Artificial pancreas: a review

Pathology na ciwon sukari mellitus (DM) yana dauke da wani sosai na kowa cuta alaka take hakkin da endocrine tsarin. Da cutar ba kawai entails canje-canje a carbohydrate metabolism, amma kuma fraught tare da tsanani da rikitarwa. Har ila yau, da ciwon sukari kidaya daga cikin abubuwan da haddasa ci gaban da kullum cardiac pathologies. An sani cewa zuciya rashin cin nasara - quite wani hatsari cutar. Sau da yawa da shi take kaiwa zuwa zuciya rashin cin nasara, tawaya da kuma rage ingancin rayuwa.

Ciwon sukari mellitus tasowa saboda insufficiency na endocrine pancreas, ko rage nama juriya. A sakamakon haka, insulin an daina samar da shigar da jini. Wannan hormone ake bukata don musayar carbohydrates, musamman glucose.

Babban hatsari ga lafiya ne Type 1 ciwon sukari ne halin da sosai insulin mugunya. Mafi sau da yawa da shi ya auku a wani wuri shekaru (samartaka), don haka da sauri take kaiwa zuwa lalata da juyayi nama, jijiyoyin bugun gini endothelium, nephrotoxicity, kuma retinopathy.

A kan 'yan shekarun nan, ƙara ya fara bayyana game da ci gaban da wannan sabuwar dabara a matsayin wucin gadi pancreas. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, irin wannan na'urar za ma sauƙaƙe zama da marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari.

Abin da wani wucin gadi pancreas?

Pancreas nufin da gabobin na narkewa kamar tsarin. Its main nufi - wajen samar da enzymes zama dole ga assimilation abinci a cikin hanjinsu. Bugu da kari, da pancreas yana da wani endocrine part. Yana saki hormones - glucagon, somatostatin, insulin. A hali na take hakkin da karshe kayayyakin ci gaba da irin 1 ciwon sukari. An wucin gadi pancreas - a na'urar da wanda dole ne a da za'ayi samar da insulin a cikin jini. Wannan inji ne mai gina-in inji cewa ya yi aikin aiki na lalace sashin jiki.

Ginshikai na mataki canza pancreas

Inji na wucin gadi pancreas yana da biyu related sunadaran. Farko - wannan shi ne wani insulin famfo. Yana da aka kirkiro a baya, kuma ƙwarai yuwuwa rayuwar marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus. Wannan na'urar ne a tafki, wanda yana dauke da short-aiki insulin.

An sani cewa marasa lafiya da ganewar asali "ciwon sukari" dole kullum lissafi da adadin carbohydrates ci abinci da kuma hormone subcutaneously gudanar da kowane abinci liyafar. Don kauce wa wannan, shi da aka yi insulin famfo. Ya ƙunshi isasshen insulin, wanda aka saki a cikin jini da kanka, da cewa shi ne, ba tare da injections. Bugu da kari, da miyagun ƙwayoyi dauke a cikin famfo, isa ga 'yan kwanaki.

Na biyu inji shi ne samuwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani wucin gadi "sashin jiki" - wani jini glucose mita. Ya bambanta da insulin famfo, wannan na'urar ba shukakkun karkashin haƙuri ta fata. Yana ake bukata domin manufar sa idanu da jini glucose matakin. Dukansu aka ƙirƙira inji bayyana a baya. Bambanci tsakanin wannan na'urar ne cewa shi da alaka da 2 na'urar. Bugu da kari, yana aiki offline. Lokacin amfani insulin famfo na bukatar wani haƙuri gudanar ci gaba da auna darajar glucose da kuma lissafi da kashi daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi. A wucin gadi pancreas zai taimaka wajen taimaka da marasa lafiya daga wannan takalifi.

A siffa daga cikin firtsi ne cewa kula da tsarin da aka kai tsaye alaka zuwa wani insulin famfo. Wannan dabarar da aka kira "rufaffiyar madauki tsarin". Domin da na'urar yin aiki yadda ya kamata, shi na samar da iko da wani gogaggen sana'a wanda ke da ikon saka idanu aiki na na'urar mugun. Godiya ga wannan sabuwar dabara, da rayuwa da marasa lafiya da 1st irin ciwon sukari, ba zai bambanta daga m mutane. Lalle ne, da sabuwar dabara ne iya cikakken mayar da lalace sashin jiki.

The ayyuka na wucin gadi pancreas

Babban manufar da sabuwar dabara na "jiki" da aka dauke su motsa jiki da iko a kan metabolism na carbohydrates. Yadda aka saba, wannan aiki da aka yi da da hormone insulin. A DM da irin 1, wannan ilimin aiki abu ne ba samar da pancreas. Saboda haka hormone dole ka shigar da jini daga waje. Don kawo rai ga marasa lafiya da al'ada zama, shi da aka kirkiro wani wucin gadi sashin jiki. Babban fasali na na'ura hada da:

1. Constant saka idanu na jini sugar matakan. The ji aka yi da kansa kowane minti 5.
2. A gabatarwar da short-aiki insulin daga famfo a hyperglycemia. Rasit na hormone a cikin jini kamata a da za'ayi ci gaba, musamman a cikin yin amfani da abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ta jiki danniya.
3. Wanda bai yankẽwa iko na'urar for hada aiki na mita da kuma wani insulin famfo.

Akwai kuma inji ta ayyuka kamata hada da rage hadarin ci gaba da ciwon sukari da rikitarwa da kuma inganta ingancin rayuwa ga marasa lafiya.

Tarihi na wucin gadi pancreas: cigaban da sabuwar dabara,

Ganin yadda azumi magani ne canza ga mafi alhẽri, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa ya kamata nan da ganin wata na'urar da cewa shi ne iya canja gaba daya rayuwar marasa lafiya fama da insulin-dogara da ciwon sukari. Abin baƙin ciki, duk da ci gaban dasawa, don magance matsalar da maye gurbin da haƙuri ta jiki zuwa wani m pancreas ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Amma duk da haka ta 2014 da ya zama sananne game da ci gaban da kayan aiki, iya tabbatar da carbohydrate metabolism ba tare da m tiyata. A wancan lokaci, masana kimiyya da a karon farko ya bayyana game da yiwuwar samar da wani na'urar da cewa zai maye gurbin pancreas. Binciken da aka gudanar a ana kasashen da dama. A cewar sanarwar mu'ujiza fasahar developers, wucin gadi pancreas zai riga nema a 2018. Idan likitoci lissafinta daidai, sa'an nan a nan gaba ciwon sukari zai gushe ya zama daya daga cikin mummunan cututtuka, wanda ya dauke ya zuwa yanzu.

Gwajinsu da sabuwar dabara

Domin shekaru biyu, ta gudanar da manyan bincike da damar a nan gaba to saka a cikin yi a na'urar, kamar wani wucin gadi pancreas. Za ka ga na'urar, bisa ga bincike na jami'ar Virginia, a shekara ta 2018. A farko-manyan sikelin asibiti fitina da aka tsara don gwada na'urar, aiki a kan manufa da "rufaffiyar madauki." A halin yanzu da kimantawa da tasiri na na'urar.

Reviews na masana kimiyya da kuma likitoci game da sabuwar dabara

Learning da kuma ci gaban mu'ujjiza na fasahar hannu masana kimiyya daga da yawa manyan cibiyoyin diabetology. A cewar likitoci, da na'urar zai zama daya daga cikin manyan ci gaba a magani.