Ostrovsky wasan kwaikwayo (Kostroma): tarihin halitta da kuma sharhin da

Ostrovsky wasan kwaikwayo an dauki daya daga cikin tsofaffin a Rasha, suka tsira da cikakken aikin yau. Yana sa kasashen waje da kuma cikin gida na gargajiya ayyukansu.

The asalin

Jihar Theater Ostrovsky bude kofofin ta ga jama'a a 1808. Sa'an nan Kostroma wani mai-arziki birni inda 'yan kasuwa suka zauna. Ko a yau za ka iya samun haihuwa gidaje da cewa an kiyaye daga waɗanda sau. Sun sayi kayan cinikinki daban-daban kayayyakinsa, da kuma gaba aiki rayayye barkers.

A wannan lokaci, An haife ni a Kostroma, wani iyali na arziki, fatake Fedor Grigorevich Volkov. Daga baya, ya zama kafa na wasan kwaikwayo a Rasha. City gano wani sabon gaba daya art. A 1863, Moscow da wata wasan kwaikwayo-Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky. Kuma a tsakãninsu, a cikin 1823, aka haife Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky, da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, wanda ya nuna hakikanin rai Rasha fatake.

New art nau'i na son m yanayi. Tun da 'yan kasuwa ne, ba matalauta mutane, ba za su iya tallafa wa manufofin matasa da kuma talented playwrights,' yan wasan kwaikwayo taimaka. Natsuwã fara shirya ko kafin Ostrovsky wasan kwaikwayo da aka bude. Kostroma ya zama cibiyar art. A farko wasanni da aka nuna a lokacin mai zaman kansa liyafar a gidan da kuma a kasar cottages. Suka buga serfs. A tsawon lokaci, suka maye gurbinsu da masu sana'a 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

protohistory

Kostroma Drama wasan kwaikwayo a karon farko da aka ambata a 1808. Zai yiwu shi ya wanzu kafin, amma babu wani aikin hukuma bayani. Mahalli buga fita a kan ƙasa na zamani asibiti - musamman fagen fama aka gina a can. Ta farko ya nuna play "Miller - mai sihiri ne, da mayaudarin da matchmaker." A wannan gini maraba da baƙi daga mallaka Moscow wasan kwaikwayo aka tilasta su bar gidajensu a 1812. Kowane recoup su yi haka sha'awar da masu sauraro da su kansu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na gida a cikin tarihi na Kostroma scene fara wani sabon zagaye. Famous 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na lokaci sun Kartsov, Anisimov, Chagin, Glebov, Sergeev, Obreskov.

New tsari ga haikalin Melpomene

Ba da da ewa, a kananan gini ya kananan, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo da aka tilasta nemi a dace size mataki. Yana da aka samu a Lower Jungle. Wannan titi ne sananne ga gina na farko da dutse wasan kwaikwayo. Tun da farko a wannan wuri da aka located tannery Syromyatnikova, m na biyu guild. Kuma da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma masu sauraro haka amfani da su da irin wannan m, a cikin birni, dõmin su a wata hanya mamaki da lafiya line art da kuma masana'antu. Daga cikin ginin wannan rana kome an kiyaye su. kawai rubutu na baya sau da bayanin gabatarwa da aka yi watsi. Shaidu da aka ambata cewa titi jũna a zama cewa da zaran bango. Mun ya sauka, sai su tafi sama a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo dakin. Amma da tsakar gida yayi wani kyakkyawan ra'ayi na Volga.

Wannan ginin ya wasanni Shchepkin, wanda ya taka leda da rawa a cikin play Tortsov "Talauci shi ne babu laifi." A cikin zauren akwai masu kallo Potekhin da Pisemsky. Kuma 1863 ya da wani alama ga Kostroma wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da Pavlovskaya titi gina musamman gini ga shi. Kifar da shi duk da townspeople. A da crowning gine-gine art a Kostroma a lokacin. A single-storey gidan ya fi kama da wani Greek Haikalin, da yawa ginshikan, Semi-madauwari facade da kuma Semi-rotunda shirayi.

Legend a mataki

Yan unguwa har yanzu yi imani da cewa wannan gini ya sãme allahntaka hari. Lokacin da aka fara kawai da za a gina, da tubalin da aka dauka daga tsohon sufi na Epiphany, wanda ya kone kadan a baya. Magina saya kayan da ba musamman damu game da camfe. A 1865 da wasan kwaikwayo ƙone kusan zuwa ga ƙasa. Yana da aka mayar a cikin shekaru biyu.

update

Mukaddashin nagartattu dauka tare da taimakon masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa. Suna quite sau da yawa yake sanyaya dukan abun da ke ciki. Har 1917, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo taka leda Neverin, Zolotarev-Belsky, Ivanov, Chal-Kostroma. A kan kafadu da 'yan kasuwa suka tafi karba aiki na ba kawai' yan wasan kwaikwayo, amma kuma domin sanin repertoire. A daya Theatrical kakar za a iya taka leda fiye da dozin wasanni. rawar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo koyi rare har karshen, sau da yawa improvised da kuma ko da yaushe tsammani tips daga prompter, wanda ya zauna a cikin rumfa.

A 1898, da Kostroma ziyarci fage da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Maly wasan kwaikwayo, daga cikinsu shi ne shahararren iyali Sadovsky. Daga 1899 zuwa 1900 wani sabon kasuwa reworked masu sauraro da aka kasaftawa more sarari ga kungiyar makada ta rage yawan kwalaye. Amma a shekarar 1900 ya ƙone da kasa a haraba.

wartime

A cikin shekaru 1914-1915 a kan mataki sun Varlamov, Davydov daga St. Petersburg. Daga can ya zo da actor Santa Dalsky. Ya zauna a cikin Kostroma daga 1915 zuwa 1917.

Wasan kwaikwayo kusan halakar da Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917 shekara. A shekarar 1918, shi ya kawo play da Gorky ta "The Lower acan karkashin" daga Moscow. Kowane motsi wasan kwaikwayo da aka rubuta a cikin City reshen jam'iyyar. Sashe na daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo koma St. Petersburg, wasu zauna da kuma nuna mafi kyau plays daga wani karamin jerin zabi daga.

A shekarar 1923, ma'aikata da aka bai wa sunan mai girma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. Daga yanzu shi ne Kostroma Drama Theater. Ostrovsky. Kwaikwaiyo, wanda za a iya nuna, dole daidai da shugabannin jam'iyya.

Lokacin da yakin duniya na II ya fara, da nagartattu miƙa raba, shirya don rufe gidan wasan kwaikwayo Ostrovsky. Kostroma a lokacin da aka je ta real bala'i. Amma da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ƙiya. Isa sufetocin ba su sa ran ganin "live" Wasan Kwaikwayo Ostrovsky, da wasanni a cikin abin da sanarwa da aka tattara daga masu sauraro. Bayan ganin wasanni, suka ba da koren haske zuwa scene Kostroma ci gaba aiki.

Daga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da gaban da ya tafi ya na musamman tawagar kunsha na goma sha biyar mutane. Suka buga wa sojojin wasa Ostrovsky ta "Gaskiya - kyau, amma da farin ciki shi ne mafi alhẽri".

A shekarar 1944, gidan wasan kwaikwayon bikin ranar tunawa da ba shi da matsayi na shiyya. A babban rabo, duk da yaki, akwai lokatan lush kuma mai haske.

bayan da yaki,

Daga shekarar 1957 har zuwa shekarar 1958 ginin ya fara sake gina. Ya partially koma tsohon bayyanar, kuma a ciki da canje-canje sanya ta m Joseph Sheftelevicha Sheveleva.

A shekarar 1983, da Drama wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan Ostrovsky aka bayar da cibiyar Order of Red Banner.

A shekarar 1999, ya samu matsayi na jama'a ma'aikata.

Wasan kwaikwayo Ostrovsky: repertoire

Dalili na Kostroma scenes zama fi so guda a cikin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Ostrovsky. Su da aka sanya a matsayin marubuci a cikin rayuwar da wasa a wannan rana. Har ila yau daga cikin gargajiya wasanni za ka iya ganin wasan kwaikwayo na William Shakespeare, Aleksandra Pushkina, Lva Tolstogo, Molière, George Bernard Shaw, Dzhona Patrika, Irzhi Gubacha, Alejandro Casona da sauransu. Tare da dogon-sani ayyuka suna nuna da kuma marubucin karbuwa daga matasa marubuta.

Wasan kwaikwayo Ostrovsky sau da yawa kiran da ni zuwa ziyarci kamfanoni daga sauran garuruwa. Actors daga babban birnin kasar sau da yawa kawo asali productions. Bugu da kari, ma'aikata shi ne maigidan da dama, daban-daban awards na kasa da kasa da kuma na kasa da bukukuwa.

A mafi m guda a cikin sharhin:

• "The Neman sanin Savage" - a comedy dangane da labari Dzhona Patrika.
• "Bone ya tabbata daga wit" Griboyedov.
• "Duk da yake ta mutuwa," Natalia Ptushkina.
• "Boris Godunov" by Pushkin.
• Modern karbuwa daga cikin play "Romeo Juliet" da Shakespeare.
• "Hadiri" Ostrovsky.