Iskar gas musayar a cikin huhu tsokoki da kuma yadda suke?

akwai wani numfashi tsarin tabbatar da Kwayoyin, tsokoki da kuma gabobin da oxygen a cikin jikin mutum. Ya kunshi wadannan gabobin: hanci kogo, nasopharynx, maƙogwaro, trachea, bronchi da kuma huhu. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika su tsari. Kuma ma la'akari da gas musayar a cikin tsokoki da kuma huhu. Ƙayyade halaye na waje numfasawa faruwa tsakanin jiki da kuma yanayi, da kuma na ciki sunã gudãna kai tsaye a salon salula matakin.

Me ya sa muke shaka?

Mafi yawan mutane ba su yi shakka amsa: don samun oxygen. Amma ba su san me ya sa muke bukatar shi. Mutane da yawa amsar mai sauki ne: oxygen da ake bukata don numfashi. Sai dai itace wani mugun da'irar. Karya shi, za mu taimaka da Biochemistry cewa karatu da salon salula metabolism.

Bright zukatan wadanda suka yi nazari da wannan kimiyya, sun dade zo ga ƙarshe cewa oxygen kawota ga tsokoki da kuma gabobin, oxidizes carbohydrates, fats da kuma sunadarai. Wannan samar matalauta makamashi fili: carbon dioxide, ruwa, ammonia. Amma babban abu ne cewa a sakamakon wadannan halayen da ake hada ATP - duniya makamashi abu amfani da salula domin ta harshen damo. Za mu iya cewa da gas musayar a cikin huhu tsokoki da kawai da zai sadar da jiki da kuma ta Tsarin da ake bukata domin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na oxygen.

Ginshikai na gas musayar

Yana yakan haifar da wanzuwar akalla biyu da abubuwa, wanda wurare dabam dabam a cikin jiki na samar da tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Bayan da muka ambata a sama oxygen gas musayar a cikin huhu, da jini da nama ya auku tare da wani fili - carbon dioxide. An kafa ta halayen da dissimilation. Kamar yadda wani mai guba abu musayar, dole ne a samu daga cytoplasm na sel. Bari mu bincika wannan tsari a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Carbon dioxide ratsa ta yadawa ta cikin jikin tantanin cikin interstitial ruwa. Daga shi da ya shiga cikin jini capillaries - venules. Bugu da ƙari kuma waɗannan kwanoni ci, forming ƙananan kuma babba vena cava. Sun tattara jini tare da cikakken CO _2. Kuma yana kai shi zuwa ga tafarki atrium. Tare da rage ta bango rabo daga venous jini shiga dama ventricle. Ga fara huhu (kananan) wurare dabam dabam. Ya aiki shi ne saturate da jini tare da oxygen. Venous na huhu jijiya zama. A CO _2, bi da bi, ya zo daga jini da kuma cire zahiri ta hanyar numfashi tsarin. Don gane da yadda wannan ya faru, dole ne mu farko nazarin tsarin da huhu. Iskar gas musayar a cikin huhu da kyallen takarda ne da za'ayi a cikin wani na musamman tsarin - da Alveoli da capillaries.

A tsarin da huhu

Yana guda biyu gabobin located a cikin kirji kogo. A bar huhu yana da biyu lobes. Dama ya fi girma a cikin size. Yana yana da uku lobes. Ta ƙofofin haske da suka hada da biyu bronchi, wanda reshe fita ta samar da abin da ake kira itace. A cewar rassan iska motsa a lokacin inhalation da exhalation. A kananan, na numfashi bronchioles shirya kumfa - da Alveoli. Su suna tattara a cikin acini. Wadanda, bi da bi, samar da huhu parenchyma. Yana da muhimmanci cewa kowane vial dauke numfashi dauke da enmeshed capillary cibiyar sadarwa na kananan da manyan wurare dabam dabam. Riba reshe na huhu arteries samar da venous jini daga dama ventricle, aka hawa zuwa cikin lumen na Alveoli carbon dioxide. A efferent na huhu alveolar venules ake dauka daga cikin iska oxygen.

Jijiya jini gudana ta hanyar da na huhu jijiyoyinmu zuwa hagu atrium, kuma daga can - a cikin lakã. Its reshe arteries samar da wani jiki Kwayoyin dole for ciki oxygen numfashi. Yana da yake a cikin Alveoli na venous jini zama jijiya. Saboda haka, gas musayar a cikin huhu tsokoki da jini wurare dabam dabam da aka kai tsaye, a kananan da kuma wurare dabam dabam. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaba da murdede contractions na zuciya jam'iyya katangu.

external numfasawa

Haka kuma an kira na huhu iska. Shin musayar iska tsakanin waje yanayi da kuma Alveoli. Baya daidai inhalation ta hanci rabo na samar da jiki na iska abun da ke ciki: game da 21% Yã _2, 0.03% CO ₂ da 79% nitrogen. Bisa ga pneumatic hanyoyi shi shiga cikin Alveoli. Suna da nasu rabo daga iska. Its abun da ke ciki shi ne kamar haka: 14.2% Yã _2, 5.2% CO _2, 80% N _2. Numfashi, exhale kamar yadda kayyade a cikin hanyoyi biyu: juyayi da kuma humoral (maida hankali carbon dioxide). Saboda ruri na numfashi cibiyar na medulla oblongata, jijiyar ake daukar kwayar cutar zuwa numfashi intercostal tsokoki da kuma diaphragm. A girma daga cikin thorax ƙaruwa. Huhu, passively motsi bayan da contractions daga cikin kirji rami, an fadada. Iska matsa lamba a cikinta zama m fiye da yanayi matsa lamba. Saboda haka, da rabo daga iska daga babba na numfashi fili shiga Alveoli.

A exhalation aka yi bayan da numfashi. Yana yana tare da shakatawa na intercostal tsokoki da kuma kiwon baka na diaphragm. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a cikin huhu girma. The iska matsa lamba a su zama superatmospheric. Kuma iska tare da wani wuce haddi na carbon dioxide yakan a cikin bronchioles. Bugu da ari, a cikin sama numfashi fili, shi ya kamata a hanci kogo. A abun da ke ciki na exhaled iska kamar haka: 16,3% Yã _2, 4% CO _2, N ₂ 79. A wannan mataki, da waje gas musayar. Na huhu gas musayar, za'ayi Alveoli samar da Kwayoyin tare da oxygen zama dole domin ciki numfasawa.

salula numfasawa

Kunshe a catabolic na rayuwa da kuma halayen makamashi. Wadannan matakai suna karatu Biochemistry, da kuma ilmin jikin mutum da kuma Physiology. Iskar gas musayar a cikin huhu da kuma tsokoki da kuma dangantaka da juna ba zai yiwu ba tare da. Saboda haka, external numfashi interstitial ruwa kayayyaki oxygen da kuma kawar da carbon dioxide daga gare ta. A gida, kai tsaye, a cikin cell na ta da wasu gabbansa - mitochondria wanda tabbatar da oxidative phosphorylation da ATP kira, yana amfani da oxygen ga wadannan matakai.

Krebs sake zagayowar

Shin tricarboxylic acid sake zagayowar manyan zuwa cell numfashi. Yana kawo tare da kula martani anoxic mataki na makamashi metabolism da kuma matakai shafe transmembrane sunadaran. Yana kuma abubuwa a matsayin wani maroki na yi na salon salula abu (amino, sauki sugars, mafi girma carboxylic acid) kafa a tsaka-tsaki halayen, da kuma amfani da salula girma da kuma division. Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan labarin karatu da gas musayar a cikin huhu da kyallen takarda, kazalika ƙaddara da ta nazarin halittu rawa a cikin mutum kwayoyin.