Abin da tambayoyi an amsa gerund? Gerund - misalai. Kalma-adverbial participle

A tsarin da Rasha harshen, tare da m da hukuma sassa na magana , akwai abin da ake kira musamman siffofin fi'ili, wanda da yawa, masana ilimin harsuna jayayya. Wasu daga cikin su ce cewa morphological fasali na sacrament da gerunds za a iya nuna a cikin gagarumin sassa, yayin da wasu jayayya da cewa shi ne ma babban dogaro da wadannan siffofin daga fi'ili, sabili da haka ba wanda shi kadai ba za a dauke. Ko ta wani hanya, amma a wata makaranta shirin da ake kira da gerund nau'i na fi'ili mufuradi canzawa, wanda yana da darajar da ƙarin ayyuka, kuma nahawu fasali na fi'ili da kuma yar bab. Don ƙayyade ko da wani kalma a cikin mahallin da wannan sosai musamman form, ya kamata ka san abin da tambayoyi an amsa gerund. A wannan yanayin, "Abin da ke yin?" ko "Abin da ya yi?" Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a mayar da martani ga wadannan tambayoyi, kalmar ya zama karin zuwa predicate, wato, don nuna yadda babban mataki faruwa a cikin jumla.

ãyõyin fi'ili

Saboda participle aka kafa daga fi'ili da kuma shi ne na musamman nau'i, yana da muhimmi na wannan magana, morphological halaye. Na farko, da siffan: shi yana iya zama cikakke kuma ajizai ne, dangane da ko da cikawa na mataki ko ba samuwa. Ga misali: look (CB) da kuma neman (PDR). Abu na biyu, wannan shi ne tsaka-tsakin: gerund ne fi'ili, tare da mika mulki form za a iya amfani ba tare da wani bigire da sunan bangare na jawabin a cikin genitive harka - idan sun ƙaryata - kuma a cikin nominative da accusative a approving. Misali: a gina dangantaka. A gerund mara tsallakawa, misalai na wanda sukan samu a jawabin, ko da yaushe yi amfani da prepositions. Ga misali: ceto, da jin dadin rãnã.

ãyõyin adverbs

Domin sanin morphological halaye kamar irin waɗanda na wani yar bab, shi wajibi ne don tuna abin da tambayoyi an amsa gerund. Alal misali, zan tsaya a window, neman (cewa yin duka biyu?) Away. Daga misali a fili ya nuna cewa kalmar nuna duka biyu peering mataki da ta ãyã dogara a kan babban fi'ili a cikin jumla da kuma abubuwa a matsayin yanayi. Sauran morphological dabiu halayyar mai zaman kanta bangare na jawabin, kamar tseren, fuska, lokaci da kwanan wata, shi ne ba, domin shi marar sakewa ne.

participle imperfective

A cikin nazarin wannan topic musamman hankali ya kamata a bai wa abin da tambayoyi an amsa gerund daban-daban. Alal misali, ajizai gerunds al'amari lokaci guda aikata ƙarin matakai don haka da cewa kayyade predicate, kuma ya amsa wannan tambaya "Me ke yin?". Ga misali: tsaye a kan benci, ya fitar da kofin daga saman shiryayye.

Kafa a kan tushen da wannan gerundive NSV fi'ilai a halin yanzu siga ta amfani da suffixes -a- ko -ya-. An togiya ne ya zama kalmar da aka tuba zuwa ga wani na musamman nau'i na kari na baya baki -uchi-. A wasu lokuta -uchi- da -yuchi- amfani na musamman ga sami stylistically canza launin gerund. Misalai zama - kamar yadda Playing - effortlessly.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa, ba duk imperfective fi'ilai iya samar da tushen ga gerunds. A ilimin da aka ba da hannu lexical raka'a ƙare a -ch, -nut, kazalika da tsakinta a cikin wata kalma da kuma dalilin ne kawai na baƙaƙe. Ga misali: makera, bushe, rubuta, sha.

Gerunds cikakken tsari

Yana da muhimmanci a san abin da tambayoyi an amsa gerund cikakken tsari da kuma yadda aka kafa, tun da wadannan dokoki za su taimaka wajen samar da ake so siffar da kalmar. Tambaya gerunds CB ne: "Abin da ya yi?" Irin wannan kalmomi suna da muhimmanci ayyuka da cewa ya faru kafin kayyade predicate. Ga misali: tsaye a kan benci, ya ɗauki ƙoƙon daga saman shiryayye.

Gerunds generated data daga tushe na perfective fi'ilai a baya siga da taimakon dangane da wadannan suffixes:

• -B- idan tushe fi'ili ƙare a wani wasali (yin, tun jefa kashe ta wurin share).
• -vshi- idan fi'ili ne a samu da kuma karkashi ƙare a kan wani wasali (glanced daki a kan ganin).
• -shi- idan tushe ƙare a wani baƙi (rasa, boye).

Participles da gerunds: bambanci

Yana da muhimmanci kada ya gauraye tambaya na sacrament da gerunds da kuma koyi rarrabe tsakanin wadannan fi'ilai. A gaskiya, babu wani abu hadaddun nan. Domin yadda ya kamata sanin siffar a cikin abin da kalmar amfani kamata ku tuna abin da Tambayoyin gerunds (abin da ya yi yin?), Kuma wanda - a tarayya (Abin da ya yi? Abin da ya yi?). Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, wadannan siffofi biyu ne gaba daya daban-daban morphological siffofin da darajar. Saboda haka, misali, tarayya ya nuna yadda ake gudanar da pronounced ãyõyi siffa, yayin da gerund kirga kari matakai.

Morphological bincike na gerunds

Daya daga cikin manyan jigogi a cikin binciken na Rasha harshen sashe na gerund ne morphological analysis daga cikin siffofin na fi'ili. Kafin a ci gaba da bincike bayar a cikin tsari da ya kamata a sanya a sami wani nau'in tushe da kuma gerund. Don wannan karshen, bisa ga nahawu tushe kiwata tambayoyi. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu abin da wuya. Sanin cewa gerund amsa tambayoyi (misalai da aka jera a sama), ya nuna da ƙarin sakamako na wani abu ko wani mutum ake maganarsu a cikin tsari su ayyana shi kawai. Bugu da ari, an rubuta da kuma ci gaba da bincike.

Morphological analysis yi da wadannan makirci:

1. Rubuta saukar da sunan harshen, ta nahawu ma'anar da ma'ana tambaya cewa shi za a iya kawota daga babban kalma.
2. Record da farko siffar gerundive da jerin ta morphological halaye, wato: da irin gerundive (m ko ajizai) da komawa.
3. Bugu da ari, ya kamata a lura da cewa parses da kalmar ne canzawa form, kuma haka yana da wani m morphological haruffa.
4. A karshe, ya nuna yadda tsari ne memba na gerund a cikin wannan harka.