¡Iyãma a Nuremberg shekaru 70 baya. Kotun Duniya kan shugabannin fi sani da Naziyanci

¡Iyãma a Nuremberg shekaru 70 bayan ta kammala zauna a m da kuma tunawa alama ce da adalci na Nazi laifi. Da shi shi ne karo na farko da irin a cikin tsari, wanda shi ne mayar da hankali na al'ummar duniya baki a farkon shekaru na zaman lafiya bayan faduwar Reich.

aiwatar kungiyar

Game da fitina daga cikin shugabannin Nazi Jamus ya fara magana dogon gabãnin cin nasara a cikin yakin. A farko na aikin gamuwa da Allied ministocin kasashen a kan wannan batu da ya faru a 1943. A lokacin da Yalta Conference, Stalin, Churchill da Roosevelt da kaina tãyar da wannan ƙayayuwa batun.

Kowace daga cikin al'ummai, a nasu hanyar gani da fitina na jagorancin Uku Reich. Fira Ministan Birtaniya, ko da shawarar cewa Hitler harbe kusa nan da nan bayan da aka kama. Stalin da Roosevelt a'a to shi. Ko ta wani hanya, amma na aikin yarjejeniyar da fitina da aka samu bayan nasarar a London Conference a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1945. A musamman, da aka harhada da jerin manyan Nazi yaki laifi, inda mutane 24 da suka hada da aka. A da soja, 'yan siyasa da kuma akidojin na uku Reich.

Hakika, duk da fari zai yi hukunci Hitler, amma ya kashe kansa a cikin bunker a Berlin kafin faduwar. Tare da shi ya dauki ransa manyan Nazi farfagandar Yozef Gebbels. Su kuma sauran shugabanni da gwamnatin tsoron a kama shi, bayan wanda zai bi Nuremberg gwaji. 70 Bayan shekaru, zuriyar iya ce tare da amincewa da cewa babu wani daga cikin babban cin zarafin zai kubuta ba azãba.

fara tarurruka

Nuwamba 20, 1945 ya bude da Nuremberg gwaji. A takaice, ya aka jiran dukan duniya. A kan shekara ta gaba, da 'yan jarida na duk m jaridu da wallafe daga kowace kasa da aka ƙoƙarin cire sabon bayani game da gudanar da bincike.

A farkon Nuremberg gwaji tako har da American gefe. A kan Hauwa'u na tsanani da rashin lafiya industrialist Gustav Krupp, da suka bayar da gwaji kudi taimako ga Nazi tsarin mulki. Amirkawa ji tsõron ya mutu, ba tare da jiran nasu jumla.

A total of 403 tarurruka. The kotun, daidai da London Yarjejeniyar, aka yi sama da wakilan da hudu nasara iko (Tarayyar Soviet, Amurka, Birtaniya da kuma Faransa). Kowace} asa ya halarci fitina hukunci, shugaban m da kuma da dama daga masana a cikin dokar. Alal misali, Tarayyar Soviet ya wakilci bukatun Ukrainian m Roman Rudenko, Justice Kanar Alexander Volkov. Har ila yau, a Nuremberg ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma da wakilan Tarayyar Soviet, da Kotun Koli da Jonah Nikitchenko.

A rikici tsakanin masõya

Gaggãwa kungiyar aka tare da general nervousness samu da duk 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Yana da aka haɗa da na halitta tabarbarewar dangantakar da nasara kasashen. Cold War ya ba tukuna fara, amma duniya da aka hanzari motsi zuwa ga mata. Jihar raba Turai cikin duniyoyin da tasiri. Ina mai saɓani moriyar ba kawai shugabannin siyasa amma kuma na akidu.

Landmark zama Fulton magana Churchill tsĩrar Maris 5, 1946, idan akwai da Nuremberg gwaji. 70 Bayan shekaru, masana tarihi sun yarda da cewa wannan magana da aka Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi, 'yan adawa demokra] iyya da kuma kwaminisanci da tsarin a cikin biyu da rabi na XX karni. Churchill zargi Soviet jagoranci a cikin halaka 'yancin walwala a kasar, ragewan da "baƙin ƙarfe labule" a kan jihohi, wanda ya samu halartar Red Army.

Hakan ya haifar da bombshell. Shafi shi, kuma a Nuremberg gwaji. A takaice, a cikin kotun suka fara bayyana more kuma mafi saba wa juna. Bugu da kari, cikin Nazi laifi sun yanke shawarar cewa wannan shi ne na karshe damar kauce wa azãba. A hali na yaki tsakanin Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet dukan tsari iya durkushe. The kare kansu sun zama bolder a jawabansa, kuma lauyan kuma canza da rhetoric.

kariya daga zargi

A Jamus lauyoyi da aka gina tsaro na zargi a kan da dama ka'idojin. Da fari dai, ya soki kungiyar na da tsari da kuma cewa shi ne bukaci jam'iyyar (masõya) maimakon mai zaman kanta kotun, kamar yadda shi ne ya saba a peacetime.

Na biyu, da lauyoyi ki gane da amincewar da sabon harshe a sentences. Alal misali, an ba data kasance kafin manufar "shirya wani soja hari" da kuma "laifi da zaman lafiya".

mutuwa sentences

Duk da haka, da yawa watanni na aikin da kotun ta haifa 'ya'yan. An gwada dubban takardun, da yawa daga aiki a kan tara shaidar laifuka. Bisa ga kotun mutane 12 da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Daya daga cikinsu - Martin Bormann - aka kashe yayin da gudu daga Berlin a kwanaki na arshe na yaki. Amma a lokacin gamuwa da gadon shari'a na jikinsa da aka taba samu, kuma da yawa suka gaskata cewa ya gudanar ya tsere. Saboda haka, ya yanke masa hukumcin kisa a baya nan.

Babban birnin kasar azãba da aka jiran da Germana Geringa - shugaban kasar na Reichstag da Reich Ministan sufurin jiragen sama. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muni Nazi Figures, ya rayu har zuwa kotu.

A farkon Nuremberg fitina da aka alama ta ambaci sirrin ladabi da Molotov-Ribbentrop yarjejeniya, wadda aikatã game da bangare na Poland da kuma m dangantaka tsakanin Jamus da kuma Tarayyar Soviet a 1939-1940. Domin Soviet gefen shi ya sosai m batun, wanda jam'iyyun kokarin gudanar da shawarwari kafin a fara aiwatar. Ko ta wani hanya, amma Ribbentrop samu hukuncin kisa. A yarjejeniyar da aka kulla da shi da kuma Molotov, da aka buga a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kawai a cikin shekaru na perestroika.

Sauran sakamako na aiwatar

Da dama mutane (ciki har da Rudolf Hess) sun samu rayuwa sentences a kurkuku. Su ma suna cikin wadanda ake zargi da kuma wajaba a kansa, misali, rediyo rundunar da kuma kiran kasuwa Gans Friche.

A Nazi Party, SD, SS, Gestapo da sauran punitive gabobin a cikin shekaru na Hitler mulkin da aka ayyana laifi kungiyoyi. Daga mai shari'a ra'ayi, shi ne wani muhimmin rubutun. Ya yarda fadada da kara yakin da denazification na Jamus da kuma sauran kasashen Turai, inda da yar tsana gwamnatocin akwai. Wadannan sakamakon jagoranci Nuremberg gwaji. The fitina ƙare Oktoba 1, 1946.

ƙarin kotu

Yana zai zama daidai ba ne a yi tunanin cewa da tarihi na Nuremberg gwaji ƙare bayan ƙarshe na babban kotun. Ya kasance demonstrative mataki. Ya yi hukunci a manyan laifi na uku Reich. Duk da haka, da Allied gidajen yarin mutane da yawa a kan wani karami sikelin, kuma da hannu a cikin Holocaust da kuma sauran kisan-kiyashi da Hitler tsarin mulki.

Saboda haka, a cikin 1946-1949 biennium. a cikin wannan Nuremberg wuce goma sha biyu matakai. Sun zama Mafarin Amirka jagoranci, wanda ya gabatar da} arar a shari'a. lokuta da aka sake nazari likitoci da hannu a cikin kwarewa mutane a maida hankali sansani, da SS jami'an, generals da sauransu. d. A mahukunta karanta fitar da dama na mutuwa sentences. Wannan babbar adadin aiki ba zai zama tare a daya da Nuremberg gwaji. Shekaru na bincike, tara shaida, tambayoyi da shaidu - duk wannan dade sosai tsawon lokaci.

A rabo daga gudu laifi

Wasu Nazi laifi a kwanaki na arshe na yaki a amince tsere daga kasar. Su ne mafi yawa zauna a Latin America, inda suka iya samun sababbin takardun da ƙarya sunayen. Wasu daga cikin wadannan yan gudun hijira sun taba aka samu.

Amma akwai lokatan in ba haka ba. Alal misali, daya daga cikin masu shirya na taro kisan kai da Yahudawa Adolf Eyhman kafin 1960 ya rayu a amince a Buenos Aires. Yana sa ido saukar, kama ya kawo wa Isra'ila Mossad sanda. A fitina daga Eichmann shekaru biyu. Ya massively ta rufe latsa kuma da yawa kamar Nuremberg gwaji. 70 Bayan shekaru, ya tsere da adalci Nazi shugabannin ya riga ya mutu daga tsufa, amma da cin zarafin bil'adama baki daya Allah wadai da duka al'ummar kasa da kasa.