Misalai bylinas. A heroes of Rasha epics

Epics - wani irin almara a song da almara hanya. Su labarin ana gina a kan wani bayanin da wani m events na baya ko wani gagarumin tarihi aukuwa. A heroes na epos ne bambancin a cikin yanayi, amma su ikon da aka yaushe juya don su yi yaƙi mugunta. Maqiyan heroes bayyana ba kasa m, kowane hali - hankula villain. Misalai suna da yawa tãtsũniyõyin, amma wasu bukatar gano musamman, za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Yadda ya yi da wallafe-wallafen Kalmar "almara"

A halin yanzu sunan da aka samarwa a 1839 da philologist Ivanom Saharovym, wanda wallafa muqala a cikin littafin na "Songs na Rasha mutane." Masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da furcin "ga almara", wanda yake nufin "bisa ga facts." "Gaskiya Story", "tsohon", "almara" - rabe-zabi ya ci nasara.

A bisa ga al'ada da almara ya kasu kashi biyu manyan hawan keke: Kiev da Novgorod. Tare da farko manyan adadin hade haruffa, kamar yadda aka mamaye batutuwa, a cikin abin da Figures babban birnin da kuma yadi Kiev Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavovych kuma daga baya Vladimir Monomove.

Almara heroes-heroes ne: Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich, Stavr Godinovich, Churilo Plenkovich, Michael Potyk. Novgorod almara heroes - shi guslar m Sadko da Vasily Buslaev gwarzo. "Babban" Kiev heroes - Mikula Selyaninovich, Svyatogor da Volga.

masana harkokin kimiyya da bincike

Misalan epics ne halin da cewa har sai da 18th karni, dã ba a rubuta. A farko tarin da marubucin Kirsa Danilova da aka kafa a Moscow kawai a 1804. Kuma kawai bayan da suka biyo complemented reissue. A kan kalaman na sha'awa a cikin epos a 1830-1850 shekaru Slavophil Kireevskiy Petr Vasilevich shirya wani tartsatsi tarin almara. A wani gajeren lokaci ya kuma mataimakansa aka rubuta daruruwan almara tãtsũniyõyin a Volga yankin da kuma arewacin larduna, sa'an nan a Siberia da Urals. A sakamakon bincike tawagar fara 80 da labaru.

A general, misalai na epos aka gaba daya systematized a cikin wani gajeren lokaci, da kuma philologists, masana kimiyya sun iya aiki tare da sararin almara abu. Wannan sa a cikin yin amfani da tatsuniya a dissertations da kuma ilimi ayyukansu. A mafi muhimmanci misalai na almara kerawa na Rasha mutane da za a nuna a matakin kasa da kasa.

Mai almara tãtsũniyõyin sun mythological tushe kwatanta bala'o'i da matsananci yanayi na heroes shawo kan su sakamakon. Kuma ya aikata shi ko da yaushe nasara. Domin da dama ƙarni, da almara, ta kowace hanya canza, sake shirya zanen da kuma ji ƙyama. A lokaci daya, Legends gauraye da na baka labarin baki na kasashen yamma, amma ta tsaya a ashar, da kuma irin} o} arin ci gaba da mur. Ƙarshe epos jerin.

halayyar ãyõyi

A hankali almara ya dauki kwari almara da kuma wallafe-wallafen da tsari, da kuma haka akwai wani sosai tabbataccen salon wakoki kunshi mai hade da wani dactyl tare da mawaka, kuma daga baya daga anapests. Daddy aka ba kusan, duk bisa kan euphony na ayar da musicality. Verse epics daban-daban daga "pobyvalschin" m sa fita a litattafan, wanda, kamar yadda art aka ba su yarda da jama'a. Syllable gaske almara ne ko da yaushe arziki da poetic jũya, cike da epithets, allegories da kwatancen. Kamar wancan ne ãyõyinMu bayyanannu ne da kuma ma'ana a cikin sauti.

Yawancin lokaci ayar almara kasu kashi biyu. The riwayan daidai da na farko da ya improvise, su gabatar da texts kamar yadda na kansa, kuma kashi na biyu obliges shi to bi takamaiman juna, da yawanci aika abun ciki a cikin ainihin gabatar, ba tare da canza guda kalma. Kuma haka dai aka samu fi'ili mosaic, wanda ba a ko da yaushe duba halitta. Yawa dogara a kan iyawa na riwayan.

Ilya Muromets, da gwarzo na almara

"... Ya rayu a kusa da garin Moore, a kauyen Karacharovo baƙauye girma jaruntakar, amma ba zai iya tafiya da shi, duk a kan kuka da aka kwance. Gaskiyar cewa kafafu kada ka tafi ba, bakin ciki Ilya. Ya ji da 'yan fashi a kan hanyoyi mutane fashi Dragon a Rasha m, saboda haka duk 'yan matan gaba daya kuka da kansa. Yadda za a taimaka ƙasar haihuwarmu Ilya duk ya yi ta makoki.

Taimaka da mahajjata da suka sha ruwa. Pokoldovali a trimmed kafafu Ile Muromtsu, sai ya tashi, silushku tsiwirwirinsu unprecedented. Na sayi kaina mai kyau doki, emasculate, jiƙa da safe raɓa, kuma ya zama jarumi Ilya wasa na karfi don haka da sauri.

Ilya tara saddled Burushku, amma hau da oda a Rasha don kaitsaye, amma shi, ka gani. "

Sadko

Rasha almara ne bambancin jigogi da ado. Heroes fada a tsibirin, inda Wild Things Shin, a cikin zurfin teku, inda suka jiran Sarkin teku tare da mermaids.

Almara "Sadko" - daya daga cikin mafi kyau almara ayyukansu. A ta bayani halitta Rimsky-Korsakov tare da wannan sunan. Bugu da kari, da almara "Sadko" aiki a matsayin wani mãkirci ga wani fim darektan Alexander Ptushko da Sergei Stolyarov da Alloy Larionovoy starring.

"... A daraja Novograd biyu rayu a kasuwa Sadko, arziki, da kyau. Akwai amfani da su zama kawai ya garaya yarovchaty da takwarorina gayyace yi wasa, don haka ya rayu. Eh, amma da cewa ke ba da ake kira da shi fiye da sau daya, ba sau biyu, ba uku, zaton Sadko tafi Ilmen lake, ya zauna a kan wani dutse fari-flammable, shãfe da kirtani.

Vzneslas ruwa tãguwar ruwa bugi Sarkin teku. "Nice play, Sadko yadda za a gode Al taskar zinariya Tafi-ka ka ka Novograd da kuma buga wani babban jinginar gida don sa golovushku m da wani samfurin na ja m, da rabo daga haddi a ce!? .. Shin, a cikin Ilmen Lake zinariya kifi kamar. jinginar gida duka, ya zo a bakin tare da seine siliki. zan ba ka uku kifi-zinariya gashinsa. "

Novohradské fatake rasa dukan kayansu ja Guslar Sadko, ya zama potorgovyvat samun babban riba. Rich yan kasuwa, amma koma dũkiyõyinsu ja. Kuma ya fara rayuwa wani sabon dũkiyõyinsu. Da kuma yadda Sadko swam Isrã'ila tẽku amma kawo matarsa - shi ne wani labarin ... "

Knights Volga da Mikula Selyaninovich

Daga cikin Rasha almara images samu heroes wanda ba da bayar da labarun nevidanoy karfi, kuma a lokaci guda suna zaune a halinda, daidaita su ba dama iko.

Almara "Volga da Mikula" - wani m misali na jama'a ayyuka, wanda ya nuna yadda Rasha almara heroes gama da in yaqi outrages a Rasha. A lokacin da matsaloli burokrasi a Rasha unbelted, duk da al'amurran da suka shafi An warware kawai a musayar cin hanci. Daga hananne ayyukan "jiha sabis" sha wahala mai sauki plowman Mikula Selyaninovich game da wannan, kuma ya gaya wa almara "Volga da Mikula".

"... Ta girgiza dare taurari a sararin sama, da kuma da safe aka haife shi a Rasha, mahaifiyar wani matashi gwarzo Volga Vseslav'evich. Baby barci sa'a daya miƙa da kuma fashe duk diapers, zinariya bel. Kuma haka ya ce da Volga uwa: "Madam, mahaifiyata, ba don swaddle ni, ya sa a cikin baƙin ƙarfe makamai, da kwalkwali a hannunka don haka ba wani kulob din stopudovo". Uwar ya firgita, kuma Volga ne na girma da leaps da minti, kara rubuce-rubuce da kuma koyon. Shida shekaru juya, suka tafi yawo, ƙasa ta girgiza. Animals kasance kuna ɓõyẽwa, da tsuntsaye ya tashi ya tafi, Volga kuma bari dukan fun ƙirƙirãwa: da shaho zai tashi a sararin sama, da barewa zai yi tsalle, sa'an nan kerkẽci launin toka. Abin da dan wasa ya buga shekaru 15 da haihuwa sa'an nan, kuma ya aikata aiki na ƙwarai. Kuma ba - yana da wani labarin daban-daban ... "

Mikula Selyaninovich

"... Early a rana aka faruwa Volga tare da retinue birni haraji tattara, haƙĩƙa, sun shige, watakila wani mile bãya, suka ji - plows wani kusa, a garma a kan duwatsu dũka gunaguni ƙwarai. Bari mu je plowman, kuma ba za a iya kai, da yamma aka ba kai, kashegari zo, ji kawai kamar wani ploughshare garma yajin sharply a Plowman whistles. Suka isa a rana ta uku, a faɗuwar rana. Sauka Volga, plowman sunkuyar a kugu: "Hello, na da kyau mutum, a rabotnichek!" "Ka kasance m, Volga Vseslavovich! Ina hanya?"

Long ko, ya yi magana a takaicce game da cewa, game da wannan, amma ya tafi tare a kan babbar hanya fashi tsõratarwa. Ɗari Alƙaryu a dubu kauyuka 'yanci, kuma ya kasance da Plowman - Mikula Selyaninovich, Rasha gwarzo. Zama abokai suka Volga, kuma da gaskiya da haka shi ne yini na mugayen ruhohi, ya kawo tsabtace. Kuma wani idi kuwa yana tare da su a kan alluna na itacen oak a cikin gandun daji a - wannan ne wani almara gaya ... "

Ilya Muromets da Nightingale da fashi

Mafi yawa daga cikin ayyukan Rasha almara littafi, yayin da sama da su, wani ƙarfi, kuma da shahararsa da aka girma daga shekara zuwa shekara. Masterpieces hada a makaranta manhajar koyarwa, bincike ne da za'ayi a kan su. Bylina "Nightingale da fashi da kuma Ilya Muromets" ne kawai irin wannan samfurin.

"... Nightingale zaune a kan damp oak fashi Odihmantev ɗa. Wannan fito ne Nightingale da kuka na dabba ne. Ko da shẽwa, ko ruri daga ciyawa tururuwa ne aka kashe, Azure furanni marmashe, duhu itace a ƙasa, kuma bã karkata, da kuma wanda yake daga mutane - duk da matattu ƙarya. Pryamoezzhey hanya ɗari biyar mil duk aka kashe, da kuma wani roundabout ezdom - da dubu.

Wuce nan Cossack Ilya Muromets, daukan wani baka yãgaggun leɓɓa, tetivochku Shelkov ja, da kibiya-zafi simintin. Harbi da wani abu a cikin raw oak Nightingale da fashi. Eh da ido da kuma buga fitar, da kuma ja a kasa, daura da stapes amma ya ɗauki bude filin da gida don haka da Nightingale ... "