Kwaikwaiyo da Chekhov, da "sabon wasan kwaikwayo"

Kalmar "sabon wasan kwaikwayo" ya kawo tare da wani yawan fundamentally sabon, m hanyoyin da yin zane-zane. The ayyukan Maeterlinck, Ibsen, Shaw halitta da bambanci zuwa "da-sanya plays", da dominance of wanda aka lura a kan matakai na yammacin Turai sinimomi. Expertly Twisted mãkirci, suka captivated da masu sauraro isa ga shakata, amma bar wani gagarumin lamba a kan art sami ikon.

Kamar yadda na Rasha adabi, shi ya ƙunshi wani daban-daban hoto saboda wannan gagarumar sabon abu na wasan kwaikwayo Ostrovsky. Duk da haka, a juya na karni da shi idon basira ilmi da ɗan tikis, maye gurbinsu da "sabon wasan kwaikwayo". Alexander Blok, Leonid Andreev da Maxim Gorky halitta ta musamman kayayyaki, ko da yake da canji a cikin irin rikici, da mãkirci gyara lura riga a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mazan zamani, Antona Pavlovicha Chehova.

Daga vaudeville to bala'in yau da kullum

Da masu bincike suka gudanar da bincike na Chekhov ta kwaikwaiyo, ya zama ruwan dare a ban mamaki ayyukan da dama da lokaci. Farkon ayyukan (tare da banda "Ivanov") Ya halitta a cikin Genre na vaudeville kuma daban-daban ne ba tukuna wani kafa art tsarin. A daidai wannan lokaci, irin Chekhov ta plays a matsayin "The Bear", "Wedding", shi ne conceptually kusa tare da marigayi, lyrically bakin ciki "tsuntsun seagull" da kuma "The Cherry lambu". Su tsakiyar motifs ne vulgarisation mutum da yunkurin hana wannan tsari. Tare da daya bambanci: a vaudeville marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, ya mayar da hankali a kan Filistiyawa - mutanen, kasancewar abin da aka garwaya da rayuwar yau da kullum, kuma ta haka ta zama wata hanya ta rayuwa.

irin rikici

Da aka buga a 1896, da play Chekhov ta "The tsuntsun seagull" shi ne cikakken daidai da ka'idojin da "sabon wasan kwaikwayo" da fari godiya zuwa wani sabon nau'in rikici. Tun bayan kwanaki na Shakespeare ya zama al'ada cewa rikici faruwa tsakanin haruffan: Claudius da alƙarya, King Lear da kuma 'ya'yansa mata. Su saƙa, da mãkirci a juna, kalmar da aiki. Chekhov wasa (musamman "The tsuntsun seagull") za a iya fassara a matsayin wani gwagwarmaya tsakanin al'ummomi: mazan wakilta Arkadina, Trigorin, da kuma matasa - Konstantin Treplev da Ninoy Zarechnoy.

Amma shi ne da gaske? Wannan tambaya ne a kaikaice alhakin Chekhov kansa, yin comments game da "Filistiyawa" Maksima Gorkogo: "Kawai ba hamayya da shi (aiki na Nile) Bitrus da Tatiana, bari shi kadai, kuma sũ, a kan nasu ..."

Wannan magana ne da cikakken zartar da "tsuntsun seagull": a gaskiya, an hampered a wasu hanya ko TRIGORIN Arkadin addashin aiki na protagonist? Ashe, akwai wani haƙiƙa, saboda da ayyuka na sauran haruffa dalilai for Andrey Prozorov kyauta up kimiyya da kuma zama saba wa lardin rayuwa? A korau amsar wadannan tambayoyi ya tabbatar da cewa rikici a "sabon wasan kwaikwayo" ya fita ba tsakanin hali da kuma sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Babban antagonist a Chekhov ta play tsaye Wall (image dauka daga wannan ayyuka na Leonid Andreev) Wani a Gray, rabo kanta, unpredictable da capricious.

lyrical mãkirci

Chekhov ta kwaikwaiyo da musamman yi na mãkirci. Wuta a kusa da gidan gona Prozorov, da duel tsakanin Tuzenbach kuma, gwargwado, Konstantin ta kashe kansa - duk wadannan batutuwa ne ya ruwaito kamar yadda idan a shigewar, da kuma, a gaskiya, ba su da wani tasiri a kan hanya na events.

Amma zai zama wani ƙari a ce da mãkirci a cikin plays na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, ba kamar yadda irin wannan. Ya ke shiga cikin subtext zama lyrical. A mafi muhimmanci, kamar yadda aka boye daga viewer, kuma kawai lokaci-lokaci sa kanta ji m phrases (zaton "Tarara Bumba ..." Chebutykin) ko bai dace ba ayyuka. Da suke bayyanãwa mai gudana tunani aiwatar da kowane daga cikin haruffa. Duk da haka, wannan rafi na sani objectified bauta ware, game da shi, da barin bincike don magana game da wani sabon nau'in wasan kwaikwayo - da roba, wanda hadawa almara da kuma lyrical farkon.

Space da kuma Time

"Flowering ceri, m fari lambu ... Kuma Ladies in fari riguna" - wani abu kamar Stanislavski ya bayyana sabon shirin Chekhov. A play "The Cherry Orchard" (wanda shi ne nufin marubuci) ne shaida daga cikin muhimmancin da wuri mai faɗi a matsayin naúrar na haƙiƙa duniya na Chekhov ta ban mamaki ayyukansu. Nature ne rai, shi ba "jefa", "ba heartless fuska," kuma heroes cike da motsin zuciyarmu, shi ya zama m.

Amma lokacin, domin heroes na "Three Sisters" da sauran ayyukan shi aikin wani mai hallakarwa ya hallaka fatan for mafi rayuwa. Future a Chekhov ta kwaikwaiyo ne ko da yaushe bai tabbata ba; marubuci sau da yawa koma ga wani bude ƙarewa, don haka hali na "sabon wasan kwaikwayo".

haruffa

A kwaikwaiyo na Chekhov - mutane su ne mafi yawa m, hazaka. Kuma da basira da ba a iyakance ga masu sana'a da ayyukan. Inda kasa m mediocrity kamar Professor Serebryakov ko Kulygina malami. Wannan yanayin bayyana Outlook Chekhov, suka yi ĩmãni cewa gaban iyawa - shi ne wani na game alama na kowane mutum, da kambi na sararin samaniya. A dokar akwai wani zatonsa na rashin laifi. A marubuci zai yi aiki wani lokaci - zaton na talanti ɗaya, bisa ga abin da kowanne daga cikinmu zai iya nuna tayascheesya a iyawa, shi zai zama lokacin da ya dace da shi.

darajar

Daga cikin ayyukan Strindberg, Ibsen da Shaw kwaikwaiyo na Chekhov samu ta rightful wuri. Sun rubuta wani sabon irin rikici, wanda yana da wani asali hali, dacewa ga m Rasha da kuma duniya wallafe-wallafe.