Makaman nukiliya fashewa a tarihi

A farkon forties na XX karni yana da arziki, a gagarumin events ga kimiyya. Yana da aka alama ta mafi girma binciken a fagen nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi da kuma nufi ga bil'adama babbar dama utilitarian nada sabon iko tushen samar da makamashi. Amma da duniya siyasa halin da ake ciki a lokacin m hanya na tarihi. Kokarin masana kimiyya a kasashe da dama don kaitsaye da amfani da makamashin nukiliya cikin lumana hanya, duk a banza, tun da fifiko da aka sa a cikin ni'imar kafa wani sabon nau'in makami.

A farko a ci gaba da makaman nukiliya buga da United States. An ci gaba a cikin aikin da code sunan "Manhattan Project." The uku da bama-bamai da aka halitta a lokacin wannan aikin, wanda ya ba da sunayen na "Triniti", "Fat Man" da kuma "Little Boy". Bomb "Triniti" da aka tayar a lokacin wani gwajin makaman nukiliya, "Fat Man" da aka kika aika a Nagasaki da Hiroshima atomic bam ya samu daga "yara".

A labarin da ke cewa, a watan Agusta na shekarar 1945, daidai da makonni uku bayan da gwaji na farko atomic bam, shugaban kasar Amurka Harry Truman ya umarci harin bom na Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki. Haka kuma, akwai wani atomic fashewa a kan Hiroshima, da kuma kwanaki uku daga baya, a karo na biyu da bam da aka kika aika a Nagasaki a kan Agusta 6 wannan shekara. American gwamnatin yi imani da cewa ta hanyar yin haka sa an kawo karshen yaki tsakanin Amurka da kuma Japan.

Makaman nukiliya fashewa sa kolosalnye sakamakon. Bayan harin bom da ya fashe a Hiroshima mutu ƙidaya game da ɗari da dubu arba'in mutane. Nagasaki ma rasa game da tamanin da mutane dubu. Japan da wani zabi, amma don mika wuya. Saboda haka, Agusta 15th kayan aiki na sallama da aka sanya hannu a kan Japan gwamnati. A tarihin duniya nukiliya fashewa busa a cikin biyu Japan birane, shi ne kawai daya fashewa, musamman da nufin rushe mutane.

Tun asali bude a fagen nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi sun mayar da hankali a kan m aikace-aikace na zaman lafiya dalilai, da gudanar da bincike a cikin wannan shugabanci ya ci gaba. Tuni a shekarar 1949, Tarayyar Soviet, masana kimiyya ya fara ci gaba for nukiliya ikon ayyukan. A zamanin May 1950 ya fara yi a duniya na farko nukiliya ikon shuka a kusa da kauyen na Obninsk, Kaluga yankin, kamar yadda an riga an kaddamar a shekaru hudu. A 'yan shekarun baya, mataki na farko da na biyu Soviet nukiliya ikon shuka a Tomsk yankin a Seversk da aka gabatar. A wannan shekara suka fara yi na Beloyarsk tashar a cikin Urals birnin Zarechny, Sverdlovsk yankin. Bayan shekara shida, na farko lokaci na tashar aka sa a cikin aiki, da kuma 'yan watanni bayan fara Beloyarki aka kaddamar a farkon block na nukiliya ikon shuka a kusa da birnin Novovoronezh. A cikakken iko, da tashar sanã'anta bayan da commissioning na mataki na biyu a shekarar 1969. A shekara ta 1973 aka alama ta kaddamar da Leningrad nukiliya ikon shuka.

A yi na m nukiliya ikon shuka a arewacin Ukraine, kusa da birnin nuclear, aka za'ayi a 1978 da kuma ƙare tare da ƙaddamar da hudu naúrar a 1983. Aikin wannan makaman da aka gaza aikin da nan Tarayyar Soviet. A nuclear hatsari ya ba shi kadai. A cikin watan Satumba 1982, a lokacin da gyara na farko block na reactor hatsari a tashar, tare da sakin cikin yanayi na da gas-tururi cakuda rediyoaktif. A sakamakon haka, wani gagarumin saki da ƙasa da aka shafa, ko da yake hukumomi sun bayyana cewa, a hukumance yanayi ba ya canzawa.

A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rabo na nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka hatsari ya buga, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1986. Makaman nukiliya fashewa a chernobye tsawa a cikin 00 hours 23 minutes Afrilu 26 a lokacin da gwajin na gaba turbogenerator. Fashewar gaba daya hallaka cikin reactor, rufi na inji mai farfela zauren rushe, akwai fiye da talatin da kujeru na wuta. By karfe 5 da safe duk da gobara da aka shafe ta. A hadarin da aka bi da wani iko rediyoaktif da kima. A lokacin da fashewar aka kashe mutane biyu daga cikin tashar, fiye da dari mutane da aka aika zuwa Moscow. Saboda da hatsari, fiye da ɗari da talatin da ma'aikata na nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka da kuma gaggawa ma'aikata samu radiation cuta.

A general, da kowa yana da data na nukiliya fashewa a chernobye ta da'awar 28 rayuwarsu, da kuma game da ɗari shida da mutane sun samu gagarumin radiation kashi, wanda da yawa daga cikin damuwa events gani a wannan rana.