A tarihin birnin Omsk: tushe kwanan wata, yanayin wuri, flag, titi

Omsk - shi ne na takwas mafi yawan birnin kasar. Shi ne mai babbar sufuri cibiya, ta hanyar abin da navigation hanyoyi a kan Kogin Irtysh da Transsiberian. Babbar sha'awa ne tarihi na birnin Omsk, da karin cewa na farko burbushi na mutum gaban a kan karkararta kasance a cikin 6th karni BC.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Omsk aka located a kudancin ɓangare na West Siberian Bayyana, a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da kogin Om da Irtysh. Da nisa zuwa mike Moscow ne 2242 km kuma har zuwa iyakar da Kazakhstan - game da 150 km. A birni ne dake a cikin 4 ga watan Shiyyar lokaci, da kuma maida hankali da wani yanki na 572 murabba'in mita. km.

sunan

Masana har yanzu jayayya a kan ko ba raguwa daga kalmar "Omsk". Tarihi da sunan birnin quite m. Akwai version cewa shi ne hada da farko haruffa da kalmomi a cikin jumla "wuri mai nĩsa gudun hijira laifin." Duk da haka, mafi masu bincike ganin dangane da sunan Om River. A ni'imar na biyu version ne da cewa wannan wuri suna bayyana tun kafin su bayyana a Omsk jails ga laifin.

Fage zuwa fitowan da Omsk

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da farko mutane sun zauna a wannan yanki a cikin Stone Age. Wannan ne evidenced da yawa artefacts samu a lokacin archaeological excavations a kan ƙasa na Omsk filin ajiye motoci. Don canza su a cikin Neolithic zo wakilan sauran more ci gaba da al'adunsu, mallakan ma'adanin kumar kasko, kuma daga baya shi matabbaci kabilu, rasa kakin tagulla, da ake kira Androns. Su burials da aka samu a wurin da zarar an located Omsk sansanin soja, da kuma a cikin abin da yake a yanzu da Museum of titi. Sa'an nan, a 12 km daga bakin Omi irmentsami shi da aka bisa shiri, dade kamar 10 zuwa 8 karni BC. e. Wadannan mazaunan wadannan wurare sun zama kulaytsy, kuma daga baya suka maye gurbinsu da Huns suka yi hijira daga Baikal yankin.

A tushe na Omsk sansanin soja

A cikin marigayi 16th karni Oirat gida, yawan, wanda Rasha da huldar jakadanci da aka kafa, a bisa Omi tambayi birnin kare shi daga hare-hare Hotogoytskogo Khanate. Duk da haka, a 1620-1630-ies halin da ake ciki ya canza. A musamman oyravy, na kunshe a cikin Jungar khanate kansu fara ta da mazaunan Tarski County. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa gida gwamnan a shekarar 1627 ya aika da manzanni zuwa ga babban birnin kasar tare da bukatar da tushe stockade a bakin Om. Ko da yake kowa da kowa fahimci bukatar irin wannan mataki, da yanayi na dogon lokaci da ya hana ta aiwatar. Lokacin da Bitrus da Great karkashin jagorancin Kanar Ivana Buhgoltsa aka sanye take balaguro, wanda gina wani sansani a kan lake Yamishevskay. Ta bayyanar da aka sani maƙiya Dzhungars wanda kewaye da Rasha Fort, kuma bayan da balaguro bar shi, kone. Duk da haka Ivan Buhgolts bai daina kuma, za bakin Om, ya kafa wani sabon sansanin soja. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wannan taron ya faru 4-5 May 1716 a cikin tsohon style, wanda ke nufin cewa tushe ranar Omsk - on 16 May. Duk da cewa, domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata da City Day ne bikin ranar farko Lahadi watan Agusta.

18th karni

Babban taron na wannan lokaci ya gina wani dutse sansanin soja a cikin shekaru 50. Asalinsu wannan gini an kuma tsara don zama mafi muhimmanci kufaifan aiki a cikin gabashin Rasha Empire. Saboda m gobara wanda ya tashi a kusa da birnin ya kerata sau da yawa, sau da yawa haphazardly. A 1785, daga al'amarin Empress Catherine II aka amince da gashi na makamai na birnin Omsk, wanda, tare da wasu gyare-gyare da ake amfani a yau.

karni na 19th

A tarihin birnin Omsk daga tushe ne nasaba, zaman talala, da laifin. A musamman, akwai aka kõre Decembrists N. Basargin, N. Chizhov, V. Steingel da yawa wasu.

A cikin karni na 19th Omsk zama administrative cibiyar na farko West Siberian gwamnan-general, da kuma bayan - Steppe. A 1850-1854 gg. da na gida kurkuku a kurkuku mai girma Rasha marubuci F. M. Dostoevsky. Ya bar wani m shaida na rayuwa a cikin birnin a lokacin da ta tarihi, wanda za a iya samu a shafukan da littafin "House of Matattu."

A 1894-1895 gg. ta cikin gari ya wuce Transsiberian. Wannan taron yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban Omsk. Ya juya shi a cikin wata babbar kai cibiya a kudancin Siberia, kuma akwai suka fara samar cinikayya da masana'antu.

Farkon karni na 20th

Zuwan da masana'antu da kamfanonin da manyan jirgin kasa daffo kai ga samuwar neman sauyi da'irori. A 1905, Omsk halarci taro rallies su goyi bayan babban birnin kasar na proletariat.

A karshen shekara ta 1914 a cikin Hungarian sojojin POWs fara yi na Office na reluwe, da kuma ruwa Omsk da aka bude a 'yan watanni baya.

A juyin juya halin Musulunci events in Petrograd sauri samu amsa kuwwar daga cikin ma'aikatan birnin. Da zaran sabuwar gwamnatin da kuma Red Guards aka kafa. A lokaci guda a cikin da dama yunkurin yi zãluncin rarraba jama'a, a lokacin da titunan Omsk ya zama yaki da matsayi. Daya daga cikin mafi wuya lokaci a cikin tarihi na birnin da aka biyu da rabi na 1918. Tuni a cikin tsakiyar lokacin rani Omsk aka bar ta Bolsheviks, kuma shi matabbaci da ake kira gwamnatin rikon kwaryar kasar, wanda ya shiga AV Kolchak. Saboda haka, a lokacin yakin basasa, birnin kuwa shi ne babban birnin kasar na White Rasha.

A Soviet lokaci

A 1921 akwai wani taron, ba hanya mafi kyau shafi ci gaban birnin: ayyuka na Siberian administrative cibiyar da aka canjawa wuri Novonikolayevsk, wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna a Novosibirsk. A halin da ake ciki canza kawai bayan da yaki. A shekarar 1947, Omsk gano a cikin administrative da kuma tattalin arziki 'yancin kai na cibiyar tare da kansa takamaiman kasafin kudin da dangana ga category na biranen Republican karkashi. Juya birnin a cikin wata babbar masana'antu hedkwatarsu da ya taimaka da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin barkewar akwai aka kwashe, da yawa masana'antu ƙattin na Turai bangare na kasar. A sakamakon haka, mun dogara ne roba roba shuka da kuma mai matatar mai. A tsawon lokaci, hankali kumbura, zuwa ga birnin iyaka, sabon titi Omsk. Herzen Bogdan Khmelnitsky da sauransu, kazalika da irin su yankunan garin Oilers.

A tarihin birnin Omsk: 21st karni

A farkon sabuwar Millennium aka alama ta tattalin arziki da matsaloli, wanda tushen sun kasance a cikin abin da ake kira kõfatansu a kan duwatsu nineties. Duk da haka, birnin ya samu nasarar shawo kan mafiya yawa daga gare su a yau ya nuna m muhimmancin ci gaba a yankunan da yawa.

A shekara ta 2002, an amince da zamani gashi na makamai na birnin Omsk. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi yayi kama da Catherine, amma kara da tsohon dagi siffatawa a cikin nau'i na zinariya oak rassan dagane Aleksandrov tef.

Yanzu ka san tarihi na birnin Omsk. Tabbata a ziyarci shi da kuma ganin da yawa jan hankali, daga cikinsu da abubuwa da suke da karkashin kariyar UNESCO.