Jimla sadarwa a mataki - description, fasali da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Jimla kimiyyar lissafi yayi wani sabon gaba daya hanya don kare bayanai. Me ya bukatar, sai dai yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a gina wani amintacce sadarwa tashar? Hakika, za ka iya. Amma jimla kwakwalwa an halitta, da kuma lokacin da suka zama ubiquitous, ta zamani, da boye-boye lissafi mai tsauri ne m, kamar yadda wadannan m kwakwalwa iya crack su a tsaga biyu. Jimla sadarwa ba ka damar encrypt bayanai ta amfani da photons - da muhimman hakkokin barbashi.

Wadannan kwakwalwa, samun dama da jimla tashar, ko ta wani hanya za ta canja halin yanzu jihar na photon. Kuma da ƙoƙari na samun bayanai sakamakon lalacewa. The canja wurin bayanai gudun aka, ba shakka, shi ne ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da sauran halin yanzu data kasance tashoshi, kamar tarho sabis. Amma jimla sadarwa na samar da wani yawa mataki na tsaro. Wannan, ba shakka, wata babbar da. Musamman a duniya a yau, inda cyber laifi na karuwa kowace rana.

Jimla sadarwar ga "dummies"

Lokacin da wani tattabara ya aka share ta gidan waya, bi da bi, ya maye gurbin rediyo gidan waya. Hakika, shi ne yau, ba su tafi ba a ko'ina, amma akwai sauran fasahar zamani. Kamar shekaru goma da suka wuce, da Internet ya ba tartsatsi kamar yadda su ne a yau, da kuma damar shiga iya samun quite wuya - ya tafi zuwa internet kulake, saya tsada sosai cards, da dai sauransu yau, ba mu zama, sa'a guda, da kuma sa ido free Internet .. 5G.

Amma da zarar sabon sadarwa misali, ba zai warware matsalolin da yanzu ta kungiyar na data musayar yin amfani da yanar-gizo, sami bayanai daga tauraron dan adam na ƙauyuka a kan sauran taurari, kuma haka a kan .. Duk wannan bayani dole ne a kiyaye. Kuma gudanar da shi, za ka iya amfani da abin da ake kira jimla katsalandan.

Mene ne jimla sadarwa? Domin da "dummies" ya bayyana wannan sabon abu a matsayin dangane da daban-daban jimla halaye. Yana ci gaba har lokacin da barbashi an rabu da juna ta wani babban nesa. Rufaffen da kuma daukar kwayar cutar ta amfani da jimla katsalandan key, ba samar da wani muhimmanci da bayanai hackers, suka yi kokarin sakonnin da shi. All suka samu - yana da sauran lambobin matsayin tsarin jihar na waje baki, shi za a canza.

Amma don ƙirƙirar duniya gaza watsa bayanai tsarin, kamar yadda kawai 'yan dubun kilomita, da alama iri na. A tauraron dan adam, ta kaddamar a shekara ta 2016, za ta taimaka wajen aiwatar da makirci na jimla key watsa nesa fiye da 7 da dubu. Km.

A farko nasara yunkurin amfani da sabon connection

A farko yarjejeniya na jimla cryptography aka samu a 1984. A yau, wannan fasaha da aka yi amfani da nasara a cikin bankuna. Sanannun kamfanonin fara miƙa su cryptosystem.

Jimla sadarwa mahada aka dauki a kan wani misali fiber na gani na USB. A Rasha farko kafaffen tashar da aka raini da tsakanin compartments "Gazpromabanka" a New Cheryomushki kuma Cow shaft. A total tsawon shi ne 30.6 km, baza kurakurai faruwa key, amma su kashi ne kadan - kawai 5%.

China ta kaddamar da wani tauraron dan adam da ãyõyinMu jimla

Duniya na farko da irin wannan tauraron dan adam da aka kaddamar a kasar Sin. Roka Long Maris-2D kaddamar a kan Agusta 16 2016, tare da cosmodrome Tszyu-Quan. 600 kg tauraron dan adam zai zama 2 years old gardama ga rãnã-synchronous madawwama biyu, da tsawo na 310 mil (ko 500 km) a karkashin "jimla gwaje-gwajen a kan wani cosmic sikelin." Wurare dabam dabam lokaci na na'ura a kusa da Duniya ne daidai da daya da rabi hours.

Tauraron Dan Adam jimla sadarwa kira Micius, ko "Mo Zi-", a cikin girmamawa ga Falsafa, da suka rayu a cikin V karni AD kuma, kamar yadda aka fiye ĩmãni, na farko da za'ayi Tantancewar gwaje-gwajen. Masana kimiyya suna faruwa ga karatu da ginshikai na jimla, yin katsalandan da kuma rike jimla teleportation tsakanin wani tauraron dan adam da kuma wani dakin gwaje-gwaje a Tibet.

A karshen watsa da jimla jihar na barbashi da qaddara nesa. Domin ganin wannan tsari bukatar wani biyu daga lauye (a cikin wasu kalmomi, nasaba) barbashi da suke a nesa daga juna. A cewar jimla kimiyyar lissafi, su sami damar kama bayanai game da halin da abokin tarayya, ko lokacin da kake nisa daga juna. Yana yiwuwa tasiri barbashi, wanda aka located in zurfin sarari, aiki a kan ta da abokin tarayya, wanda shi ne na gaba a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A tauraron dan adam za su haifar da biyu sarƙafewa photons da aika su zuwa ga Duniya. Idan gwaji ne nasara, shi zai alama farkon wani sabon zamanin. Jama'a da dama na wadannan taurarin dan Adam za su iya ba ne kawai don samar da ubiquitous jimla Internet, amma kuma jimla sadarwa a sarari domin nan gaba ƙauyuka a duniyar Mars kuma a kan wata.

Me ya sa muke bukatar irin wannan abõkan

Amma me ya sa muke bukatar wani tauraron dan adam jimla sadarwa? Shin data kasance al'ada da tauraron dan adam bai isa ba? Cewa wadannan taurarin dan Adam ba zai maye gurbin na yau da kullum. Ka'idar jimla sadarwa ne ga encode da kuma kare data kasance al'ada data tashoshi. Tare da taimakon, misali, riga samar da tsaro a lokacin zaben majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 2007 a Switzerland.

Non-riba bincike kungiyar Battelle Memorial Institute, daukawa fitar musayar bayanai tsakanin ofisoshin a Amurka (Ohio) da kuma a Ireland (Dublin) ta amfani da jimla katsalandan. Its manufa dogara ne a kan hali na photons - da muhimman hakkokin barbashi haske. Tare da su taimako, bayanai da aka shigar wanda ke aiki da kuma aika zuwa ga makõma. Rubuce, ko da mafi m ƙoƙari su tsoma baki, bar wata alama. Jimla key canji daukan sakamako nan da nan, da kuma gwanin kwamfuta yunkurin sami m haruffa. Saboda haka, duk data za a daukar kwayar cutar via sadarwa tashoshi, ba shi yiwuwa su sakonnin ko kwafin.

A tauraron dan adam za su taimaka masana kimiyya ya gwada key rarraba tsakanin kasa tashar da tauraron dan adam da kanta.

Jimla sadarwa a kasar Sin za a aiwatar ta hanyar fiber na gani igiyoyi, a total tsawon na 2 da dubu. Km da kuma hada 4 birane daga Shanghai zuwa Beijing. Series photons illa ma sha Allahu ba za a iya canjawa wuri, kuma mafi nĩsa a tsakãninsa da tashoshin, da hakan da damar cewa bayanai za a lalace.

Bayan faruwa wasu nesa, shi attenuates da sigina, da kuma masana kimiyya, domin ya kula daidai watsa bayanai, bukatar hanyar sigina na karshe bayan kowane 100 km. A cikin igiyoyi aka samu da yin amfani da tabbatar da gyara, wanda na nazarin key aka kofe zuwa sabon photons da ke kara.

A kadan tarihi

A shekarar 1984, Jean Brassard na Montreal University da Charles Bennett na IBM da shawarar cewa photons za a iya amfani da a cryptography for amince da muhimman hakkokin tashar. Suka kawo shawara mai sauki makirci na redistribution na jimla Hikimar keys, wanda aka mai suna BB84.

Wannan makirci na amfani da jimla tashar a kan wanda bayanai da aka daukar kwayar cutar tsakanin biyu masu amfani a cikin nau'i na polarized jimla jihohi. Overhears su gwanin kwamfuta iya kokarin don auna photons, amma ba zai iya yin shi, kamar yadda ya bayyana a sama, ba a samar da su su murdiya. A shekarar 1989, cikin Research Center of IBM Brassard da Bennett, Mun halitta duniya na farko aiki jimla Hikimar tsarin.

Abin da yake a Tantancewar jimla Hikimar tsarin (Cox)

Basic tehharakteristiki Coke (kuskure kudi, data kudi, da dai sauransu) an tsare ta sigogi tashar kafa abubuwa wanda ya samar da wani aika da kuma auna jimla jihohi. Yawanci Coke kunshi samun da yada sassa dagane watsa tashar.

Sources na radiation kasu kashi 3 azuzuwan:

• lasers.
• microlasers.
• haske-emitting diodes.

Domin Tantancewar siginar watsa matsakaici aka yi amfani a matsayin fiber na gani LEDs, hade a igiyoyi na daban-daban zane.

Nature halin asiri jimla sadarwa

Wucewa daga sakonni a cikin abin da daukar kwayar cutar bayanai da aka shigar wanda ke aiki hatsaisai tare da dubban photons ga sakonni a cikin abin da daya bugun jini, a kan talakawan, suna da kasa da hadin kai jimla dokokin zama tasiri. Shi ne yin amfani da wadannan dokokin da gargajiya cryptography damar isa sirri.

Rashin tabbas {a'ida Heisenberg amfani da jimla-Hikimar na'urorin kuma saboda shi, duk wani yunkurin canza a cikin jimla tsarin yin canje-canje ga shi, da kuma samuwar sakamakon daga irin wannan ji, mai karɓa gefen aka ƙaddara matsayin ƙarya.

Shin jimla cryptography 100% tabbacin da sata?

A ka'idar da shi ba, amma fasaha mafita ba gaba ɗaya m. Hackers sun fara yin amfani da wani Laser katako, da abin da suke sha'awa, jimla gane, bayan da suka gushe amsa ga jimla Properties na photons. Wani lokacin amfani da Multi-photon kafofin, da kuma maharan iya samun damar hawa daya daga gare su, kuma gwada m.