Abin da teku ne a kan Antarctica? Sauyin yanayi da kuma yanayin kasa na Antarctica

A wannan labarin, za mu so ka yi magana game da Antarctica - da rasa nahiyar m, located in kudu na Duniya. Bari mu ga abin da wannan m nahiyar. Abin da teku ne a kan Antarctica? Kuma abin da ke cikin yanayi na nahiyar?

Menene ruwayen da suke kewaye da Antarctica?

An fara wani zance game da nahiyar, shi wajibi ne su fahimci abin da tekuna da suke kewaye da Antarctica, domin shi ne su kwarara da kuma shigar da waɗanda yanayin damina a cikin abin da aka located.

Ina son in jaddada cewa cibiyar na nahiyar ne wajen daidaita da Kudu iyakacin duniya (Gwargwadon). Coast na Antarctica wanke ta uku teku: Pacific, India da kuma Atlantic. Unofficially, suna tattare wuri guda a cikin Southern Ocean. Babu shakka, a cikin labarin kasa ba za ka samu irin wannan abu.

Antarctica hada kansa ɓangaren duniya da kuma kewaye tsibiran, da wani yanki na fiye da goma sha huɗu da murabba'in kilomita miliyan.

kudancin teku

Mamaki da abin da tekuna da suke kewaye da Antarctica, an fahimci cewa su ulterior muradi ne a hade a cikin guda naúrar (Biyar Ocean). Suka gaske m zobe kewaye da babban yankin.

Da rabo daga cikin duniya ta teku - shi ne mai hadaddun aiwatar da cewa an yi karatu shekaru da dama kafin ya zama zai yiwu in yi magana da hudu aka gyara (Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, kuma Arctic). Hakika, da iyakoki na irin manyan ruwa da talakawa ba za su ciyar da wata guda marar sakewa fasalin. Kuma haka bai zama ba, ayyana ta hadin kan matakai da ya faru a cikin wannan yankin na hydrosphere. An muhimmiyar rawa aka buga a nan da kuma siffar da bakinta kuma teku ƙasa, da kuma wasu dalilai.

By nazarin abin da tekuna da suke kewaye da Antarctica, masana kimiyya sun zo a tacit yanke shawarar ci su a cikin guda - ta Kudu. Biyar (Kudu) teku ne babbar. Ya cikakken nazari ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo domin ba haka ba ne sauki su fahimci yanayin da ta zama.

The taimako na Kudancin Ocean kasa ne sosai hadaddun kuma na musamman. Babban alama ne cewa wasu daga cikin nahiyar lura da m zurfin. Da nisa daga shiryayye ne ɗari da hamsin kilomita. Bayan da irin wannan m zurfin, mai kaifi drop.

A general, teku bene kusa da nahiyar ne mai babbar uku dimples a babban zurfin. Su suna da alaka a guda zobe kusa da Antarctica. Yana da aka dauke mafi girma zurfin 8252 mita, amma daga baya samu cikin Sonar zurfin 8590 mita, wanda aka kira da kwarin Byrd.

sauyin yanayi na Antarctica

Antarctica - mafi mũnin nahiyar a duniya. A da karkararta da iska zazzabi taba sama misãlin. Amma ba ko da yaushe. A Mesozoic lokaci, da sauyin yanayi na dukan duniya da aka wetter da warmer. Kuma Antarctica a lokacin da aka sosai kusa da ekweita a kan ta wurare masu zafi da gandun daji. Amma tun sa'an nan shi ya kasance ga miliyoyin shekaru, da kuma samu kansa a cikin babban yankin subpolar zone da ya kai ga glaciation na nahiyar. Wannan taron ba kawai canza da sauyin yanayi na Antarctica, amma shi ne dalilin da sanyaya dukan kudancin yammancin duniya. Bugu da kari, da ya bace wurare masu zafi teku kira Tethys, wanda warmed shi tare da su dumi ruwa. Kuma a kusa da Arctic sanyi kafa swirling kwarara, wanda ya shafi cikin Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean. Akwai ya kasance mai yawa matakai cewa sun haifar da wani janar da sanyaya sakamako a kan Earth, sabõda haka, da garin kankara iyakacin duniya yankuna, kafa wani sanyi hamada yankunan. A sauyin yanayi ya zama matsananci da bushe.

A yanayi na nahiyar bel

Antarctica aka located in biyu climatic zones kira subantarctic da Antarctic. A wasu wurare a arewacin ƙarshen Antarctic Larabawa iya zama temperate zone. Kawai babu rabuwa da iyakacin duniya a dare da rana, amma yanayi ne har yanzu sosai tsanani.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Antarctic zone bautarka kusan dukan nahiyar. Nahiyar gaba ɗaya rufe kankara takardar, wanda kauri ne wani lokacin kai 4.5 kilomita. Shi ne saboda wannan, Antarctica yana dauke da mafi nahiyar. Ice shi ne tushen wanzuwar nahiyar. Ya zama ƙarƙashin ba kawai da sauyin yanayi amma kuma cikin yanayin kasa na Antarctica. Ice talakawa gani up to casa'in cikin dari na hasken rana, saboda wannan nahiyar ya taba warmed da rana. A nahiyar sauyin yanayi yankunan shi ne na musamman mai tsanani, zazzabi da aka saukar da zuwa -64 digiri a iyakacin duniya dare zamani, da kuma a lokacin rani da shi za a iya sa a kusa da -32. tsananin iska daga zurfin da babban yankin.

A arewa na Antarctic Larabawa ne subantarctic bel. A nan, da yanayin rayuwa kadan softer. A lokacin rani da zazzabi iya zama ko da dan kadan sama sifili. Ice zanen gado ba kamar yadda m, da kuma wani lokacin bude dutsen a kan abin da akwai lichens da kuma mosses. Duk da haka, da tasiri na ciki yankuna na nahiyar ne don haka babban abin da ya fi karfinsu quite yanayi na mutane.

Antarctic zone

Meteorological lura da za'ayi a babban yankin, damar ware halayyar climatic zones na Antarctica.

Alal misali, sashi na babban tudu, wanda aka halin low zafin jiki da kuma yanayin yanayi a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu aka ba musamman canza. The iska ne musamman bushe. Yanayi ne ya lura sosai da wuya, sa'an nan kawai a cikin nau'i na lu'ulu'u ne.

Zone Antarctic gangara halin da tsananin iska duk shekara zagaye, da nauyi hazo a cikin nau'i na blizzards.

Amma bakin teku yanki daban-daban climatic bambancin. Ga can ne rashin zaman lafiya na yanayin, wanda shi ne m kusanci na kankara gefen nahiyar da dumi teku ruwa. Dukan bakin tekun yankin ke fama da iska. A lokacin rani da yawan zafin jiki yakan ko har zuwa lamba, yana yiwuwa don tsayar da m narkewa na kankara.

rugujewa kankara zone ne dake tsakanin babban yankin tudu da iyo kankara. A yanayi ne m yanayin da iskar sharply canza iska, guguwa sau da yawa faruwa.

Arctic bude yankin halin da babu ruwa kuma kankara a wannan low zazzabi teku hasken rana zafi wuya ratsa a nan, saboda sama da yake a ɓõye mai yawa girgije.

tsirin Antarctica

A babban ɓangare na nahiyar - shi ne wani kankara hamada, lokaci alama sun tsaya a cikin Antarctic. Yana rasa ba kawai da shuka, amma kuma fauna da mutum gaban. Tsire-tsire da za a iya samu ne kawai a kan nahiyar ribace-ribace da kuma a kan tsibirin. Dũkiya bambanta kawai ruwa tasa.

Daga shuke-shuke za a iya samu a nan lichens, mosses, kwayoyin, fungi, algae ƙananan. A mafi girma dũkiya daga daban-daban lichens, tare da fiye da ɗari uku jinsunan. Sun hadu a kan kankara-free ƙasar yankunan. Mosses ne yanzu a kan tsibirin, forming ko peat (80 jinsunan).

A sauki microscopic algae rayuwa a lokacin rani a cikin tafkunan da kankara da zanen gado a cikin dumi sunshine. Su jari kayan kore, ja, rawaya ne sosai haske aibobi. Mazauna na algae kamar real kore Lawn.

Amma flowering shuke-shuke a cikin babban yankin samu. Da dama daga cikin jinsin su ne ba kawai a kan Antarctic Larabawa.

Animals na Antarctica

Antarctica ba mai arziki a cikin ƙasa, dabbobi, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kullum ba hadu cikin sauki tsutsotsi, wingless da crustaceans. Ruwa tare kifi an bã zaunannu ba. Known dogara kawai biyu jinsunan tsuntsaye nesting a kan tsibirin.

Marine fauna ne sosai aukaka. India, Pacific da kuma Atlantic teku ne mafi m ga habitation fiye da matsananci kankara surface na nahiyar. Na musamman sha'awa ne babbar size na jellyfish, kai daya ɗari da hamsin kilo nauyi. Mafi yawa daga cikin kifi kasance a cikin wadan. Amma dabbobi masu shayarwa, shi ne gida da yawa Whales da pinnipeds. Daban-daban jinsunan like da ake samu a bangarori daban-daban: daya zaba da rugujewa kankara, da sauran - gyarawa. Elephant fi son Coast na tsibirin, a halin yanzu yawan wannan nau'in ya auku muhimmanci.

A cikin ruwan Antarctica, gida mafi girma da dabbobi masu shayarwa - Whales: sei Whales, humpback Whales, filafilin kifi Whales, blue Whales. Tsawon daga cikin mafi girma da irin wannan halitta ta kashe whalers, shekara talatin da uku mita. A tsakiyar karni na ashirin da akwai wani dakushe yawan Whales daga su ba bisa doka ba kama. Dalili na da ikon wadannan babbar dabba akwai kananan crustaceans, wanda suna da yawa a cikin sanyi teku ruwa.

Avian duniya nahiyar

Bird duniya na babban yankin ne sosai peculiar. Birds rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwa, ciyar a kan kananan kifi da marine wakilan. Mafi shahara a cikinsu - yana da penguins, da fuka-fuki na wanda sun fi kamar flippers. Su ne mai girma ga iyo, kuma haka ba su iya tashi. Suka ciyar a kan mollusks, crustaceans da kuma kifi. A Antarctica, rayuwar goma sha bakwai jinsunan penguins. The most of su - na mallaka, yin la'akari har zuwa hamsin kilo. Wannan sabon abu kaji fitarwa da kuma tãyar da su matasa a cikin yanayi mai wahala da kuma a lokaci guda quite dadi Feel.

maimakon wani epilogue

M yanayin damina ya sa da dama daga abubuwan da wani tasiri a kan Flora da fauna, yin shi quite yawa, tun kowane mai rai kwayoyin ne iya daidaita da rayuwa a cikin irin wannan matsananci yanayi.