Kwatanta da submarine rundunar Rasha da kuma Amurka: wanda shi ne karfi?

Tsakanin Amirka da kuma Rasha na dogon lokaci shi ne wani gwagwarmaya a kusan dukkan duniyoyin da aiki. A makamai tseren ne akai abõkinsa kasa gasar. Cikakkar shugaban gano da kuma kasa a tsawon shekaru. Magabaci a cikin tsaro masana'antu kansu suna kullum motsi daga daya jiha zuwa wani. A cikin irin wannan takamaiman masana'antu a matsayin submarine rundunar motoci, a halin yanzu zauna na farko wuri Amurka.

Duk da haka, saboda abubuwa sun kasance ba ko da yaushe cewa a Soviet sau da dabino da aka gudanar na cikin gida m. Godiya ga mai iko tushe, halitta ta Soviet designers, ko da a wannan mataki a kan tushe na Rasha rundunar akwai kwarai lokutta, da ba su da analogues a duniya. Saboda haka, bayan duk, wanda submarine jiragen ruwa ne karfi - Rasha ko da Amurka? Wãne ne ya lashe a tseren - a Rasha ko American exclusivity technicality.

A farko na kudirin submarine

Kwatanta, wanda submarine jiragen ruwa ne karfi (Rasha ko USA), ya fara a karni na sha takwas. Sa'an nan batun da shawarwari ne na farko da submarine for soja dalilai. Long iya ba yanke shawarar wanda zai zama na farko cikin developer irin wannan na'urar.

Designers, kuma testers farko karkashin ruwa jirgin ruwa ya Cornelius Drebbel. Wannan shi ne wani likita da kuma injiniya daga Holland. Gwaji da ya ci gaba sai ya ciyar a kan kogin Thames. A jirgin ruwa ya da wani jirgin ruwan. Ta fata wani fata sharkaf da man fetur. Management da kuma motsi da za'ayi saboda da oars. Sun kasance a takaice nesa a karkashin ruwa sarari. The ƙungiya iya hada uku shugabanni da goma sha biyu oarsmen. Kamar yadda tarihi data a kan gwaje-gwaje da ya halarci Korol Yakov I. Bayani dalla-dalla gina jirgin da za a yarda da shi a karkashin ruwa yanki na awoyi da yawa. A iyaka da zurfin nutsewa ne daidai da mita biyar.

Amma kara ci gaba da aka katse da mutuwa na Drebbel. Wanda zai gaje shi da kuma continuer na ideas wani masanin kimiyya daga France wanda ya rubuta wani m jagora wajen gina submarine tasoshin. Bisa ga shawarwari, da jirgin ruwan dole ne a sanya daga karfe (zai fi dacewa da jan), shi ya kamata yayi kama da irin kifi, duk da haka, da gefuna dole ne m. Don inganta wannan naúrar a girma jirgin sama ne ba dole ba.

Development of kishiya kasashen

Kwatanta Rasha submarine da Amurka Navy fara da farko na'urorin. Bugu da kari, su aka gina tare da wani bambanci na rabin karni. Yana bada dama a ce farkon submarine tarihi a kasashen biyu game da wannan.

Modern Rasha submarine jiragen ruwa ne sun fi mayar saboda ya takwararta Efim Nikonov, daga abin da jirgin da ya fara inganta dabarun da matakai domin gina submarines. Shi ne mai sauki kafinta daga wani kauye kusa da birnin Moscow Pokrovskoye. Ya so ya yi masa zane a rayuwa da kuma aika da kuka ga Bitrus I, a cikin abin da samarwa aikin na submarine. A ra'ayin wani m jirgin ruwa, wanda za a iya kawar da abokan gaba jirãge cewa suna sosai janyo hankalin sarki. A nasa umarni, Nikonov ya a St. Petersburg da kuma fara gina na'urar. A aikin da aka kawo rayuwa na shekaru uku. A cikin farko gwaji na halarci da kaina da Bitrus I. A wani gajeren lokaci, gyaggyarawa da kuma inganta aikin, a talented kafinta saba da jirgin gunpowder flamethrowers. Sarki, ganin irin nasarar, samarwa don fara gina wannan ya fi girma jirgin ruwa sanyi. Amma da hange na wannan a zahiri gan kawai Bitrus I, kuma bayan mutuwarsa da ci gaban karkashin ruwa sarari daina. Taba kammala rududdugaggu jirgin ruwan a cikin zubar.

Inganta matakai a samar da

Kwatanta karkashin ruwa rundunar Rasha da kuma Amurka ne ba zai yiwu ba tare da ambata da nasarorin da masana kimiyya da kuma injiniyoyi, wanda ya zama tushen ga ci gaban zamani da kasuwanci. Domin da farko lokacin da aikin da aka kaddamar a shekara ta talatin da hudu shekara na karni na sha tara. A manajan aiki ya K. A. Shilder, wanda yake soja injiniya da horo.

The zane na jirgin ruwa ya hada musamman shanyewar jiki, da taimakon wanda da motsi na da na'ura a karkashin ruwa. Tare da zane da aka dauka da manufa na bionics, cewa shi ne ya haifar da da fasaha kayan aiki da aka dauka la'akari da dokokin yanayi. A wannan yanayin, injiniya kusantar da hankali ga tsarin da hankaka ta ƙafafunsa. Irin wannan na'urorin da aka sanya a cikin nau'i-nau'i a garesu na jiki. Domin gudu wadannan "ƙafafunsa", ya wajaba a yi wani kokarin matuƙan-oarsmen. Shi ne ƙwarai, m, saboda gudun ba ma ban sha'awa a cikin m kokarin da ma'aikatan jirgin. Ta iya girma zuwa a kalla rabin kilomita awa. Domin inganta da tsari da kuma sa shi mafi m da ingantaccen a ƙananan kudin, da aikin sarrafa suka shirya don amfani lantarki na'urorin. Amma ci gaban da wannan masana'antu da aka faruwa leaps da haddi, da kuma shi karfi damuarn gabatarwar sabon ideas.

Jirgin ruwan ya soja-style. A ta makamai da aka ƙaddamar roka launchers. Da yawa matsalolin da suka gurgunta wannan ra'ayin, da kuma na zamanintar da jirgin ya tsaya.

Da yin amfani da engine a submarine jiragen ruwa

A na gaba mataki a cikin ci gaban da submarine jiragen ruwa shi ne gabatarwar a cikin zane na jiragen ruwa injuna. A farkon yin wannan hukunci zo kirkiro I. F. Aleksandrovsky. Don yi da ra'ayoyin, sai ya zaɓi da engine cewa gudanar a matsa iska. The kirkiro ya gane wa ra'ayin a cikin yi. jirgin ruwan da aka yi bisa ga zane. Amma aikin kanta ya ba musamman nasara, saboda yawan aiki ne har yanzu talakawa. Engine gudun yarda a kan wani rabin kulli zuwa iyo kawai uku mil bãya.

Ci gaban da aiwatar da ra'ayoyin kai kawai wani Rasha kirkiro S. K. Dzhevetsky. Kwatanta da submarine rundunar Rasha da kuma Amurka ya ba da wani hakki a ce a wannan mataki na Rasha? Ir sun sanya wani nasara, saboda Drzewiecki samu a kan jirgin ruwan engine da koran aikin baturi. A wannan lokacin, da duniya bai kasance musamman ga irin wannan jirgin ruwa, wanda zai iya motsawa daga wutar lantarki. Lokacin da wannan na'ura zai iya isa gudun hudu kullin.

"Zip" da jirgin ruwan da aka tsara ta wannan kirkiro. Its main alama ne kwatanta da submarine rundunar Rasha da kuma Amurka sake ba da gubar Rasha (irin jirgin ko ina a duniya a wancan lokacin ya kasance ba), shi ne guda engine. The kawai drawback na na'urar ne da wata alama a cikin nau'i na kumfa, wanda ta bar baya. Wannan shi ne saboda low matakin na masking ba za a iya amfani da soja dalilai.

Yayin da masana'antu ne rayayye faruwa ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da makamashi shigarwa. Yana da aka a lokacin da zamani irin makircinsu, kuma ka'idojin da aka kafa, wanda aka yi amfani da zane na jiragen har yanzu. Development da za'ayi a cikin makamai kansu. Drzewiecki aka tsara torpedo shambura, wanda suka m submarine rundunar motoci na dogon lokaci. Amma ci baya masana'antu kamar lantarki injiniya da kuma mota masana'antu, ba a yarda ya haifar da wani cikakken fledged jirgin.

Submarine "Dabbar"

Kwatanta Rasha submarine jiragen ruwa da kuma Amurka za su iya zama daidai ga wannan naúrar. A jirgin da aka gina a cikin farkon karni na ashirin da Bubnov da Goryunov Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a St. Petersburg. A propulsion tsarin kunshi sassa biyu. Na farko shi ne engine cewa gudanar a fetur, da kuma na biyu - lantarki motor. A ci gaba yana da ƙarfi, kuma labari, cewa fasaha halaye m ga American inji "Fulton".

Daga wannan lokaci kan, ci gaban Rasha submarine rundunar tafi sosai da sauri. Tattalin ta Ƙwararren ma'aikaci. Daga aikin raya kasa, da masana'antu ya zama wani irin abin dogara kasa na dakarun. Gwamnati da cikakken goyon baya da wannan bangaren. Kuma bayan gabatarwar musamman lamba ga submarine jami'in muradinmu na bauta wa a cikin wadannan sojojin ya karu a matsayin ikon yinsa, daga cikin dalĩli a matsayin dukan.

Modern Rasha Navy

A lokacin da Navy na Rasha Federation kunshi biyar rarrabuwa. Kowace daga cikinsu aka hada da surface kuma submarine sojojin. Gane da wadannan aka gyara daga cikin sojojin raka'a:

1. Baltic jiragen ruwa. Babban tushe na wannan bangaren da aka located a cikin Baltic. A flagship ne mai hallakarwa "Naci". Submarine sojojin Baltic ne halin da uku dizal submarines. Af, da kwatanta Rasha da kuma Amurka submarine jiragen ruwa (2016) ya nuna cewa da irin wannan na'ura wanzu ne kawai a kan Rasha ƙasa. A {asar Amirka daga samar da irin wannan tasoshin ya dade da aka watsar.
2. Northern jiragen ruwa. Babban tushe na wannan bangaren shi ne a Severomorsk. Yana shine kan gaba nauyi nukiliya makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Petr Veliky". Rasha Arewa rundunar submarine siffofi da wani babban iri-iri wajen. Bisa ga wannan rabo ne uku nauyi makami mai linzami submarine Cruisers da takwas ballistic harsashi submarine. Submarines arewacin Rasha rundunar model gabatar da cruise da makamai masu linzami (3 raka'a), multipurpose atomic (12 raka'a), dizal (8 raka'a), manufa ta musamman (2 raka'a).
3. Black Sea jiragen ruwa. Babban tushe na wannan bangaren shi ne a Sevastopol. Yana shine kan gaba, harsashi jirgin ruwa na soja "Moskva". Karkashin ruwa bangaren da aka wakilta biyu dizal submarines.
4. Pacific jiragen ruwa. Babban tushe na wannan bangaren shi ne a Vladivostok. Yana shine kan gaba, harsashi jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Submarine tsaro na da a kan auna 5 makami mai linzami submarine Cruisers, 6 nukiliya submarines da cruise makamai masu linzami, 7 Multi-manufa nukiliya submarines da 8 dizal model.
5. Caspian Flotilla. Babban tushe na wannan bangaren shi ne a Astrakhan. A flagship ne sintiri jirgin "Tatarstan". Wannan naúrar ba shi da abun da ke ciki a submarine sojojin.

Multi-manufa motocin

Kwatanta Rasha da kuma Amurka submarine jiragen ruwa (2016, kamar sauran shekaru, bai kawo gagarumin cimma gaci a wannan yankin) damar da dukan tantance da yuwuwar na sojan ruwa sojojin. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci motocin, yana tsaye a kan fasaha da kayan aiki na sojojin da wani iko Maritime ikon - yana da wani jirgin ruwan, da fuskantar matsalar warware dabara yanayi. Dalilin wadannan jiragen ruwa - shi ne halakar maƙiyi surface hari da kuma taya sha kashi a wuraren na bakin gabar teku. Kamar yadda makamai amfani cruise da makamai masu linzami da kuma torpedoes. Dangane da irin makamai submarines ne:

• tare da cruise da makamai masu linzami.
• tare da torpedoes.
• tare da cruise da makamai masu linzami da kuma torpedoes.

Amurka Navy Submarine Force yana da babban yawan submarines ne dabara yanayi. Yana mayar da hankali a kan irin wannan jirgin ruwa da jimlar soja manufar Amurka. Idan ka dauki wani daban-daban rarrabuwa makirci, kamar quality, sa'an nan akwai ba zai iya rarrabe bayyananne shugaban. Wannan shi ne saboda da high fasaha m kasashen biyu.

Jiragen sarrafawa-dabara Amurka

Ta yaya hatsari da Amurka Navy submarine, don haka wannan shi ne irin wannan submarines. A kan tushen da Amurka Navy ne da hamsin da tara model na da irin wannan. Mafi yawansu (wanda shi ne talatin da tara jiragen ruwa) da aka ruwaito a kan balance sheet ne har yanzu a cikin saba'in da shida ta karshe karni. Suna da aka sani da "Los Angeles" kuma na tsara ta uku. Bisa ga irin makaman da suka kasance a wani gauraye da irin. Sun hada da anti-jirgin da makamai masu linzami "hargi" da kuma torpedoes. An shirya zuwa hankali janye jirgin ruwa daga wurare dabam dabam da kuma maye gurbin su da sabo-sabo model. Yana da aka shirya a gudanar da wani zamani daga cikin thirties.

Za ka bet a tsara ta huɗu na jiragen. Wannan zã su maye gurbin "Los Angeles". Wadannan sun hada da model irin matsayin "Virginia" da "tekun Wolf". A karshen da aka ci gaba a cikin nineties. Its yi da daraja hudu da rabi dala biliyan. Amma Farashin aka barata ta fasaha sigogi. Yana sanye take da wani iko da hadaddun na cruise da makamai masu linzami da kuma torpedoes. Har ila yau, shi ne mai alama na wani low matakin na amo jefarwa. Tare da a saki kowane model jirgin ruwan zama cikakke. Duk da haka, gwama Rasha submarine jiragen ruwa da kuma Amurka (2017) ya ba da dama a ce cikin gida "Ash" ba na baya zuwa "Sea Wolf" na farko jerin.

Amurka amfani

Amurka da Rasha submarine rundunar motoci ga 2016 ne ba kawai a gwada yawa abun da ke ciki, amma kuma tsara na model. American submarine "Virginia" da aka tsara yawa daga baya fiye da "Sea Wolf". Amma, duk da wannan, da fasaha halaye na "Seawolf" yawa gaba da bin. Idan muka kwatanta wadannan biyu American model tare da mai gida "Ash", shi ne wani wuri a tsakanin. Features da abũbuwan amfãni daga Rasha submarine ne ingancin da makamai. "Movement" a kan ingancinta ne sosai fiye da Amirka "Tomahawk" cruise makamai masu linzami.

Daga Rasha model kawai "Severodvinsk" ne a matakin mafi kyau American jiragen. Amma ya daya ne kawai, amma foresees gina uku mafi ayyukan. Amma da lokacin da za su iya gina, Amirka za ta shiga wani sabon mataki na ci gaba.

dizal model

Rasha submarine jiragen ruwa (photo kasa) ya gabatar da wani iko sa na dizal model. Wannan ya bambanta daga US m kansu. A Amurka a kan batun na irin wannan jirage watsi har ma a tsakiyar karni na karshe. A Rasha, irin wannan submarine ne ba kawai ba za ta janye daga cikin balance sheet, amma ana ci gaba da rayayye samar da kuma tata. Mafi yawa daga cikin tasoshin da irin wannan shi ne wani kyautata model na "Warszawianka". A ta technicality su ne mafi ƙaranci daga gare nukiliya submarines, amma a kan makamai - ba a duk.

farko na dizal "Kalina" da aka shirya a ship a nan gaba. Its bambanci ne engine cewa gudanar ba tare da oxygen. Irin wannan model na iya zama a cikin karkashin ruwa sarari for game da wata, kuma ba zai bukatar ya fito fili.

Saboda haka, Amurka Navy ne yanzu a ganiya na ci gaba. Navy Rasha ma ta ~ uka komai cikin sharuddan ingancin, ko da yake a halin yanzu a karkashin aiki bincike aiki a kan da dama fronts. Duk da haka, shi ba a san abin da irin ci gaba zai zama mafi nasara.