guda bambanta da ya keta.

farko mulkin

Shekara na farkon na Romanov daular aka quite m. A jihar da babu istinbadi m. Yafi godiya ga kyau kwarai suna Anastasii Zaharinoy da kuma wanta, Nikita Romanov iyali aka girmama duk.

Rasha azaba yaki da Sweden da kuma kusan tsaya a nan internecine feuds. A farkon watan Fabrairu, da 1613th shekara a Grand Kremlin Palace, watsi da waje invaders, tare da wani tari na datti da tarkace, aka sanar da sarki na farko na daular Romanov - a bai gogu da duniya yarima Mikhail Fedorovich. Kuma shi ne wannan goma sha shida shekara daya dan na sarki Filaret alama da farkon sarautar da Romanov daular. Ya aka gyarawa a kan sarauta ga shekara talatin da biyu.

Yana yana tare da shi zai fara Romanov daular, sassalar tebur wanda aka yi karatu a makaranta. A 1645-m Michael aka yi nasara da dansa Alex. A karshen ne ma dokokin na dogon lokaci - fiye da uku da suka gabata. Bayan shi, a cikin tsari na maye an hade tare da wasu matsaloli.

Tun 1676 na farko shekaru shida na Rasha mulki jikan Michael - Fedor, mai suna bayan kakan kaka. Bayan mutuwarsa, sarautar da Romanov daular cancanci ci gaba da Bitrus I, kuma Ivan V - 'yan'uwansa. Suna domin kusan shekaru goma sha biyar, ya yi dual ikon, ko da yake kusan dukkan kasar gwamnati ya hau kan 'yar'uwarsu Sophia, wanda aka ada zama sosai ikon-m mace. Masana tarihi gaya mana cewa na musamman biyu kursiyin, da ciwon wani rami da aka umurce su da su boye wannan shã'aninku. Kuma shi ne ta hanyar da shi gãnãwa Sophia ya ba da umarnin 'yan'uwa.

Petr Veliky

Kuma ko da yake da farkon sarautar da Romanov daular ake dangantawa da sunan Mikhail Fedorovich, da a kalla daya daga cikin wakilan sani kusan duk abin da. Wannan shi ne wani mutum da ya iya zama da girman kai na da kuma dukan Rasha mutane, kansu Romanovs. Tarihi na Rasha sarakuna na daular Qing, da tarihi na Rasha mutane da kuma Rasha ta tarihi da aka inseparably nasaba da sunan Petra Velikogo - da kafa, da kuma kwamandan na yau da kullum sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa, da kuma a general - wani mutum da wani sosai m ra'ayoyi kan rayuwa.

Tare da hazaka, mai karfi da nufin mai girma da kuma iya aiki domin aikin, Bitrus I, kamar yadda, lalle ne, da kuma duk, tare da waɗansu 'yan ƙalilan, da Romanov daular, wanda yana da wani photo na wakilan duk littattafan tarihi, domin rayuwa koyi abubuwa da yawa. Amma ya biya musamman da hankali ga soja da kuma suna suna tukin jirgin. A lokacin farko tafiya kasashen waje a 1697-1698 shekaru, Bitrus ya bi tafarkin harbi Sciences a Konigsberg, sa'an nan rabin shekara aiki ga Amsterdam shipyards wani sauki kafinta, karatu da ka'idar Shipbuilding a Ingila.

Yana da aka ba kawai mafi ƙwarai hali ya zamanin, ya iya zama alfahari da Romanovs: tarihin Rasha da daular bai san da wani karin basira da kuma na bincike mutum. Kome game da shi, bisa ga Sahaban, shaida wannan.

Peter ko da yaushe sha'awar kome da aka ko ta yaya zai shafi tsare-tsaren: kuma a kan wani ɓangare na management ko kasuwanci, da kuma ilimi. Ya son sani da aka rarraba wa kusan duk. Ya ba sakaci har ma da karami cikakken bayani, idan sun baya iya zama wani abu da amfani.

A al'amari na rayuwa Petra Romanova ya Yunƙurin na jihar da kuma karfafa ta soja iko. Shi ya zama kafa na yau da kullum da sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa, da ci gaba da sake fasalin mahaifinsa - Alexei Mikhailovich.

Jihar canji na Bitrus ta sarautar juya Rasha a cikin wani iko jihar, wanda ya samu tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da na raya kasashen waje cinikayya, da kuma kyau administrative management.

Kuma ko da yake da farkon sarautar da Romanov daular aka aza kusan shida da suka gabata kafin wani daga cikin wakilan ta ta ba su cimma abin da sanya Petr Veliky. Ya ba kawai ya kafa kansa a matsayin wani babban jami'in diflomasiyyar, amma kuma halitta anti-Swedish Arewa Alliance. A tarihin sunan farko sarki da alaka da babban mataki na Rasha ta ci gaba da kuma ta fitowan kamar yadda mai girma da iko.

A lokaci guda Bitrus kuwa mai wuya mutum. Lokacin da shekaru goma sha bakwai ya hau mulki, shi bai kãsa ga boye 'yar'uwarsu Sophia a m sufi. Daya daga cikin shahararrun wakilan da Romanov daular, Bitrus, fi sani da Mai girma, da aka sani da isasshen heartless Sarkin sarakuna, wanda da kansa ya ayyana manufa - to sake tsara ta malotsivilizovannoy kasar a yammacin hanya.

Duk da haka, duk da wadannan m ideas, an dauke shi ne da gangan, makangari, quite wani wasa domin m gada - Ivanu Groznomu, mijin ya kakar kaka Anastasia Romanova.

Wasu masu bincike kãfirta game da kara muhimmancin Peter reorganizations da kuma janar manufofin da sarki a lokacin mulkinsa. Bitrus, suka yi imani, ya cikin sauri don cimma burin su, don haka koma da guntu hanya, ta amfani da a sau ko da a fili m hanyoyin. Kuma wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa bayan rasuwar, Rasha Empire sauri koma zuwa jihar daga abin da kawo canji Pyotr Romanov kokarin janye shi.

Ba shi yiwuwa a daya fadi karkata zuwa halin canza mutane, har ma ya gina domin ya newfound babban birnin kasar, boyars aske gyammansu, ya kai sbiralsya a kan siyasa rallies.

Duk da haka, shirin na Romanovs, da kuma musamman, da administrative garambawul, wanda ya gabatar da Bitrus nufi mai yawa ga kasar.

sabon reshe

Bayan auri Anne (na biyu ya na da Bitrus Mai girma da Catherine), dan na Swedish sarki aka aza farkon Romanov daular, wanda a zahiri juya a cikin wani irin Holstein-Gottorp. A daidai wannan lokaci, bisa ga kwangila, ɗan haife wannan aure, da kuma suka wãyi gari Bitrus III, har yanzu ya kasance wani memba na fādar.

Saboda haka, bisa ga asali dokoki, da na sarki kabila zama da aka sani Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, wanda aka nuna ba kawai a cikin iyali gashi na makamai, amma kuma a kan makamai na Rasha. Tun wannan lokacin, kursiyin da aka wuce a mike line, ba tare da wani twists. Wannan ya faru godiya ga umurninmu ya je da Paul. Yana ce da mayẽwa daga maza ta mike layin.

Bayan da kasar da aka mulki ta hanyar Paul Alexander I - farinsa ɗa, wanda ya bar 'ya'ya ba. A na biyu ya zuriya - Duke Konstantin Pavlovich - abdicated cewa, a gaskiya, ya kasance daya daga cikin Sanadin da Decembrist tawaye. A gaba sarki ne ya uku dan - Nicholas I. A general, tun lokacin Catherine Mai girma, duk magada a kan karaga, ya fara sa title na Crown Prince.

Bayan Nicholas I, kursiyin shige wa babban dan - Alexander II. A shekaru ashirin da daya da shekaru Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich mutu da tarin fuka. Saboda haka, na gaba shi ne na biyu dan - Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III, wanda aka yi nasara da babban dan da kuma na karshe Rasha gwamnan - Nicholas II. Saboda haka, daga lokacin da, daular Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp daga wannan reshe ya auku takwas sarki kirgawa da kuma Catherine girma.

karni na sha tara

A cikin XIX karni sarauta iyali ƙwarai kumbura, kuma ya karu. musamman dokokin da cewa tsara da 'yancin da wajibai na kowane daga cikin' yan uwa da aka dauka ko da. Sun kayyade, da kuma kayan al'amurran da su zama. Akwai aka ma gabatar da wani sabon suna - sarkin na sarki jini. Ya zaci ma m zuriyar m.

Tun wannan lokacin ne ya fara Romanov daular da kuma farkon karni na sha tara zuwa ga na mallaka House ya riga hada da hudu rassan a cikin mace line:

• Holstein-Gottorpovskaya.
• Leuchtenberg - zo daga 'yar Nicholas I, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, da kuma Duke na Leuchtenberg.
• Oldenburg - daga da ya aure tare da 'yar Sarkin sarakuna Paul Duke na Oldenburg.
• Mecklenburg - asali daga aure na Princess Catherine Mikhailovna da Duke na Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Juyin juya halin da kuma na mallaka House

Tun lokacin da aka farkon Romanov daular, labarin wannan iyali cike da mutuwa da kuma zubar da jini. Ba abin mamaki ba da na karshe na iyali - Nicholas II - lakabi Kazamin. Dole ne in ce cewa sarki da kansa a lokaci guda ba ya bambanta m fushi.

A zamanin karshe Rasha monarch aka alama ta m ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasar. A lokaci guda a Rasha akwai wata karuwa da zamantakewa da siyasa saba wa juna. Duk wannan ya haifar da farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi, da kuma a sakamakon - zuwa wani yunkuri na 1905-1907, sa'an nan zuwa ga Fabrairu juyin juya halin.

Rasha sarki da kuma Sarkin Poland da kuma Grand Duke na Finland - karshe Rasha Tsar na Romanov daular - hau zuwa kursiyin a 1894. Nicholas II ta Sahaban da aka bayyana a matsayin taushi da kuma sosai ilimi, m bãwa daga cikin kasar, amma a lokaci guda mai sosai m mutum.

A fili, wannan ne dalilin da naci adawa da shawarar da gogaggen jami'an a harkokin shugabanci, da cewa, a gaskiya, ya kai ga m kurakurai a cikin Romanov siyasa. Abin mamaki duqufar da soyayya na sarki wa matarsa, wanda a wasu tarihi takardun kira ko tunani unbalanced musamman, ya sa aka raunana daga gidan sararta. Tambaye ta iko an posited a matsayin kawai gaskiya.

Wannan shi ne saboda cewa matar na karshe Rasha sarki ya quite a ce ta fuskoki da dama na shugabanci. Duk da haka, ba ta miss guda damar dauki amfani da, yayin da da yawa high-ranking mutane ne a cikin wata hanya dace. Mafi yawansu ba su dauke da karshe mulki Romanov fatalist, yayin da wasu suka daga ra'ayin cewa shi ne kawai gaba daya sha'aninsu dabam da wahala su mutane.

Karshen mulkin

Jini 1917 aka zama karshe ga faltering ikon da autocrat. Yana duk ya fara ne da yakin duniya na farko da kuma ineffectiveness na siyasa na Nicholas II a cikin wannan wuya zamani domin Rasha.

Antagonists na Romanov iyali da'awar cewa a wannan lokaci na karshe monarch kawai ba zai iya ko kasa dace yi a cikin yi da zama dole siyasa da na zamantakewa da sake fasalin. A Fabrairu juyin juya halin tilasta karshe sarki har yanzu abdicate. A sakamakon haka, Nicholas II da iyalinsa da aka sanya a karkashin gidan kama a gidansa a Tsarskoye Selo.

A cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara da Romanovs mulki fiye da wata shida na duniya. Yana da aka wadãtacce, m kuma fi mai da hankali mafi Turai kasa dũkiya. Ya mai girma zamanin, wanda ya ƙare bayan da kisa da sarauta iyali, na karshe daga cikin Romanovs: Nicholas II da kuma Alexandra da su da 'ya'ya biyar. Haka ya faru a cikin ginshiki na Ipatiev gidan a Yekaterinburg a kan dare na Yuli 17, 1918.

Romanov yau

By farkon 1917, da Rasha, na mallaka Majalisar Wakilai kunshi sittin da biyar, talatin da biyu na da mallakar namiji da rabi. Mutane goma sha takwas da aka harbe da Bolsheviks a cikin lokaci daga 1918 zuwa 1919 shekaru. Haka ya faru a St. Petersburg, Alapaevsk kuma, ba shakka, a Yekaterinburg. Sauran arba'in da bakwai mutane sun gudu. A sakamakon haka, suka sami kansu a cikin zaman talala, yafi a cikin Amurka da kuma a Faransa.

A duk da wannan gagarumin ɓangare na daular yana da fiye da shekaru goma da fatan rushewar Soviet ikon da sabuntawa da Rasha daular mulkinsu. A lokacin da a Disamba 1920 Olga K. - Grand Princess - ya zama regent na Girka, ta fara daukar a cikin wannan kasa domin da yawa 'yan gudun hijira daga kasar Rasha, wanda aka je kawai jira da kuma koma gida. Duk da haka, wannan bai faru ba.

Duk da haka, da House of Romanov na dogon lokaci yana da nauyi. Haka kuma, a 1942, biyu wakilan da House aka ma miƙa kursiyin Montenegro. An ko da halitta jam'iyya, wanda ya hada da dukan masu rai mambobi na daular Qing.