Battle na Kerch Larabawa: shirin gudanar da matakai

Battle na Kerch Larabawa ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan m na Red Army a farko mataki na Great Patriotic War. Ta aka gudanar a cikin matsananci yanayi. A sakamakon gazawar da aiki aka fallasa matsaloli na Soviet Army da Navy, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a kauce wa kuskure a nan gaba. Up zuwa Allied landings a Normandy Battle na Kerch Larabawa ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi m.

prehistory

Crimea zama ya fara a 1941. By farkon kaka, da Wehrmacht kama kusan dukan ƙasa na Ukrainian SSR. Bayan fadowa Kiev fatan m bace. Kamar yadda a cikin "tukunya" wani babban bangare na m sojojin na dukan gaban. Yana fara tattara zuwa gabas. A watan Satumba, da Jamus sun riga a kan hanyoyin da Crimea. Da muhimmancin da sashin daidai gane da jam'iyyun biyu. Da fari dai, shi na samar da iko a kan mafi ɓangare na Black Sea. Musamman saboda fluctuating Turkey. Wanne, ko da goyan bayan da uku Reich, amma yaki bai shiga.

Larabawa ma yana da kyau iska tushe. Yana yana tare da shi tashi Soviet kai harin, wanda aka yi amfani da dabarun iska buga a kan Romanian rijiyoyin man fetur. Saboda haka, a kan Satumba 26 da Wehrmacht tafi a kan m kan Isthmus. Kasa da wata daya baya da sashin ya kusan gama ci da yaƙi. Soviet sojojin tafi a kan Taman. Akwai kawai Sevastopol, wanda jaruntakar tsaro ne har yanzu faruwa. A wannan lokaci, yakin da Kerch Larabawa da aka haife shi a Stavka.

horo

A sakamakon janyewar daga Crimea, kawai wurin da aka da juriya Sevastopol. City gudanar da jaruntakar tsaro, duk da cikakken blockage na duniya, da kuma kawai wani m samar da teku. Jamus sun dauka 'yan hadari, amma su duka tabbatar m. Saboda haka, kwamandan rundunar sojan Group Manstein yanke shawarar kewaye. Don kewaye da wata babbar agglomeration dauki kusan dukkan rundunar soja. A daidai wannan Kerch Ferry kare daya kawai rabo daga cikin Wehrmacht.

Battle na Kerch Larabawa ci gaba da Janar Kozlov. Domin ta ganin haɗuwar jama'a biyu, da hannu. A cikin makonni biyu, jagorancin Janar Kozlov ɓullo da yiwu saukowa hanya. Saboda rashin reserves daga Iran kan iyaka da dukan rundunar da aka janye. The Battle na Kerch Larabawa da aka sanya karshen watan Disamba na 26. A shirin ya shafi lokaci daya buga wa Feodosia da kuma mashigar. Soviet sojojin da su fitar da Jamus fita daga birnin, sa'an nan kewaye da dukan abokan kungiyar. Umurnin sa ran sauri nasara, tun lokacin da babban Jamus sojojin da aka mayar da hankali a kusa Sevastopol. A daidai wannan Kerch shi ya rufe kawai karamin sansanin Jamusawa da kuma 'yan Romanian sojojin. Riga a wannan lokaci a cikin Staff san Romanian mahadi ne musamman m zuwa m kai hari da kuma ba zai iya kawo a kan wani dogon tsaron gida.

Idan nasara, da Red Army zai iya halakar da makiya ra'ayoyi a yankin wannan yanki. Wannan zai ba da damar unhindered izinin sabon kashi a bakin tekun da Taman. Bayan haka, Soviet sojojin iya sauri matsawa zuwa yamma da kuma buga raya na Jamus sojojin, kewaye birnin da yaƙi Sevastopol. Kamar yadda ta yi ciki ta Kozlov, bayan da sake bude na birnin iya fara wani babban-sikelin m a cikin Crimea.

farko doka

Battle na Kerch Larabawa a 1941-1942 fara ta ashirin da shida na watan Disamba. "Support" na farko duka aka buga. Ya ba kawai ya gurgunta makiya sojojin, amma ya karkatar da hankali daga babban burin - Feodosiya. Tare da goyon bayan da Black Sea rundunar motoci, Soviet sojojin asirce kusata da tudu. Bayan da manyan bindigogi barrage fara saukowa. Saukowa da ya faru a wuya matuƙa yanayi. Rairayin bakin teku da aka ba dace da abin tsayawarta jirgi da Bartmann-Wulf. Har ila yau, da Jamus sun fara shelling zuwa. Saboda haka, sojoji yi tsalle zuwa cikin ruwa da zaran zurfin ishe je. Wannan shi ne sanyi Disamba rana ta Red Army sun wuyansa-zurfi a cikin ruwa na garin kankara. A sakamakon haka, akwai babban kiwon lafiya da asarar saboda hypothermia. Amma bayan 'yan kwanaki da zazzabi kika aika fi, da kuma mashigar bayar da umarnin rike. Saboda haka, da saura na 51-th sojojin da aka inganta a fadin kankara riga.

Battle na Kerch Larabawa 1941-1942 a kan babban shugabanci na ashirin da tara da lambar. Ba kamar saukowa a Kerch, Feodosia saukowa a faruwa kai tsaye a tashar jiragen ruwa. Sojoji komai a fili a kan tudu da kuma nan da nan ya garzaya zuwa yaƙi. A kawai ranar farko na gudanar da kasa game da 40 da mutane dubu a duka kwatance. Jamus sojojin gari ya uku da mutane dubu. Da juriya ya iya kashe ƙarshen rana. Bayan saukowa a Feodosia kan Nazis barazanar cikakken encirclement. A Kerch kasashen waje da aka gudanar kawai daya rabo daga cikin Jamus kuma Romanian dutsen shugabanci.

ritaya

A GHQ kusan nan da nan koya daga cikin sakamakon kawo game da yakin da Kerch Larabawa. The sojojin na jam'iyyun a cikin Kerch sun zalunci. Soviet sojojin kasance da dama fiye da sau da Jamus a lambar. Saboda haka, Janar von Sponeck ta yanke shawarar fara wani mãsu bãyar da bãya zuwa yamma. Domin fara wasa nan take. Nazis tattara zuwa kauce wa shiga biyu saukowa sojojin. Duk da haka, kwamandan Crimean gaban Manstein haramta wani mãsu bãyar da bãya. Ya ji tsoron cewa idan akwai karbo daga Soviet sojojin za su iya cim tare da Jamus da kuma Romanian sojojin da kuma hallaka su.

Wancan, da shi cikin shirin, da kuma Soviet shugabanci. Da shan kashi na Kerch sojojin zai haifar da wani kasawa na rundunar Jamus. da hanya zuwa Sevastopol da aka bude ga Red Army. Duk da haka, da dakarun bai ci gaba cikin sauri. Maimakon sauri nasara zuwa yamma, da arba'in da huɗu, sojoji suka yi a cikin shugabanci na Kerch saduwa da hamsin da farko sojojin. Wannan jinkiri a yarda da Jamus don samun wani qafafunku a wani sabon line na tsaro a kusa da Sivash. Akwai ja reserves da nauyi da makamai. A Berlin, nan da nan ya fara amsa da zaran koya cewa ya fara yakin da Kerch Larabawa. Stage 1 yarda Soviet sojojin samun da qafafunku a bakin tekun. Duk da haka, mafi tsanani tsãgi ya kasance ya zo.

wuya matsayi

Bayan da shan kashi na Jamus a Feodosia da Kerch Red Army raka'a kasance musamman gajiya. Wannan shi ne saboda da farko zuwa matsananci yanayi na saukowa. Ice ruwa, low zazzabi tasiri da kuma sauran miyagun jihar kiwon lafiya na maza. A cikin bridgehead ba guda asibiti. Saboda haka, wadanda suka ji rauni sojoji sun dogara kan farko-taimakon magani. An sa'an nan dauka zuwa Kerch kuma daga can, Isrã'ila tẽku da babban yankin. Rauni mai tsanani ba ko da yaushe iya shawo kan irin wannan dogon hanya.

Har ila yau, shi ba zai yiwu ba ga kafa wani jirgin fito saboda akai harin da Jamus da jirgin sama. tsaro kudi da aka ba tsĩrar da a kan lokaci. Saboda haka, a gaskiya da jirgin sama ba hadu da wani juriya. A sakamakon haka, wannan tsanani ya shafa da yawa warships.

Battle na Kerch Larabawa: 2nd mataki

Kasa da mako Red Army retook dukan Coast. Farkisanci da juriya da aka mur da sauri isa. Saboda rashin tabbas a cikin Romanian part, da Wehrmacht shiga su ma'aikacin na Jamus sanda. The tsaro da aka ƙarfafa tare da Sivash ajiye dakaru rajimanti. Babban shugabanci na buga wa Soviet sojojin ne reluwe, wanda bayar da 11th Army na Wehrmacht. Shan la'akari da rauni na Nazi sojoji, da Bet kwamandan a manyan umurni da wani nan da nan hari kan kasashen yamma. A cikin wannan shirin, Kozlov ya tafi zuwa ga raya na Jamusawa kewaye birnin da yaƙi Sevastopol da kuma kayar da su. Bayan haka, an shirya ya fara wani babban-sikelin m kuma a kwato duk Crimea. Duk da haka, da janar zauna yayi tsawo da yawa. Ya yi imani da cewa har yanzu rasa da albarkatun jefa. Sabili nasara Battle na Kerch Larabawa Soviet sojojin kawo m cizon yatsa. Nazis counterattacked.

Wadannan watan, su arba'in da biyu yana shirya wani sabon manyan sikelin-m. Don a goyi bayan an dasa ƙarin gidaje a Sudak. By teku, da kuma kankara zo da harsasai ƙari. Duk da haka, daya daga cikin mafi kyau generals na uku Reich doke Kozlov. A tsakiyar watan Janairu, ba zato ba tsammani da Nazis kaddamar da farmakin. Babban duka fadi a kan talauci garu gaban line a jamsin na haɗuwar jama'a biyu. Kwana uku daga baya, da Jamus zo zuwa ga asali matsayi. By karshen goma sha takwas Janairu fadi Theodosius. Kwanan nan dasa a Sudak Troopers da wata matsananciyar adawa. Domin kusan makonni biyu da Red Army yi yaƙi heroically kuma kusan a ƙarfinsa, sun ba da rayukansu a yaƙi. kaya jiragen ruwa tare da kayayyaki da aka lalata. Bayan da asarar guda tashar jiragen ruwa na Soviet sojojin iya haye kawai a Kerch a kan kankara.

Shirya wani hari

Bayan wannan umurnin halitta a raba gaban Crimean. Ya kunshi riga data kasance a cikin sojojin Larabawa da kuma sabon sadarwa. A kan Iran kan iyaka da aka cire arba'in da bakwai ta sojojin. Umurnin daukar wani gagarumin adadin kayan aiki. Na umurni da aka aiko musamman kwamishinan. Yana fara shirye-shirye domin m. Yana da aka shirya domin karshen Fabrairu. Manufar ya maƙiyi karfi a Sevastopol, a gaskiya, yakin da Kerch Larabawa da aka tsara don ya hallaka ta, kuma. Crimean Front tsananta manyan bindigogi regiments da kuma nauyi tankuna a lokacin da dukan wata.

Ashirin da bakwai na Fabrairu fara da m. Shirin ya fi mayar da hankali da babban duka a Kerch. Duk da haka, da tsare-tsaren da aka hana ta yanayin yanayi. A narke ya fara, ya kuma zuba ruwa sosai. Laƙa, datti ya hana m nauyi kayan aiki. Tankuna, musamman nauyi, kada ka tsayar da dakaru. A sakamakon haka, da Jamus sun iya yin tsayayya da harin da Red Army. Daya kawai bangaren na gaba ya iya karya, ta hanyar da tsaron gida line. Ba tsayayya da mãsu alãma daga cikin Romanian sojojin. Duk da haka, Soviet sojojin kasa wajen samar da farko nasara. Manstein san cewa barazanar karya a saki Red Army a cikin flank na sojojinsa. Saboda haka aika karshe reserves rike da line, kuma shi ya ba da sakamakon. ci gaba nauyi yãƙi sai da na uku na Maris. Amma tsanani motsa gaba da kasa.

Battle na Kerch Larabawa Crimean gaban da sojojin ci gaba a tsakiyar watan Maris. Takwas dakaru rarrabuwa, da goyan bayan da biyu tank brigades, suka kaddamar da wani farmakin. A daidai wannan lokaci na kewaye Sevastopol bugi Maritime Army. Amma hutu bai yi nasara ba to su su. Jamusawa tunãni a kan goma hare-hare a kowace rana. Amma da Nazis 'kare ba sarrafa karya ta. Wasu mahadi sun samu nasarori, amma ba sa iya rike matsayi. Bayan haka, gaban stabilized da tsanani da fada ya rage.

Jamus m

By karshen Maris Soviet sojojin rasa mutum ɗari da goma da mutane dubu tun biyu ya fara yakin da Kerch Larabawa. The uku lokaci ya fara da Jamusanci hari. Na shirya shi a hankali da kuma dogon. A sakamakon haka, da gaban protrusion kafa m hari Red Army (abin da ake kira baka) a cikin wuri inda Romanian division aka niƙa. Babban sojojin na Soviet sojojin da aka mayar da hankali a nan. Duk da yake a Negeb kudu da tsaro dauki kawai uku rarrabuwa.

Manstein yanke shawarar yin rawar daji, dũkan shi a kudancin kasar. Don wannan karshen, gagarumin reinforcements aka aiko zuwa Crimea. Panzer Division, hada da ɗaya da ɗari da tamanin da motoci zo a cikin karkata daga Sevastopol. Jamus ta gudanar da wani bincike da kuma gano kasawan a cikin tsaro na Soviet sojojin. Don goyi bayan shirin kaiwa m, da Nazis yi nufin amfani da jirgin sama. Don yin wannan, a kan sirri umarni na Hitler, da sashin da aka aika zuwa Air Corps. Har ila yau, da jirgin sama ya isa daga Romania. Duk da haka, da matukan jirgi na motoci sun musamman Jamus.

Soviet tsaro sun ma kusa da gaban. Wannan tuna shaidu masu yawa daga waɗanda events. A cewar masana tarihi, shi ne inept umurnin Mehlis Kozlov da kuma haifar da m bala'i. Maimakon barin ƙungiyoyin a raya inda suka shelling daga zone, suna kullum kore gaba.

m kashi

The m ya fara ranar bakwai na Mayu. Land hari gabãta aviapodgotovka. Luftwaffe farmaki da gaba reconnoitered hari. A sakamakon haka, da Soviet sojojin sha wahala asarar a yankunan da yawa. hedkwatar daya daga cikin sojojin da aka hallaka. A sakamakon haka, umurnin wuce zuwa Kanar Kotov.

Kashegari ya fara da m dakaru. Tare da goyon bayan nauyi tankuna da Jamus kutsa cikin gaban a cikin zurfin bakwai kilomita. Kwatsam Impact kasa gani a cikin wannan yanki. Har ila yau a cikin raya na Red Army sojojin komai a fili. Ya lambobin sun kananan, amma abin mamaki kai hari daga teku ya sa tsoro a cikin sahu na Soviet sojojin. By May, na tara Manstein shiga yaƙi daya more wa rabo. Jamus gudanar karshe karya ta gaban da kuma raba kusan dukan kudancin kungiyar. Nan da nan bayan da cewa, da Wehrmacht fara bayyana a arewa, barazanar yajin aiki a flank da sauran sojojin na Crimean gaban.

Na la'akari da halin da ake ciki catastrophic, a dare na goma na May akwai mai zaman kansa tattaunawar tsakanin Stalin kuma Kozlov. Aka yanke shawarar janye zuwa wani sabon line na tsaro. Amma bar bayan wani Jamus iska hari leaderless sojojin m iya ba. Wani sabon duka aka buga a cikin shugabanci na Cimmerian shaft, wanda aka sanya rawar da wani sabon line na tsaro. Battle na Kerch Larabawa Soviet sojojin kasa. Dasa da Jamusanci iska hari taimaka wajen karshe karya ta kare. Ta goma sha huɗu na May fara fitarwa na Red Army daga Crimea. Bayan wata rana, da Jamus kutsa Kerch. Garrison gari suka yi yaƙi, har ya zama daga harsasai, bayan da kare birnin suka shiga quarry.

Battle na Kerch Larabawa: sakamakon

Saukowa a Kerch asali kawo nasara. sabon baki da aka kafa, shi ne zai yiwu ga daya daga cikin na farko-manyan sikelin harin. Duk da haka, da inept umurnin sojoji ya kai ga ban tausayi sakamakon. A kawai 'yan watanni na yaki mai tsanani, da Jamus gudanar ya ba kawai rike matsayi, amma kuma tafi a kan m. A sakamakon haka, da Wehrmacht buga wani yana kokarin tunani-fita yajin, wanda ya haifar da shan kashi, wanda ya kawo karshen yakin da Kerch Larabawa. A takaice yaƙi aka bayyana a cikin tsarin sautinsu da Kozlov da kuma Manstein.

Duk da gazawar da aiki, shi ne wata harbinger riga nasara m a kan sashin a cikin arba'in da huɗu.

Na biyu hari

Shekaru biyu bayan da ban tausayi kashi komai a fili sabon sojojin a cikin Kerch tashar jiragen ruwa. 1944 ya zama shekara na kwata 'yanci na Crimea. A lokacin da shirin kai hari a kan sashin umurnin da la'akari da duk cikakkun bayanai na farko aiki. Azov jiragen ruwa da aka tsunduma ya sadar da sojojin. Troopers yana da qafafunku domin kara manyan sikelin-m.

babban-sikelin m da aka shirya a wannan lokaci. Saboda haka ya sãme daga biyu kwatance. Ashirin da biyu na Janairu game da goma sha biyar dubu Red Army hau a cikin jirgi, kuma zuwa Kerch. Don rufe da shirya aiki, da Soviet manyan bindigogi fara m da dakarun na Coast. A mafi girma wuta da aka sa ba ta da saukowa wuri zuwa disorient makiya. Har ila yau, 'yan jiragen sanya kwaikwayo na saukowa.

Kusa da dare ashirin da biyu na watan Janairu zuwa yin saukowa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Kerch. 1944 th ya babu inda kusa da sanyi kamar 42 minutes, don haka da sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa bai jawo gagarumin asarar daga hypothermia. Nan da nan bayan saukowa daga paratroopers garzaya zuwa yaƙi da yi gagarumin ci gaba. An kama wani gagarumin rabo daga cikin birnin. Duk da haka, akwai zo da wasu gefe daga cikin sojojin da bai iya karya ta Jamus defenses. Saboda haka, paratroopers ya karya nasu. A lokacin da yãƙi, daya daga cikin battalions gudanar ya kama 170 Jamus sojoji. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, sun jawo gagarumin hasarori, sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa m yanayi da kuma alaka da dannawa raka'a. A gaskiya ma, an maimaita Battle na Kerch Larabawa a 1941-1942, kawai yafi nasara.