Giant-aji submarine "Akula" Project 941: Siffar, halaye

Class submarine "Shark" shi ne har yanzu da undefeated rikodin na Tarayyar Soviet. Duk da yake a cikin m kewayawa na kwanaki 120, shi sauƙi crosses teku kada a gane shi da kuma ta da ƙarfin da karya da m Arctic kankara da kuma buga da abokan hamayyarsu burin a sakewa duk ammonium ballistic makamai masu linzami a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Yau, sami wani amfani a gare shi iya ba, kuma ta rabo ne m.

mu Amsa

A makamai tseren fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa tsakanin USSR da United States, da'awar da garesu daga wani isasshen martani ga juna kalubale. A cikin shekaru 70 da United States aka dauke da makamai jirgin tare da korar 18.7 tons. Its gudun ya da 200 raka'a, na kunshe a cikin kayan aiki da kuma kayan aiki, yana cika karkashin ruwa mai linzami ƙaddamar da wani zurfin 15 zuwa mita 30. A mayar da martani, cikin Soviet kimiyya da kuma soja-masana'antu hadaddun na kasar jagoranci bukaci halittar m fasaha.

A Disamba 1972 an bayar da dabara da kuma fasaha bukatun don ƙirƙirar submarine da cipher "Shark" da kuma yawan 941. Fara na gine-gine fara da gwamnati ta yanke shawarar fara tasowa da aikin da aka sanya yin CDB "Rubin". Aiwatar da zane tunani ya faru a cikin manyan rumfar ajiye jiragen sama na duniya - a cikin "Sevmash", kwanciya da ya faru a shekarar 1976. A lokacin shiri na submarine aka sanya da dama fasaha cimma gaci, daya daga cikinsu - da tara-ire Hanyar yi cewa rage lokacin ƙarshe. Yau, da wannan hanyar da ake amfani da yadu a cikin kowane irin Shipbuilding, amma submarine "Akula" aji ne na farko a cikin komai.

A karshen watan Satumba 1980 daga masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa na Severodvinsk aka kaddamar a fadar White Sea, na farko submarine "Akula" Project 941. A cewar labari, da teku, ko sun kasance, a baka na submarine sai an saukar a cikin ruwa, kasa da waterline aka fentin shark hakora fili, wutsiya a nade Trident. Bayan zuriya a cikin tẽku zane bace a karkashin ruwa da kuma logo taba gani kuma, amma mutane ta memory, m ga alamomin da ãyõyinMu, nan da nan ya ba da sunan da jirgin ruwa na soja - "Shark." Duk da wadannan irin 941 submarine karbi wannan sunan, kuma ga ma'aikatan jirgin nasu Alamun a cikin nau'i na ratsi a kan hannun riga da hoto na wani shark aka gabatar. A Amurka jirgin ruwa na soja da aka bai wa sunan "Typhoon".

zane

Karkashin ruwa aji "Shark" jirgin ruwan a tsarin kama da Catamaran - biyu housings, kõwane ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da wani diamita 7.2 mita, ana shirya a layi daya da juna a kwance jirgin sama. A shãfe haske daki tare da kula da module aka located tsakanin manyan jikinsu, akwai ramut da rediyo aikin injiniya makamai jirgin ruwa na soja. Roka naúrar ne a gaban jirgin ruwan tsakanin hulls. Don matsawa daga wani sashi na jirgin ruwan zuwa wani ya yiwu ga uku a mulki. A duka ƙwanso da aka hada da 19 watertight compartments.

Submarines na Project 941 ( "Shark") ne a yi, a yankan da tushe, biyu pop-fitarwa jam'iyya iya aiki domin duk ayyuka na ƙungiya. Sashe, wanda gidaje da tsakiyar ofishin, dake kusa da tsananin daga cikin jirgin ruwa na soja. Titanium plating rufe biyu tsakiyar jiki, da tsakiyar post, torpedo dakin, da sauran surface ne sewn karfe, a kan wanda wani Sonar shafi tam boyewa daga jirgin ruwan tracking tsarin.

Front retractable ƙafafun ne a kwance zane a cikin baka na jirgin ruwan. M sabon karfafa da kuma sanye take da wani madauwari rufin tsarin, m ya karya m kankara surface lokacin da ninkaya a arewacin latitudes.

halaye na

A cikin submarine irin 941 shigar ikon tsara ta uku naúrar (ƙãruwa ya 100,000 lita. S.) Block type, jeri aka diluted cikin biyu tubalan a matsa lamba ƙwanso, rage girma na Nei. Kamar wancan yi aka inganta.

Amma ba kawai wannan mataki sanya almara aji submarines "Shark." Halaye dutse mai daraja a hada biyu matsa ruwa reactor OK-650 da kuma biyu tururi-type injin turbin. All harhada kayan aiki ya yarda ba kawai don kara yadda ya dace da dukan aiki na submarine, amma rage vibration, kuma daidai da, inganta sauti rufi na jirgin. Makamashin nukiliya saituna aka kunna ta atomatik lokacin da wutar lantarki da samar da lantarki.

bayani dalla-dalla:

• Matsakaicin Length - 172 mita.
• Matsakaicin fadin - 23,3 mita.
• Jikin tsawo - 26 mita.
• Hijira (karkashin ruwa / sama ruwa) - 48 ton / 23,2 ton ..
• Jimiri ba tare da surfacing - 120 days.
• nutsewa zurfin (iyakar / aiki) - 480 m / 400m.
• ninkaya gudun (sama-ruwa / karkashin ruwa) - 12 raka'a / 25 raka'a.

makamai

Main makamai - m ballistic makamai masu linzami "bambance-bambancen" (jiki nauyi - 90 m, tsawon -. 17,7 m.). makami mai linzami kewayon 8.3 th. kilomita, da warhead ne zuwa kashi 10 warheads, kowanne daga abin yana da damar 100 kilotons na TNT da mutum shiriya tsarin.

Fara duk harsasai arsenal submarine iya zama guda gulp short tazara tsakanin fara makami mai linzami raka'a. Running harsasai sanya daga surface da kura idon, matsakaicin zurfin a farkon 55 mita. Design halaye na ammonium envisaged a makami mai linzami 24, daga baya rage zuwa 20 raka'a.

Features

Submarines na Project 941 "Akula" sanye take da ikon shuka ya kunshi raka'a biyu, rabu a daban-daban tam masu garu enclosures. reactors iya waƙa da bugun jini kayan aiki, sarrafa kansa martani tsarin a wata 'yar alamar asarar iko.

Lokacin da bayarwa aiki a zayyana a bukata kafun ya tsaro jirgin ruwan da ma'aikatan jirgin, da ake kira kariya radius, wanda aka lasafta ta Hanyar tsauri ƙarfi, kuma tabbatar da gwaje gidaje raka'a (biyu pop-up module da aka makala ganga, hada guda biyu housings da t. D.) .

Class submarine "Shark" da aka gina a cikin "Sevmash", inda musamman a duniya, most da aka tsara da kuma halitta ta na cikin gida boathouse, ko shagon da lambar 55. Ships na aikin 941 ne halin da ya karu buoyancy - fiye da 40%. Don jirgin ruwan gaba daya kura idon, ta ballast ya zama rabin ta kawar da, me ya sa akwai wata biyu sunan - "ruwa m". A yanke shawara a kan irin wannan zane da aka yi da wani nisa-gani ido - don gudanar da gyara da kuma m tabbatarwa za a bukata a kan data kasance Piers da kuma gyara masana'antu.

A wannan buoyancy tabbatar da rayuwa da jirgi a cikin arewacin latitudes, inda kana so ka karya a cikin wani lokacin farin ciki kankara murfin. Submarines "Shark" Project 941 jimre gindaya wani sharadi arewa iyakacin duniya, inda kankara kauri kai 2.5 m tare da concomitant kankara da kankara ridges influxes. da ikon bude kankara kauri, ya sha nanata nuna a yi.

Crew ta'aziyya

The ƙungiya daga submarine sun fi mayar da kammala tare da jami'an, sammacin sanda. Manyan jami'an ake housed a biyu-da hudu-gado bukkokin sanye take da wani TV, a wanke tasa, kwandishan, alkukai, desks da sauransu.

Matuƙan da junior jami'an samu a zubar da dadi Kubrick. Submarine rai yanayi sun fi dadi, kawai jiragen ruwa na wannan aji aka sanye take zauren wasanni ayyukan, waha, solarium kuma sauna. Domin kada ya karya daga gaskiya ma a cikin dogon yaƙin neman zaɓe, da mai rai yanki da aka halitta.

dage farawa har

A kan dukan zamanin da gina submarines nau'in 941 aka karɓa ta Navy shida Cruisers:

• "Dmitry Donskoy" (TK - 208). Soma a watan Disamba na shekarar 1981, bayan da inganci sake fara gudanar da ayyuka a watan Yuli 2002.
• TK-202. Na samu gida mai tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma sa a cikin sabis a watan Disamba 1983. A shekarar 2005, jirgin ruwan da aka yanka a cikin ya da karfe.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). Soma a cikin Arewacin rundunar motoci a watan Janairu na shekarar 1985. Yana da aka zubar a shekarar 2005.
• TK-13. A jirgin ruwa na soja da aka yi ijara da shi a watan Disamba na shekarar 1985. A shekara ta 2009, da jiki da aka yanka a cikin ƙarfe na submarine (shestiotsechny block reactors) an fassara ta a cikin dogon lokacin da ajiya a Kola Larabawa.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Kwanan ga Navy - Nuwamba 1987. Saboda da rashin harsasai tun 2006, tattauna batun yin amfani.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Sanya wa darajõji daga cikin Navy a watan Satumba 1989. A 2004 ya zo da ajiye saboda rashin harsashi, slated don zubar.
• TK-210. Bookmark gidaje yi ya zo daidai da dismantling na tsarin tattalin arziki. Ya rasa kudade da aka rushe a shekarar 1990.

Nukiliya submarine "Akula" aji aka karfafa a cikin daya division, abin da hidima a matsayin tushe na Yammacin Mutane (Murmansk yankin). Ma'anar kalmar sake gini Nerpichiya Bay aka kammala a 1981. Domin irin 941 Cruisers aka sanye take da gida tsayawarta line, Piers da musamman fasali, gina wani musamman crane 125 ton for loading da makamai masu linzami (ba izini).

yanzu jiha

Don kwanan wata, duk samuwa nukiliya submarine "Akula" aji dake a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa na yin rajista a kiyaye halittarsa, ya yanke shawarar su ƙaddara. A submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" An kyautata da kyau kayan aiki "Bulava". A cewar rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru, shi da aka shirya ya jefa maras yin abubuwa a cikin shekara ta 2016. Posts a kan aiwatar da shirin da aka ba.

Giant submarine Project 941 "Akula", shi ne har yanzu a na musamman da makamai, da kawai jirgin ruwa na soja, iya dauke a kan fama wajibi a cikin Arctic. Su ne kusan invulnerable zuwa anti-submarine, located a Amurka makamai. Har ila yau, babu wani daga cikin m maƙiyi yana da wani fasaha wajen gane jirgin sama jirgin ruwa na soja a karkashin kankara.