Abubuwar kwayoyin halitta da rawar da take takawa a cikin abun da ke ciki a duniya da kuma halittu

Dukan duniya da ke kewaye da mu - abu da na ruhaniya, rayayyu da marasa rai - an kira shi a cikin kalma guda - yanayi, mahaifiyar kome a duniya da kewaye da shi. Abu mafi muhimmanci na duniya na duniya shine halitta. A abun da ke ciki na biosphere hada da, da farko, duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, daga protozoa, kwayoyin, da kuma kawo karshen tare da wani hadadden tsarin a matsayin mutum, kuma abu na biyu, da ake kira planetary abu kafa ta hulda da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma matattun yanayi.

Saboda haka, yanayin halitta ya kunshi:

• Abinda ke rayuwa (a cikin cikakkiyar ma'anar, ma'anar ma'ana);,
• gina jiki (da sakamakon da aiki na kwayoyin - mai ci, iskar gas, peat, da dai sauransu).
• Matsalar ciki (meteorites suna fitowa daga sararin samaniya, dutsen da aka zubar da su a fili a lokacin tsawan tsaunuka, dandamali na duniya, da dai sauransu);
• Wani abu mai kwayar halitta - wani samfurori na tasiri na rayuwa da kwayar halitta (iska, ruwa, ƙasa).

Maganin kwayar halitta, kamar yadda aka bayyana, abu ne na biospheric wanda yayi kira akan sakamakon aikin rayuwa da yanayi marar kyau. Alal misali, taki shine samfurin saura wanda samfurori ya samar ta hanyar amfani da sarrafa kayan abinci. Wani mutum ya ƙara shi a ƙasa kamar taki. Bayan sunadarai sunadarai, taki ya juya cikin humus. Yana dabam kamar yadda da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, da kuma ta sinadaran dabara.

Bioinert abu na biosphere - gona, duwatsu, da ruwa ne m da kuma sabo ruwa dauke a cikin halitta ruwaye.

An yi amfani da kalmar "biosphere" ta farko a karni na 18 ta hanyar Lamarck mai suna Lamarck. Kuma masanin ilimin binciken asalin Austrian Suess da masanin kimiyya na Rasha Vernadsky sun ba da shekaru fiye da ɗaya na rayuwa don nazarin wannan ɓangaren harsashin duniya. A cikin view, da biosphere ya samo asali ta hanyar juyin halitta ba, da kuma ta tuki karfi Vernadsky ĩmãni biochemical makamashi na rai al'amari, rai al'amari. Kuma shi ne aiki na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, Yanã halitta abin da canza a farfajiya na Duniya harsashi. A kwayoyin kansu, kuma abin da suka nuna a cikin shakka daga ransa, zama wani gagarumin ma'aunan kasa liba bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da halakar kankara a duniya, da sake zagayowar kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi, da canza ruwa da kuma iska a kusa da harsashi na duniya tamu, cewa shi ne, a gaskiya, Ƙaddamar da lithosphere, ta saman yadudduka. A cikin wadannan matakai kwayoyin halitta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Bayan haka, yanayin ƙasa da ruwa na ruwa ya dogara, a hanyoyi da dama, akan "aikin" abubuwa masu rai, da kuma kullun ƙwayoyin burodi, gyare-gyaren yanayi - daga tafiyar matakai. Matakan haɓaka na duka biyu, haɗayarsu tana samar da kwayar halitta tare da makamashin biogeochemical.

Ana iya jaddada cewa abu mai kwayar halitta yana da tsari mai mahimmanci. Amma tushen asalin ma'adinai, duk da haka, an sami canji mafi karfi a jikin ɓangarorin halittu (abun da ke ƙasa, ruwa, iska). Wadannan samfurori sun hada da burbushin halittu irin su shale, ma'auni, man fetur, laka, da dai sauransu, wanda shine samfurin karshe na lalata da kuma aiki na shuke-shuke da dabbobi da kwayoyin cutar. Sabili da haka, an kiyasta abu mai kwayar halitta a matsayin samfurin kira na rayuwa da marasa rayuwa a yanayin.

Halittun kwayoyin halittu sun kasance a cikin yanayin tsarin da ke hulɗa da juna. Sakamakon su shine haɗin kai na rayuwa, kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta da marasa lafiya, inert. Lokacin da kewayar motsa jiki ya auku a tsarin tsarin halitta, ba su koma jihar asalin su a jihar ba, amma suna kan sabon sa, wato. Ci gaba da cigaba.

Hakanan, tsarin kwayoyin halittu na duniya suna samar da tsabtace halitta. Jinsin da yawan rayayyun halittu masu rai a cikinta an ƙaddara su ta hanyar mazauni, da kuma musayar abubuwa da makamashi da suka fito. Irin wannan yanayin yanayin shi ne yanayin halitta na duniya.