Bindigar da Simonov: siffofin da kuma hoto

ABC-36 - Bindigar Simonov, saki a 1936. Asalinsu ɓullo da matsayin makami kai-loading bindiga, amma a zanen kaya sun kara inganta queues harbi yanayin. Shi ne na farko Bindigar gidajen for 7,62, wanda aka soma da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma duniya ta farko bindiga a cikin wannan aji, ya shiga sabis bisa manufa. A karshen kai ABC-36 kawai 'yan watanni gaba da American M1 Garand. Yau za mu dubi tarihin na samar da Bindigar Simonov da babban fasaha sigogi.

zane

A farko samfur Bindigar Simonov da aka gabatar a 1926. Bayan duba samarwa S. G. Simonovym aikin manyan bindigogi kwamitin yanke shawarar ba da damar wadannan makamai zuwa cikin gwajin. A 1930, a cikin gasar makamai zanen nasara. Simon ta babban gasa a cikin zane na atomatik bindigogi zama FV Tokarev. A shekarar 1931, na ci gaba da aiki a kan inganta da bindiga Simonov yawa ta kyautata.

fitarwa

Simonov Bindigar fairly da aka gwada a site, sakamakon a cikin Soviet gunsmiths yanke shawarar saki karamin tsari na ABC ga mai fadi kwansu da kwarkwatansu gwaji. Lokaci guda tare da saki na rukunin farko da aka miƙa su tsayar da tsari to a farkon 1934 don fara cikakken sikelin samarwa. Saki shirya ya kafa a Izhevsk, inda Simon tafi a mutum don taimaka a cikin kungiyar na samar da tsari. A watan Maris 1934, da kwamitin tsaron na Tarayyar Soviet soma wani ƙuduri a kan ABC-36 cigaban domin samar iya aiki a cikin shekara ta gaba.

A cewar gwajin sakamakon 1935-1936 model shekaru Simon ya tabbatar da muhimmanci mafi alhẽri daga da samfurin Tokarev. Kuma wannan duk da cewa da raba ABC samfurori a lokacin gwajin kasa. A ƙarshe daga cikin kallo hukumar, a cikin hanyar breakdowns karfe Manufacturing lahani, ba a tsara flaws. Hujja da wannan kasance na farko da prototypes da bindiga, wanda aka gudanar ba tare da hutu har zuwa 27 dubu Shots.

al'amurra

A 1936, an Bindigar Simonov sun soma da Tarayyar Soviet. Ita ce ta farko atomatik makami karkashin Red Army bindiga harsashi 7,62. Weapon shiga sabis sãɓã wa jũna daga samfur gaba zane mafita.

A shekara ta 1938, ABC-36 da aka fara nuna a fili a cikin May Day soja farati. Ta aka dauke da makamai kibiyoyi farko Moscow Proletarian Division. Fabrairu 26 a wannan shekara, {ungiyar AI, Bykhov, Director na Izhevsk shuka, ya ce da ABC (Bindigar Simonov) cikakken ƙware da kuma sa a cikin taro samar.

Daga baya, a lokacin da Stalin zai oda zuwa yi Bindigar ba tare da yiwuwar harbe-harben a atomatik yanayin, ABC-36 za a maye gurbinsu da SVT-38. Dalilin irin wannan hukunci da kuma kin amincewa da atomatik wuta ya fara ajiye harsasai.

Lokacin da ABC-36 sun soma, ƙarar ta samar ya karu sosai. Saboda haka, a cikin 1934, ya sauko daga na'ura 106 kofe, a shekarar 1935 - 286, a 1937 - 10280, da kuma a shekara ta 1938 - 23401. Production ci gaba har 1940. By wannan lokaci shi aka saki kusan 67 dubu bindigogi.

zane

The aiki manufa na atomatik bindiga dogara ne a kan kalubale na foda gas. A model iya harba biyu guda harsashi ko atomatik yanayin. Sauya sheka harbi halaye da aka yi via musamman liba, located a gefen dama na karɓa. Single yanayin ne na asali. Harba ku dõgara a taron na wani kasa yawan inji bindigogi a cikin division. Kamar yadda domin ci gaba da wuta, ya jiyar da sojoji kawai a cikin matsanancin lokacin da akwai kwatsam hari da makiya daga nesa da kasa da 150 mita. A wannan layi ka iya ciyar ba fiye da 4 Stores, domin kauce wa zafi fiye da kima da kuma sa na key abubuwa na bindiga.

Gas sarrafa taro, a fistan wanda yana da wani short bugun jini, located sama da ganga. Tsaye block (sandan), da kulle shaft motsa a cikin ramummuka da karɓa. Layin kawar da naúrar deviates daga tsaye ta game da 5 °, wanda facilitates da hannu buše rufe. Lokacin da block motsa sama, ya zo a cikin rufe notches da makullansu shi. Kwance allon faruwa a lokacin da kama wanda aka haɗa tare da gas fistan naúrar matse saukar. Saboda gaskiya cewa kulle naúrar dake tsakanin mujalla da breech, da harsashi da aka ciyar da a cikin ɗakin da mai tsawo da kuma m hanya, sau da yawa sakamakon jinkiri. Bugu da kari, ta nagarta na wannan musamman mai karɓar ya kasance da ban sha'awa a cikin tsawon da hadaddun a zane.

Bindigar da Simonov ma yana da wani hadadden ƙõfar, housed ciki wanda: harbe-harben fil tare da wani spring, sassa na jawo inji da na'ura protivootskoka. Versions bindigogi bayar kafin 1936, daban-daban jawo na'ura, da yanke-kashe da kuma dakatar mainspring.

harbi halaye

Bisa ga umarnin, da harbi da yanayin kira na sauri da aka katange da musamman key, samun dama zuwa wanda ya kawai a cikin tawagar. A lokuta na musamman, shi yarda da sojoji don canja wurin su bindigogi zuwa atomatik yanayin. Shin umarnin bin sojojin - mai moot batu. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a cikin hali na wani bindiga Fyodorov samun a hannun wani fassara wuta iya kawai soja wanda ya wuce wani dace jarrabawa. Kuma a lokacin da Vietnam War, da US jami'an harbe fassara inji tare da Sojoji M14 bindigogi, domin kauce wa yiwuwar yin fashe harbi, wanda, kamar yadda a cikin hali na ABC-36, shi ne kusan m, a da gudanar da wuta tare da shi. Harba shi shawarar a supine matsayi a atomatik yanayin, tasha, da wannan prikladkoy kamar yadda a lokacin da harbi daga gun DP. Nasarawa guda Shots daga wani a tsaye ko a zaune, rike da wata bindiga mai harbi daga kasa daga cikin kantin sayar da tare da hagu.

kudi na

Fasaha kudi na wuta Bindigar Simonov ya game 800 akai-akai da minti. A yi, duk da haka, wannan adadi da yawa m. Horar da kibiyoyi zuwa Pre-cika shagunan samar da 25 akai-akai da minti guda fitilar 50 - queues, da kuma 80 - da ci gaba da wuta. bude irin sipe da wani wurin kewayon daga 100 zuwa 1500 m, a increments na 100 m.

Ammonium wadata

bindiga harsasai wadata da aka sanya daga m lauje Stores, riko da 15 akai-akai. kantin sayar da siffar da aka sa ta gaban doguwar baki a harsashi da ake amfani. Ba shagunan na iya zama duka ware daga makamin, da kuma a kan shi, daga yau da kullum da shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Samfurori da bindigogi bayar kafin 1936 kuma za a iya sanye take da shagunan a kan 10 da kuma 20 harsashi.

bayoneti

Akwati Simonov Bindigar aka sanye take da wani m muzzle birki da Dutsen wani bayoneti. A baya versions na bayoneti za a iya a haɗe ba kawai horizontally amma kuma vertically downward sandan. A wannan hanya shi ya kamata ya yi amfani a matsayin daya kananan kafafu, ersatz bipod ga harbi a cikin yiwuwa matsayi. Duk da haka, da bayanin irin bindiga, bayar a 1937, ta haramta irin wannan amfani da bayoneti-wuka, danganci maimakon harba a atomatik yanayin, tare da girmamawa kwance a Turf ko bedroll. A ka'ida, wannan ta karshe da aka bai dace ba, ba cewa tun shekarar 1936, ba kurtu bindiga da wani bayoneti-soya. A fili, m, a ka'idar da ra'ayin inganta da ayyuka na irin wannan talakawa abu, kamar wani bayoneti, a yi, ya ba shi barata kanta. A lokacin da Maris jure bayoneti a kubensa lazimta masa bel jirgin saman soja, inda ya zauna, da kuma lokacin da harbi.

fasaha halaye

Simonov Bindigar da wadannan sigogi:

1. Weight tare da bayoneti da kuma daina kai hare hare, da na gani da gannanku, kuma kantin sayar da cika harsashi - game 6 kg.
2. Weight na bindiga ba tare da bayonets, gani da kuma shopping - 4.050 kg.
3. Weight sanye take store - 0,675 kg.
4. Weight na komai store - 0,350 kg.
5. Mass bayoneti scabbard - 0,550 kg.
6. Weight gani da sashi - 0,725 kg.
7. Sashi Weight - 0,145 kg.
8. Mass m sassa (kara da rufe hada guda biyu mutanena su ka) - 0.5 kg.
9. Magazine iya aiki - 15 akai-akai.
10. Zamo - 7,62 mm.
11. Tsawon tare da bayoneti - 1.520 m.
12. Length ba tare da bayoneti - 1.260 m.
13. A tsawon wata rifled ganga rabo - 0.557 m.
14. Number of GROOVES - 4.
15. Tashi tsawo - 29.8 mm.
16. A tsawon na rufe bugun jini - 130 mm.
17. Da harbe-harben range (sighting) - 1500 m.
18. Flight kewayon harsashi (pridelnyh) - 3000 m.
19. Muzzle gudu (na farko) - 840 m / s.
20. Rate na wuta (Technical) - 800 akai-akai da minti.

gade

Mayu 22, 1938 da aka ayyana gaba gasar ga ci gaban da wani sabon Semi-atomatik bindiga, dangane da kalubale na foda gas. A m gwaje-gwaje, yana tsawaita daga marigayi rani zuwa farkon kaka na wannan shekara, ya halarci Simon tsarin, Tokarev, Rukavishnikova da kuma sauran kasa shahara gunsmiths. A marigayi Nuwamba, aka gudanar summary gwaji, wanda a cikin sa Fabrairu 1939 domin sabis a cikin Tarayyar Soviet dauki bindiga Tokarev, kira CBT-38. A kan Hauwa'u na 19 Janairu, Simonov ce kawar da duk shortcomings daga bindiga a cikin bege cewa za su ba shi wata dama. By karshen bazara na wannan shekara da aka halitta na musamman hukumar tantance da Tokarev da Simonov tsarin cikin sharuddan masana'antu da tattalin arziki yiwuwa.

Yana kammala da cewa CBT da aka samu ya zama mafi sauki da kuma kasa m zuwa tsirar. Duk da haka, kwamitin tsaron na Tarayyar Soviet, jihãdi ga m rearmament, ba ja da baya daga ra'ayin taro samar Tokarev bindiga. Saboda haka ya labarin kammala Simonov Bindigar, soja review wanda shi ne batu na mu hira.

Tokarev samarwa da aka kafa kasa da watanni shida, da kuma daga 1 ga Oktoba, 1939, da babban fitarwa. A mataki na farko da ya shiga tsakani Tula shuka, wanda a cikin wannan girmamawa daina samar da Mosin bindigogi. A 1940 a model karfe ma a Izhevsky makamai factory, wanda aka a baya samar AVS-36.

A sakamakon aiki

ABC-36 (Bindigar Simonov samfurin shekara 1936) a matsayin dukan da aka ba a dogara da isa ga taro amfani a cikin sojojin. Ba mai sauki zane da kuma babban adadin hadaddun siffofi sanya ta samar shi ne ma m cikin sharuddan lokaci da kuma albarkatun. Bugu da kari, ta saki kusan duk matakai bukatar sosai gwani ma'aikata.

Bindigogi zane damar ta taro ba tare da kulle naúrar. Bugu da ƙari, saboda irin makaman iya ko harba. A cikin hali na harbi mai karɓar aka hallaka, da kuma zamewar kungiyar tashi a mike baya ga maharbin. The asali kulle sandan da aka ma ba shi barata. Bugu da kari, sau da yawa ya ɓatar da lamarinsa na jawo.

Tare da wannan duka Bindigar Simonov, wanda tarihin mun duba, ya tuna da yadda karo na farko da irin makamai, rene ta m makamai da kuma shige da gwajin a fama yanayi. Ta kuma zama na farko da misali da makamai a Tarayyar Soviet, halitta zalla da m injiniyoyi, ƙware da kuma sa a cikin taro samar. Domin ta lokaci ABC-36 shi ne mai kyau bindiga.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa Finnish Army kama bindiga Simonov fĩfĩta bindiga Tokarev SVT, wanda aka dauke mafi m.

maharbi version

A kananan yawan aka saki a 1936 maharbi bindigogi ABC. Tun lokacin da ya ciyar harsashi da aka jefa up da kuma gaba, designers sun yanke shawarar amince da sashi zuwa hagu na Tantancewar gani axis na ganga. Kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da aka saiti reticle da biyu a kwance, kuma daya a tsaye thread. Fita almajiri diamita ya daidaita 7.6 mm, shi ne koma baya daga eyepiece ruwan tabarau a 85 mm. Ganinsa ya kara yawan images a sau hudu. Sauran maharbi version bai bambanta daga wata al'ada Bindigar Simonov, photo masu goyon baya da suka koya da yawa makamai.