Shugabanni na Tarayyar Soviet a shekara-shekara domin

A farko shugaban matasa Soviet kasar, wanda ya tashi a sakamakon da Oktoba juyin juya halin a 1917, ya zama shugaban da RCP (B) - Bolshevik Party - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), wanda ya jagoranci wani "juyin juya halin na ma'aikata da manoma." All m Soviet shugabanni sun shagaltar da post na babban sakataren kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyar, wadda, tun 1922, ya zama sananne a matsayin jam'iyyar kwaminis - Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet.

Lura da cewa tsarin akidar mulki kasar, suka ƙaryata game da yiwuwar wani m zaben ko zabe. Canza saman shugabannin jihar za'ayi sosai mulki clique ko bayan mutuwar da wanda ya riga, ko dai a sakamakon juyin mulki, tare da real m ciki na ɓangare gwagwarmaya. Wannan talifin zai jera masu Soviet shugabanni a shekara-shekara domin da alama manyan matakai na rayuwa da wasu daga cikin mafi bayyanar tarihi Figures.

Ulyanov (Lenin) Lenin (1870-1924)

Daya daga cikin shahararrun Figures a cikin tarihi na Soviet Rasha. Vladimir Ulyanov ya baya halittarsa ne Oganeza da kuma daya daga cikin shugabannin da events cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa na farko kwaminisanci jihar a duniya. Je cikin Oktoba 1917 juyin mulki da nufin kifar da gwamnatin wucin, ya aka nada shugaban majalisar jama'a ta Commissars - a matsayin shugaban sabuwar kasashen kafa daga tarkacen da Rasha Empire.

Ya abin yabo aka dauke su a yarjejeniya tare da Jamus a 1918, wanda ya ƙare Rasha sa hannu a yakin duniya na, kazalika da NEP - da New Tattalin Policy na gwamnatin, wanda ya kamata ya jagoranci kasar daga cikin abyss na fama da talauci da yunwa. All Soviet shugabanni daukar kansu a matsayin "gaskiya Leninists" da kuma karfi da yaba Vladimir Ulyanov kamar yadda mai girma da dattaku.

Ya kamata a lura cewa nan da nan bayan da "sulhu da Jamus," da Bolsheviks karkashin Lenin jagorancin arko tsõro da ciki amincewarsa da kuma al'adunmu na tsarism, wadda ta dauki miliyoyin rayuka. NEP siyasa ne kuma short-rayu da aka soke jim kadan bayan mutuwarsa a kan Janairu 21, 1924.

Dzhugashvili (Stalin) Stalin (1879-1953)

Iosif Stalin a 1922 ya zama na farko babban sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya CPSU. Duk da haka, har da mutuwa V. I. Lenina, ya zauna a yayin da shugabannin kasar Sin, bada hanya ga shahararsa na sauran abokan aiki, kuma metivshim shugabanni a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Duk da haka, bayan da barin duniya proletariat shugaban ta rayuwa a cikin wani gajeren lokaci Stalin shafe da babban abokan adawar, zargin da su da cin amanar akida na juyin juya halin.

By farkon 1930s ya zama tafin shugaban na mutane da bugun jini na wani alkalami ya yanke makomar miliyoyin jama'a. Da manufofin na tilasta collectivization da dispossession, wadda ta zo domin maye gurbin NEP, da kuma taro danniya da mutanen da suke da m da na yanzu gwamnati, ya yi sanadiyar rayukan dubban daruruwan Soviet jama'a. Duk da haka, a zamanin mulkin Stalin ta bayyananna ba kawai wani sawu na jini, shi ne ya kamata a lura da kyau al'amurran da ya jagoranci. A wani gajeren lokaci, da Soviet Union ya zama kasar da uku-iko tattalin arzikin a cikin masana'antu ikon, to lashe yaƙi da farkisanci.

Bayan karshen yakin duniya na II, da yawa daga cikin birnin yamma da Tarayyar Soviet, ya hallaka kusan zuwa ga ƙasa, da aka sauri mayar da su masana'antu sanã'anta more yadda ya kamata. Shugabanni na Tarayyar Soviet sun shagaltar saman post bayan Iosifa Stalina, suka ƙaryata game da rawa wajen ci gaban jihar da kuma halin da sarautar matsayin lokaci na daba na hali na shugaba.

Hruschev Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971)

Akuma daga wani baƙauye iyali, N. S. Hruschev fara a kwalkwali na jam'iyyar nan da nan bayan Stalin ta mutuwa, wanda ya faru Maris 5, 1953 A shekara ta farko da ta mulkinsa, ya jagoranci wani boye gwagwarmaya tare da G. M. Malenkovym, aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin ministoci da kuma shi ne ainihin da shugaban jihar.

A shekarar 1956, Khrushchev karanta fita a Ashirin jam'iyyar Congress rahoton a kan Stalin ta repressions, Allah wadai da wannan aiki na ya gada. zamanin Nikita Khrushchev lokacin da aka alama ta ci gaba da sarari shirin - da ƙaddamar da wani wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam da kuma mutum na farko a cikin sarari jirgin. Sabon gidaje da manufofin da ya sa da yawa 'yan kasa don motsawa daga cramped da zamantakewa Apartments a wani dadi m rai. Gidaje, wadda aka gina a cikin manyan yawa a lokaci, har yanzu mutanen da ake kira "Khrushchev".

Brezhnev Leonid Ilich (1907-1982)

Oktoba 14, 1964 N. S. Hruschev aka cire daga matsayinsa kungiyar na kwamitin tsakiya a karkashin jagorancin L. I. Brezhneva. A karo na farko a tarihin jihar shugabanni na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin tsari ba ya canja bayan mutuwar shugaba, kuma a sakamakon ciki na ɓangare hadin kai. Brezhnev zamanin a cikin tarihi na Rasha da aka sani a matsayin cunkoso. A kasar ta tsaya da ci gaban play da kuma zama cikin duniya jagorancin iko a bãyansu a dukkan sassa, fãce ga soja da kuma masana'antu.

Brezhnev dauki 'yan yunkurin inganta dangantakar da Amurka, m Cuban harsashi rikicin a 1962, lokacin da N. S. Hruschev umurce su da su sanya linzami a kan Cuba tare da makaman nukiliya warheads. kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tare da American shugabanci, wanda iyakance makamai tseren. Duk da haka, duk da kokarin L. I. Brezhneva don kawo karshen wannan halin da ake ciki suka haye da mamayewa na Afghanistan.

Andropov Yuriy Vladimirovich (1914-1984)

Bayan Brezhnev ta mutuwa, da tarzomar Nuwamba 10, 1982, sai aka maye gurbinsu da Yuri Andropov, wanda ya jagoranci kafin KGB - KGB na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya dauki wani shakka a kan sauye-sauye da kuma canje-canje a cikin zaman jama'a da kuma tattalin arziki duniyoyin. A zamanin mulkinsa, alama gurfanar da masu laifi fallasa cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnati da'irori. Duk da haka, Yuri ba da yin wani canje-canje a cikin rayuwar jihar, saboda shi yana da tsanani kiwon lafiya da matsaloli da kuma ya mutu a kan Fabrairu 9, 1984.

Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich (1911-1985)

A Fabrairu 13, 1984 aka gudanar da post na Sakatare Janar na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU. Ya ci gaba da manufofin da ya gada ya bijirar da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin echelons na iko. Ya sosai rashin lafiya, ta mutu 10 a kan Maris shekarar 1985, bayan jawabin da mafi jama'a ofishin kawai a kan wani shekara. All baya Soviet shugabanni domin, na yau da kullum a jihar, aka binne shi a cikin Kremlin bango, da kuma K. U. Chernenko shi ne na karshe a cikin jerin.

Gorbachev Mihail Sergeevich (1931)

M. S. Gorbachev aka fi sani Rasha siyasa na marigayi karni na ashirin. Ya lashe soyayya da shahararsa a kasashen yamma, amma da jama'a na kasarsu, mulkinsa ne ninki biyu ji. Idan da Turawa da kuma Amurkawa kira shi da wani mai girma kawo canji, da yawa mazauna ce Rasha hallakar da Tarayyar Soviet. Gorbachev ayyana da m tattalin arziki da sake fasalin harkokin, wanda ya faru a karkashin taken na "Perestroika, Glasnost, sauri!", Wanne kai ga m karancin abinci da kuma masana'antu dukiya, rashin aikin yi da kuma fadowa rayuwar.

Jayayya da cewa wannan zamanin sarautar M. S. Gorbacheva da kawai mummunan sakamakon da rayuwa na kasar mu, zai zama ba daidai ba. A Rasha, Concepts na wani multiparty tsarin, 'yanci na addini da kuma latsa. A lokacin da ya kasashen waje da manufofin Gorbachev aka bayar da Lambar Yabo ta Duniya. Shugabanni da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha, ko dai kafin ko bayan Mikhail Sergeyevich bai sami irin wannan girmamawa.