Miklos Horthy - shugaba na Hungary a interwar lokaci

Bayan yakin duniya na, Hungary rasa 2/3 na da karkararta. Har ila yau, kasar ta rasa wani gagarumin ɓangare na tattalin arziki da kuma damar zuwa teku. A wannan halin da ake ciki, kasar wajibi ne kamar yadda iska ya wani karfi shugaban na amincewa da shirin. Irin wannan shugaba, kuma ya zama Miklos Horthy.

Shekaru na kuruciya da kuma samartaka

A nan gaba regent aka haife Yuni 18, 1868 a wani babban iyali na matsakaici gonaki. Iyaye masu ilimi kuma ya yi ĩmãni da cewa su ya kamata yara su ma samun mai kyau ilimi. Riga 8 shekaru Miklós Horthy ya fara karatu a kwalejin Debrecen reformatory. A 1878, da iyaye na Miklos fassara a cikin Jamus makaranta (Sopron). A 1882, bayan da ya wuce zabin a gasar mutane 12 a wuri, Horthy zama dalibi na sojan ruwa Academy a cikin rãyuwar Croatian birnin Rijeka. Ya sauke karatu daga wannan makaranta a 1886.

Miklos Horthy: biography girma

Our gwarzo ne riga nan da nan bayan da Academy fara nuna ƙwarai ikon a Maritime kasuwanci. Generals na Austro-Hungarian sojojin lura ya talanti. A 1894, sojoji ya bayyana a farko jirgin zuwa tururi gogayya. Fuskanci wannan mu'ujiza da fasaha da aka samu izini Miklos. Shekaru shida daga baya, ya zama kwamandan wata babbar jirgin. A fili yake cewa a kowace karuwa da matsayi da ake sa wani sabon soja daraja.

Har 1918, Miklos Horthy (photos za a iya gani a cikin labarin) ya umarci dama jiragen ruwa. Ya halarci fadace-fadace da yakin duniya na farko. A karshe watanni na Austro-Hungarian Empire, a lokacin da rundunar kokarin ajiye daga rushewar Karl Habsburg zabi Miklós Horthy rundunar sojoji.

Hungarian hakikar bayan karshen duniya na farko

A sakamakon da Versailles yarjejeniyar tsarin Hungary na daga cikin jihohin da. A ka'ida, da ajizanci na zaman lafiya yarjejeniyarsu ya bayyana kusan nan da nan, amma su tallafi da tabbacin karshen tashin. A kan tushen da Austria-Hungary da aka halitta da dama kasa jihohi. A sakamakon haka, da wucin gadi rabo daga yankuna Hungary rasa 30% na kabilanci asashe. Muna magana ne game da kimanin 3.3 miliyan mazaunan.

A yarjejeniyar da Versailles a gaskiya ƙasƙanci Hungarians a matsayin al'umma. Tun da Hungary yi kusan daidai kamar da Jamus. Makasudin Miklós Horthy a post na regent ya mayar kasa yawa da kuma tasiri na Hungary a Turai.

Domestic siyasa hortistkogo yanayin

A interwar lokaci a Hungary yi musamman kula da tsarin. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, a jihar zauna a daular mulkinsu. A gaskiya, bayan da kifar da Habsburg sarakuna a 1919 ba, kamar yadda da Entente tilasta Charles IV zuwa abdicate. Bugu da kari ga Nuwamba 1, 1921 da Hungarian gwamnatin bayar da umarni a kan karbo daga cikin Habsburg daular monarsheskogo kursiyin.

A post-yaki shekaru na 1950-1980 historiography Game da mataki na Board of Miklós Horthy a Hungary a matsayin farkisanci mulkin kama karya. Ina son saba da shi, saboda:

- a jihar aiki bicameral majalisar dokokin kasar, wanda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yanke shawara a matakin qarshe.

- shi aka kafa Multi-ƙungiya tsarin .

- a za ~ en adalci, jam'iyyar iya shiga duk kwatance.

- shi aka kafa real aiki na jam'iyyun adawa a majalisar dokokin kasar a matsayin wani kashi na dimokuradiyya.

A tattalin arziki sharuddan, da halin da ake ciki a jihar ta tsananta ƙwarai. A Duvalier (kamar yadda aka kira Soviet masana tarihi) ba sosai, masani a cikin tattalin arzikin, sai su yi magana da wani tsanani garambawul a cikin wannan yanki shi ne, ba wajibi. Babu canji ya nufi da cewa halin da ake ciki a shekara ta 1932 fiye da 800,000 Hungarians zauna m. Idan aka kwatanta da 1920, halin da ake ciki lalle ne, haƙĩƙa inganta, amma ba ta yawa.

Sosai a kan tattalin arzikin Hungarian buga da tattalin arziki na duniya rikicin na 1929- 1933 shekaru. A 1930, akwai fall a Budapest Stock Exchange. The riga low ci gaban tattalin arziki da aka dakatar. All post-yaki shekaru goma, albashin ma'aikata a masana'antu zauna low.

Kasashen waje da manufofin gwamnatin

Mun riga ce cewa Miklos Horthy - mai kama karya a cikin misali na post-yaki Soviet masana tarihi. Gaskiyar cewa tushen da kasashen waje da manufofin da gwamnatin da aka dawo da kabilanci ƙasa. The yiwuwar canje-canje a cikin Versailles tsarin Horthy gani kawai ta rapprochement tare da Jamus a matsayin wanda aka azabtar a karshen yaki jam'iyyar, da kuma sauran wani farkisanci kasar - Italiya. A wannan yanayin, da Hungarian regent ba ya so ya fada karkashin tasirin wata jiha, ya kuma nemi ya haifar da wani daidai jam'iyya.

A 1927, wata kwangila da aka sanya hannu "A madawwami aminci" tare da Italiya. Hakazalika dangantakar da aka kafa tsakanin jihohi. A rapprochement tare da Jamus suka fara bayan 1933. Wannan alliance sha'awar da Adolf Hitler, wanda ya bukaci da matsakaicin adadin masõya a Turai. Tsakanin zama abin ƙyãma shugabannin gudanar da tarurruka a lokacin da shugabannin fahimci juna ta wuri, kuma zo a hada.

A cikin rabi na biyu na 1930s Miklosh Horti (short biography gabatar a sama) da ke sa da dama muhimmanci na kasa da kasa ya kai ziyara. Muna magana ne game Horthy ta zuwa ziyara a Poland, Italiya da kuma Austria. Bugu da kari, akwai aiki tattaunawa game da kawo a cikin kawayenta na {asar Yugoslavia.

Yankin samu marigayi 1930s

1938 da kuma 1939 sun lokacin da pre-yaki yankin redistribution. Acquisitions Hungary aka halatta ake kira Vienna sulhu. A Jihar Horthy koma a Kudancin Slovakia da kuma mafi yammacin ɓangare na ba-rana Ukraine (Transcarpathia daga babban birnin Uzhgorod). A duka jama'ar na sabuwar annexed yankuna amounted zuwa mutane miliyan 1. Kamar yadda a fili daga wadannan hujjoji, da duniya Horthy ya aiki ba a yi a shekara ta 1938, saboda haka, ya ci gaba da hada gwiwa tare da Hitler.