Iska tsaro na Ukraine. The iska tsaro na Armed Forces of Ukraine

A lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da Ukrainian sojojin ƙidaya daya sojojin iska tsaro (8th guda) da hudu iska Runduna, ciki har da manned latest a lokacin tsaro tsarin "S-300" jirgin saman soja "Su-27" da "MiG-29". Duk da haka, a cikin wani gajeren lokaci a tarihi, mafi yawan makaman sayar, zubar da ko shi ne daga whack. Farga da muhimmancin da ciwon m sojojin, da gwamnatin dauki wani yawan yanke shawara don ƙarfafa sojojin, musamman a cikin zamani na iska tsaro tsarin.

tarihi bayanai

By 1992, 8 raba sojojin kunshi shida manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa:

• 1st Air Tsaro Division (dPVO), Crimea.
• 9th dPVO, Poltava yankin.
• 11th dPVO, gabashin kasar.
• 19th dPVO rufe Kiev.
• 21th dPVO, Odessa yankin.
• 28th Air Tsaro Corps, yammacin Ukraine.

Radio injiniya tawagar tushen a cikin Kharkiv, Lviv, Sevastopol, Odessa da Vasilkov. A shekarar 1992, iska tsaro sojojin kunshi 132 anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami battalions sõyayya a 18 regiments da brigades. A mahadi da aka kammala da kuma aka tarwatsa don haka kamar yadda dogara rufe manyan masana'antu cibiyoyin, da kansa da juna.

yanzu jiha

Bayan shekaru 20 na tsaro na Ukraine ci gaba da zama wani karaya da karfi, amma saboda manyan yawan rabu amfani da makamai tsaro damar muhimmanci raunana. Radar tashoshin, bar kan daga Tarayyar Soviet, har yanzu ba ka damar sarrafa sararin samaniyar. Duk da haka, da rashin kayayyakin gyara da kuma rikici a kudu-maso-gabas shafa aiki na lamba na sa idanu tashoshin. A musamman, lalace radar Lugansk Avdeyevka, saboda wasu dalilai rasa iko tashoshin Crimean.

By da farkon 2000s tare da makamai cire iko amma m makami mai linzami tsarin "C-75" da "C-125". A shekarar 2013 kuwa shi ne bi da bi "kwasfa" Sam "S-200" daban-daban gyare-gyare. A karshe rabo da aka wargaza rundunar Sam "S-200V" 540 th rajimanti na Lviv.

Na musamman damuwa ne rashin horo na soja iska rundunar sojojin tsaron kasar na Ukraine. Wannan ba hali na m harbi bayan da ya faru tare da downed fasinja jirgin sama hatsari a 2001. Kawai 10% na ma'aikatan da harbi basira.

al'amurra

A lokacin, da iska tsaro na kasar yana da wani dogon zangon-anti-aircraft tsarin. Ganin wannan al'amari, gwamnatin ta kafa wani manufa a shekara ta 2016 za a fara a manyan-sikelin na zamani da iska tsaro, ciki har da iska tsaro da makami mai linzami da kuma tsarin radar tashoshin.

Babban cikas ne m karancin kudi. Sayi na zamani iska tsaro da makamai zai zama tsada sosai daga kasashen yammacin abokan. Bugu da kari, saboda siyasa da muradi kasashen waje ba tseren gaugawa a sayar da high-daidaici makamai na Ukrainian sojojin. The fitarwa zai zama sayan ƙananan-cost amma m iska tsaro tsarin (ciki har da wayar hannu) a Rasha, amma da tashin hankali tsakanin makwabta ba da damar wannan.

Ganin scarcity na kudi, da batun maido da kuma kyautata tsarin da "C-200" da kuma makomarsu zuwa fama wajibi. Duk da haka, soja masana m dangantaka da ra'ayin "reanimation" na rabu amfani da makamai.

Air magunguna

Iska tsaro na Ukraine yana mai bayyana management tsarin. Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami da sojojin da rediyo-fasaha sojojin ne alhakin aiki na radar da kuma tsarin iska tsaro makami mai linzami tsarin, wanda aiki ne don kare kasar sararin samaniyar. Wadannan Tsarin ne batun da Air Force na Ukraine.

Sassa amfani VOP makami mai linzami mai linzami tsarin "S-300PT" (NATO Nau'in SA-10a gunaguni), "S-300V1" (SA-12a Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10b gunaguni), " Buck" (SA- 11 Getfly). A cewar bayanai daga jama'a kafofin, akwai 11 raka'a a 2010, "S-300PS" da kuma 16 raka'a "S-300PT". Recent zahiri raya hanya. Masana sun kiyasta cewa kawai 8 rarrabu "S-300PS" ne iya dauke a kan fama wajibi.

A hadaddun halin da ake ciki tare da samar da iska tsaro tsarin halaka nufi. Iska tsaro roka tsarin "S-300" model dogon-5V55-na-rai, da kuma a kasar su na samar da ba a kafa.

ganewa kayayyakin aiki,

A Ukraine akwai sama da 200 da gine-gine da suka shafi iska tsaro, kazalika da 76 karin wuraren. 36 da aka sani aiki da kuma m matsayi 106 zuwa anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• farkon gargadi kayan aiki: 36 lebe.;
• radar shigarwa 36D6: 20.
• radar ganewa 64N6: 9;
• horo range: 3.

Mukaddashin matsayi na Sam:

• tsarin for "S-125": 2-matsayin.
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12.
• "S-300PT": 16.
• "C-300V1": 1.

M (m) mukamai ga Sam:

• Domin tsarin "S-75": 58 matsayi.
• "2Q12" 1.
• "S-125": 16.
• "C-200": 11.
• "S-300P" 19.

Farkon gargadi nufin

The iska tsaro na Ukraine ya ɓullo da wani wuri gargadi tsarin. Yana bayar da daban-daban radars located a ko'ina cikin kasar. Su matsayi, matsayin mai mulkin, dauke da daya ko fiye iri gargadin radars, kazalika da high-tsawo ganewa da kuma fitarwa tsarin.

Akwai 28 aiki gargadin matsayi da 8 ƙarin (ajiye), wanda aka tsara don sadarwa fadada ko muhallinsa kudi idan da bukatar taso.

20 matsayi 36D6 (Tin Shield) radar da kuma 8 matsayi radar 64N6 (Big Bird) samar da manufa ganewa da kuma yaƙi management ayyuka ga kasa iska tsaro cibiyar sadarwa. Sojojin samar da kasa da kuma iska murfin dabarun shafukan. Radar 64N6 36D6 da kuma shirya yadda za a samar m ɗaukar hoto. Wadannan tsarin ne iya sarrafa kusan dukkan iska sarari na Ukraine, kazalika da manyan yankunan da Black kuma Azov Tekuna.

Sam "S-200V"

Makamai iska tsaro tsarin a Ukraine ya hada da daban-daban kewayo. Gidaje "C-200" shi ne mafi dogon zangon-(har zuwa 250 km) a cikin Ukrainian anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami da sojojin. Har kwanan nan, da 5 data kasance batura "C-200" tabbatar da kariya daga iska sarari na kusan dukan gabashin yankin na kasar tsakanin Kharkiv da Luhansk. A karshe 11 ba yin matsayin "C-200" zama, ko da yake sun kasance m da za a yi amfani da su saukar da motsi AIDS, kamar "S-300PS." A gwamnati da tsare-tsaren - komawa zuwa oda da kyautata wurare a shekara 2016-18, saboda da rashin madadin dogon zangon gidaje.

Hukumance, ma'aikatar tsaron da'awar cewa yin amfani da "S-200V" 250-kilometer radius, amma samun shiga cikin Rasha jirgin sama a kan Black Sea saki karyata makami mai linzami "S-200" a watan Oktoba 2001, shi iya nuna cewa aiki kafa na "P-200D" 300-kilometer radius.

Sam "S-300P"

Ko da yake tsarin "S-200" da manyan radius daga mataki, duk da haka hadaddun VOP "P-300P" shi ne mafi yawa da kuma m. Ayyuka ne jerin 27 bangarori "S-300P" 16 batura sanye take da tsarin "S-300PT", da kuma 12 - tsarin "S-300P".

Girkawar tura don kare mafi muhimmanci siyasa, soji da kuma masana'antu bangarori na kasar. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa kare ta ba kasa da 6 batura kowane, Nikolaev (kuma da Sevastopol) - na a kalla 5 bangarori. Da dama gidaje rufe yamma.

Cikakken sanye take baturi Sam "S-300PT" yana da 12 launchers, yayin da batirin ya cika sanye take da Sam "S-300PS" yana 8 launchers. Kowane baturi sanye take da 5N63 ko 5N63S radar da wani radar ga kayyade low Flying hari 5N66 ko 5N66M. Dukansu radar tsarin kullum amfani da tawagar mast 40V6 jerin.

A babban birnin kasar, Kiev - kadai wuri wanda ya zauna da kariyar cikakken sa na jerin baturi "S-300P". All 6 kayayyakin kasance a sakamako, yi amfani da 4 "S-300PT", da kuma biyu - "S-300PS." Soja raka'a da iska tsaro rufe Kharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") da kuma Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - wadannan uku promtsentry kare da batura kowane. Dnepropetrovsk kare ta hudu baturi-powered "S-300PT".

dabara iska tsaro tsarin

Akwai tsari biyu na dabara iska tsaro da makami mai linzami da tsarin, wanda aka rubũtacce a cikin Ukrainian iska tsaro cibiyar sadarwa. APU amfani da tsarin "Buk" 9K37 da kuma "C-300V1". Wasu daga cikin wadannan tsarin ne batun da sojojin na iska tsaro, da kuma wasu - wasu fama makamai. Mobile tsarin da ake tsara don rufe da dabarun masana'antu, zamantakewa da siyasa abubuwa, soja samara da kanana.

Mod shelanta cewa da Army amfani da zabin "Buk-M", da kuma Air Force of Ukraine amfani da "Buk-M1". Ma'aikatar tsaron ma ta bayar da hujjar cewa Army yana amfani da wani canji na "C-300V1" (Gladiator), ya nuna gaskiyar cewa Ukraine ba shi da da tsarin na "S-300V2" (Giant), iya harba saukar ballistic makamai masu linzami.

ɗaukar hoto yanki

Ukrainian Sam cibiyar sadarwa da aka gada daga Tarayyar Soviet. Air kariya nufin shirya don kare key yawan cibiyoyin da kuma yanayin yankuna. A mafi densely rufe babban birnin Kiev, key masana'antu gungu a tsakiyar Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv da Odessa. Sashe na daga cikin batura da aka tarwatsa a fadin kasar.

Bisa ga generals, kasar daina razana yaƙi da NATO, bi da bi, Ukrainian sojojin sun rage yawan jiragen sama da kuma Sam tsarin. Ko da yake iska tsaro cibiyar sadarwa yana da muhimmanci rage a cikin size tun rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Ukraine har yanzu ya kasance isasshe sanye take kare kansu da iska hari.

Dabara da kuma dabarun

Mobile kayan aikin kamar "S-300PS", "Buk" da "C-300V1" iya aiki inda suke bukata - kusan ko ina a kasar. Dislocations 64N6 radar da kuma anti-aircraft tsarin 36D6 samar da yaƙi management support, da kuma kafa a raga, ko da inda suke located, godiya ga mai fadi da cibiyar sadarwa na farkon gargadi. Tun da Sam "S-300PS", yawanci located a kan shirye site, babban cibiyar sadarwa na m shafukan da Tsarin ne m matsayi na jeri na makami mai linzami tsarin. A Ukraine, fiye da 100 m (m) matsayi Sam daban-daban jeri.

Wasu m da mazan model. Duk da yake "C-200" da ba su dace sosai don kai farmaki maneuverable, daga gefen ko low-tashi hari, da tsarin iya hana CIA ko wasu manyan jiragen yakin kusa da iska sarari na Ukraine. Wata kila wannan shi ne saboda su ana tsammanin samu a kan wajibi bayan wasu gyare-gyare. In mun gwada rubuta-sam "S-300PT '70s na musamman da tsare-tsaren da soja a can.

kara ci gaba da

Domin 2016-2017 shirya na zamani da Ukraine ta iska tsaro. Systems na "P-200" da kuma "C-300PS" Za bukatar canji a 2016-2020. Ko ba tare da shan la'akari da sabis rayuwa, mafi kwana "S-300PS" da "C-200" bari. Saboda da m ci gaban da dabara ECM (lantarki cigaba), SEAD / MUTU (wajen magance maƙiyi iska defenses), da kuma sauran abubuwan da Sam data ba ya sadu da ruhun sau.

The aikin na shigo na mutum nodes / makamai ga tsohon gidaje, kazalika da samar da naka samfurin yin amfani da aka gyara na Ukrainian Enterprises da kuma kasashen waje abokan.

radar tsarin

Ukraine - daya daga cikin 'yan masana'antun a duniya, tasowa da kuma samar da radar a cikin rufaffiyar madauki. Duk da haka, mafi yawan kayan aiki da kuma makamai na Ukrainian sojojin da aka wakilta m model. A cikin mafi kyau idan - sabunta hanyoyin. Park lantarki da makamai sun dauki radar nomenclature lambobi da samfurori da al'ummomi da iri-irin a tsarin gudanarwa aiki da kai da kuma aiwatar radar bayanai.

Kamar yadda aka kiyasta na Ukraine, tare da kudi kasaftawa da APU a shekara ta 2016, gagarumin halin kaka suna nufin iska tsaro. Yana shirya ya saya 28 radar tashoshin da hažaka da shida raka'a. Duk da haka, da bukatar na sojojin a cikin sabon da kuma kyautata radar da kuma mai yawa fiye da shi ne game da ɗari biyu da guda. A gaskiya, to date, jihar na tsaro tsarin, musamman anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami da kuma radar radar sojojin, ya fita da bege ga mafi kyau. Kuma shi ne kan bango da cewa a Ukraine na da masana'antun da suka sami damar bayar da nasu m mafita ga idanu m sararin samaniyar.

Don kwanan wata, dakarun bar wani babban yawan radar P-18M, R-18MA (P-19MA). Godiya ga NGO "Aerotekhnika" vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" wadannan shuke-shuke ba kawai ya zauna a cikin sahu, amma aka sabunta hanyoyin. Bugu da kari, akwai sabon.

Radar "Malachite"

New Ukrainian sojojin a dire bukatar zamani radar, kamar "Malachite". Wannan tsarin shi ake kira na zamani da Soviet tashar P-18, amma da yawa a cikin hanyoyi shi ne quite daban-daban daga da wanda ya riga. Masana sun HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" sanya m canje-canje, da kuma a yau shi ne mai gaba daya sabon tashar. The "Malachite" sigina na dijital aiki ne aiwatar, da hade tare da zamani aiki da aka gane rigakafi, da proximal ganewa zone rage zuwa 2.5 km, ta ƙara gangaren eriya dangi da kwance matsayi a cikin + 15 / -15 digiri, da sauransu. D. "Malachite" yana da ganewa kewayon har zuwa 400 km, wato, da tashar tana gano da kuma tracks hari mafi alhẽri, kuma m fiye da kowane radar aiki yanzu a Ukraine.

Features na hadaddun da aka gaskiya ma kiyasta da Ukrainian, ma'aikatar tsaron. A sakamakon haka, radar tashar da aka ba kawai ya sa a cikin sabis, amma kuma a saka a cikin sojojin. A cewar kamfanin zuwa ta management "Ukrspetstekhnika", kamar yadda na Afrilu 2015 da sojojin shige game da dozin "Malachite" radar.

Part tashoshin daukar kwayar cutar Ukrainian matuƙan wanda aiki da tsarin a cikin yanayi sauran tamkar surface, daban-daban daga Soviet P-18. Aiki a teku yanayi ya nuna cewa tashar nasarar solves matsalar da tracking iska hari cikin su halaye, kazalika da surface hari a layi na gani. Wannan ne, da 12-mile zone, wanda shi ne karkashin bincika matuƙan, "Malachite" radar sarrafawa da yardar kaina.

Radar "MP-1"

New mita iyaka radar tashar ciwon alama "MP-1", yanzu halitta SPC "walƙiya." Designers sun aiwatar da dukan latest nasarori na kimiyya da tunani, da nufin leveling darajar stealth fasahar (stealth).

"MP-1" da aka tsara don batir, kazalika da aiki a yankin AMS Ukraine ta iska tsaro iko. Radar iya gane, waƙa da kuma auna azimuth, kewayo, tsawo da manufa, duk da tasiri na tsangwama.

A hasara na haihuwa tashar ake bukatar ka shigar da ƙarin kai raka'a raba injin turbin janareta cewa samar da ikon da tsarin. A sakamakon haka, radar dangane 3-4 inji. A sabon tashar "Minsk-1" na bukatar daya kawai kai naúrar. Duk da kayan aiki da aka sanya a kan shasi na KrAZ.

A zamani fama da yanayin da ake bukata don tabbatar da high motsi na tashar. Bayan 5-10 minti na aikin da kuke bukata kaura radar zuwa wani sabon matsayi. A "MG-1" sadarwarka ayyukansu, ba tare da barin abin hawa taksi, iko da aiki na, ta lura da iska halin da ake ciki nuni. A tashar ne don rediyo sadarwa a digital format, ta atomatik watsa da zirga-zirga halin da ake ciki a kan iska tsaro umurnin da kuma kula da cibiyoyin NE irin IP-15 ko IP-12. Bugu da kari, da tashar "Minsk-1" ne iya quite daidai da auna tsawo daga cikin dalilai na yin cikin tsarin na 3-tsara. Instrumental aiki iyaka ne kilomita 400. The aikin ne a ci gaba.

"Kwasakwasa" radar

Uku-tashar madauwari view 79K6 (fitarwa version - 80K6) "kwasakwasa" ya fara da za a ci gaba a 1992 da SPC "Spark". Kawai a cikin shekara ta 2007, radar soma wani APU. Duk da kayan aiki da aka sanya a kan radar mai kai naúrar.

A bayyanar a cikin Ukrainian sojojin radar 79K6 yarda to autonomously amfani da anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami battalions "S-300PT / PS". Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne zai yiwu a yi amfani da 79K6 birged tsarin (6 rarrabuwa). Domin babban dabara da kuma fasaha halaye na radar 80K6 shi ne a matakin waje analogues, kuma ta kudin akalla biyu sau da ƙananan fiye da ta fafatawa a gasa. Matsakaicin ganewa kewayon "kwasakwasa" shi ne burin 400 km. Duk da haka, a 3-5 m ² EPR ganewa kewayon hari a kan jirgin tsawo na 100 m ne 40 km. a tsawon 1000 m - 110 km. a tsawon 10-30 km - 300-350 km.

Don equipping sojojin da zamani radar wurare da kuma iska tsaro tsarin yanzu quite dacewa. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don kula da iko da sararin samaniyar da Ukraine da kuma ba da umarni na cikin gida da masana'antu.