Olfactory analyzer: sifa da aiki. Age peculiarities na olfactory analyzer

Tare da taimakon daban-daban na analyzers mutumin masani a duniya. Shi ne ta hanyar gani, ji, wari da kuma sauran gabbanmu mu gane da yanayi, za mu gane da hadari. Kowane mutum ne daban-daban analyzers za a iya ci gaba ne ba iri daya ba. Za mu yi kokarin gano a cikin labarin, cewa shi ne wani olfactory tsarin. Tsari da kuma aiki, da kiwon lafiya darajar daya daga cikin gabobin ji suna dauke a cikin wannan labarin.

Tabbatar da dalilin da olfactory Gabar

Mafi yawa daga cikin bayanai game da duniya mutumin tsinkayen da taimakon da sashen hangen nesa, amma ba tare da ji na wari hoton ba haka ba ne mai haske, bayyananne.

A olfactory tsarin da aka tsara don ganewa na abubuwa da suke narkewa kuma mallaki volatility. Wannan tsarin Halicci kayadadden image a cikin nau'i na wasu kamshi. Ma'ana olfactory analyzer ma ya ta'allaka ne da cewa shi ne iya haƙiƙa kimantawa ingancin iska, da abinci da kuma muhalli a general.

Idan muka kwatanta da sashin jiki na wari a mutane da dabbobi, shi za a iya ce cewa jiki yana da wani musamman ma'anar da dabbobi. Amma ba za a iya ci gaba a duk guda. Alal misali, akwai rai siffofin da suke da su olfactory tsarin da aka ɓullo da kyau isa. Alal misali, wasu jinsunan malam zai iya samun abokin tarayya ta wari a nesa na kilomita 8. Kowane mutum ne saba da kare, wanda zai iya tafiya a kan tafarki irin na mutum, shiryar da sansana kayayyakinsu.

jikin wari

Idan muka yi la'akari da aikin da olfactory analyzer, yana yiwuwa a gano mafi muhimmanci da kuma muhimmanci:

1. Analysis abinci a kan edible da kuma m. Tare da wannan tsarin shi ne zai yiwu domin sanin mataki na suitability daga cikin samfurin.
2. Formation cin abinci.
3. Olfactory tsarin da aka kai tsaye da hannu a cikin saitin up na narkewa kamar tsarin a cikin abincin da aiki.
4. Definition da abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin jikin mutum.
5. Samuwar jima'i hali da za a iya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar pheromones.
6. Tare da sa hannu na analyzer faruwa adam fuskantarwa a cikin yanayi.
7. Ilimi na waje duniya ba zai iya yi ba tare da olfactory sashin jiki.

Yana iya lura da cewa mutanen da suka suna hana gani, kamshin iya dada tabarbare, kuma su ne mafi alhẽri ji na wari ya taimake su kewaya a duniya.

A tsarin da olfactory analyzer

Idan muka yi la'akari da tsarin da wannan azanci shine gaba, za mu iya lura da wadannan sassan:

1. Gefe. Yana dauke da tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin a cikin hanci mucosa. Suka kawo karshen cilia kewaye da gamsai. Yana dissolves da odorous abubuwa. Chemical hulda auku, wanda aka tuba zuwa jijiyar.
2. Shugaba sashen kunshi da olfactory jijiya. A cikinsa akwai sakonni daga rabe a forebrain, inda olfactory kwan fitila. A can ne na farko bincike na bayanai, sa'an nan da hatsaisai zai je gaba sashen na analyzer.
3. Jamhuriyar Division aka located a cikin boko, kuma frontal lobes na cerebral bawo. A nan ne ya yi karshe isssledovanie bayanai kwashe wari ya san kuma generated a karshe martani na jiki zuwa ta effects.

Get saba da tsarin da kuma aiki na wadannan sassan a more daki-daki.

A gefe ɓangare na analyzer

Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da olfactory analyzer, shi wajibi ne don fara daga farko katin. An located in hanci kogo. A wadannan wurare, da mucous membrane ne thickened dan kadan, saman da aka rufe da mucous secretions, wanda taka m rawa, kare daga bushewa fita, kuma ma da hannu a cikin kau da sauran kasashe bayan da daukan hotuna.

An nan sanya lamba tsakanin odorants da tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin. A epithelium iri biyu Kwayoyin:

• Reference. Suna da hannu a tafiyar matakai na rayuwa.
• Olfactory. Wannan shi ne rabe kansu, wanda da yawa daga cilia ƙara da lamba yankin.

Olfactory Kwayoyin suna da biyu tsari, daya daga wanda kara da olfactory kwan fitila, da kuma na biyu sanda yana mai siffar da kuma ƙare vesicle cilia.

shugaba na sashen

Wannan rabo ne aka yi nufi ga dauke bayanai wakilci duk da haka jijiya tafarkin da cewa, samar da olfactory jijiya. Ya kunshi mutum daure faruwa a cikin thalamus.

Gani dangane da cikin limbic tsarin, wanda ya bayyana gaban motsin zuciyarmu a kan aiwatar da ji na kamshi. Alal misali, wasu kamshi zai iya sa yarda, da sauran - gudu da sauransu.

A tsakiyar sashen na analyzer

Wannan rabo ya hada da olfactory kwan fitila. Wannan ne ma sashen a cikin boko lobes na kwakwalwa.

All located in gaban da pear-dimbin yawa lobes na bawo a yankin na hippocampus.

inji wari

Don yadda ya kamata ji irritants su kwayoyin dole ne na farko na dukkan narke a cikin gamsai cewa kewaye da tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin. To, akwai wani hulda da takamaiman sunadaran saka a cikin jikin tantanin.

Irin wannan lamba ne zai yiwu, idan siffar na kara kuzari yayi dace da siffar da sunadari. Slimy abu iko da samuwan surface rabe for kwayoyin na odorous abubuwa.

Bayan kara kuzari kwayoyin zo a cikin lamba tare da tsoka mai amsa sigina gina jiki, a canji a karshen tsarin, inda da sodium ion tashoshi bude a cikin membrane. Sodium ions shiga da kuma haifar da m zargin cewa kai ga matattarar depolarization.

Daga cikin saki neurotransmitter tsoka mai amsa sigina cell, abu don bayyanar da jijiya turu zuwa sassa na juyayi zaruruwa. Saboda haka, a matsayin olfactory jijiya turu zumudi ya fara yaduwa zuwa wasu sassa na analyzer.

Aiki da olfactory tsarin

Idan ka tunanin yadda ɗan adam olfactory analyzer, duk aikin za a iya raba da dama, saukarwa:

1. Promotion odorous kara kuzari ga tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin, wanda ƙare fili tare da tsoka mai amsa sigina sunadaran.
2. Chanza sinadaran daukan hotuna odorant cikin jijiyar. Ya fara wannan mataki da Accession da tsoka mai amsa sigina mai kara kuzari da kuma ƙare da wani samfurin na jijiyar.
3. Motsi a jijiya turu zuwa ƙananan jijiya cibiyoyin. Yana za a iya deciphered matsayin motsi a cikin shugabanci na olfactory kwan fitila.
4. bugun jini canji a cikin olfactory kwan fitila.
5. Promotion na jijiyar cikin mafi girma olfactory cibiyoyin.
6. Gina hangula a cikin wani nau'i na musamman wari.

Duk wadannan matakai sequentially bi juna. Idan kana fuskantar matsaloli ko kuma cuta a kan daya daga cikinsu, za mu iya cewa da ji na smells ne karye.

Jaraba olfactory analyzer

Musamman mutum olfactory analyzer mu tattauna, amma shi ne kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa haska tsarin ne iya daidaita. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da shafe tsawon daukan hotuna da kara kuzari.

analyzer Karbuwa iya faruwa a cikin 'yan seconds, da kuma wani lokacin yana daukan up to minti biyar. A duk ya dogara a kan wani adadin dalilai:

• A tsawon lokaci da lamba tare da odorous abubuwa.
• A taro na kara kuzari.
• airflow.

Akwai isasshen babban rukuni na odorant ga olfactory tsarin da adapts da sauri. Yana daukan sosai kadan lokaci, kuma wari yanzu ba a ji. A karin misalin mai cikakken karbuwa ga wari da jikinsa, da dakin abubuwa.

Wasu irritants jaraba kafa sannu a hankali ko kawai partially. Lokacin da fallasa su da wani rauni olfactory kara kuzari ga wani gajeren lokaci buri na iya faruwa a cikin nau'i na kara ji na ƙwarai daga analyzer.

Riga shi tabbatar da cewa karbuwa daga cikin ci gaban ba ya dauki wuri a cikin ta farko sashe na analyzer, kuma a karshen, wato, da bawo. Sau da yawa, a lokacin da tsawo daukan hotuna zuwa wannan odorant, a cikin cerebral bawo kafa m cike da ya haifar da tashin hankali. A cikin wadannan yanayi, ji na wari iya faruwa da kuma lokacin da fallasa zuwa wasu samuwar kasashe. Wani lokacin da na jin zai iya zama m da kuma bayyana ko in babu samuwar kasashe. A wannan yanayin da muke iya magana da hallucinations ko rũɗi.

Muna iya kaɗai ce yaƙĩni da cewa idan akwai karbuwa ga daya musamman wari, shi ba zai tasiri a ji na sauran kasashe, tun da dukan samuwar kasashe aiki a kan daban-daban rabe.

A ka'idar wari ji

A halin yanzu akwai fiye da dubu 10 odorants. Dukan su za a iya harhada cikin bakwai azuzuwan na farko kamshi:

• Flower.
• Mint.
• Musky.
• Ethereal.
• Surkin jini.
• Kafur.
• Lalatattu.

Idan akwai wata cakuda da dama fragrances, ta olfactory analyzer za a iya gani a matsayin wani sabon gaba daya dandano. Kwayoyin na daban-daban abubuwa suna bambanta da daban-daban siffar, msl, yã kãsance kãfur wari yana madauwari DNA, da kuma Musk - Disc. Bugu da kari, su ne ko kuma wutar lantarki: wanda zai iya da kyau, da kuma sauran - korau.

Akwai da yawa theories cewa kokarin bayyana ginshikai na ji na kamshi. A halin yanzu, ya fi na kowa ne stereochemical, wanda ya furta cewa membrane tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin suna shafukan da dama iri. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin sifa da electrophilicity. Wannan su ne iya gane odorous kwayoyin na wani siffar da size.

Iri olfactory cuta

Bugu da kari, da olfactory analyzer ɓullo da a duk ba daya, haka ma, za a iya lura da wasu kurakurai da kuma sabawa a cikin aikinsa:

• Anosmia ne cikakken rashin ikon gane kamshi.
• Hyposphresia - a rage wari.
• Hyperospheresia, a akasin haka, akwai a dagagge olfactory ji na ƙwarai.
• Parosmiya characterizes rashin fahimta na kamshi.
• Take hakkin bambantawa.
• A bayyanar olfactory hallucinations.
• Olfactory agnosia aka sanya a cikin al'amarin, idan wani mutum zai iya sansana, amma ba zai iya gane shi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa da shekaru akwai wani sauka a hankali karu a olfactory ji na ƙwarai. Olfactory analyzer ba zai iya gane smells haka a fili da kuma sauri. Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa ta shekaru 50 a ji na wari srednestaticheskogo mutum ne rage by rabin idan aka kwatanta da matasa.

Olfactory analyzer da shekaru siffofin

The sosai farko a lokacin fetal ci gaban da olfactory analyzer fara da nunawa a gefe sashe. Wannan an faruwa 8 mako na gaba. By karshen ciki, ya zama daidai, nan da karshen watanni 8, wannan analyzer an riga an kafa cikakken.

Riga nan da nan bayan haihuwa iya tsayar da jariri mayar da martani ga kamshi. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin nau'i na gyara man fuska ƙungiyoyi, canje-canje a cikin zuciya tsoka, na numfashi kudi, jiki matsayi.

Shi ne ta hanyar gabar wari Toddler san wari mahaifiyarsa. Wannan azanci shine sashin jiki ne wani muhimmin bangaren da samuwar abinci reflexes. A hankali, a matsayin yaro tsiro, akwai wata karuwa daga cikin analyzer ta ikon bambance da kamshi. A fineness da kuma karfin da wannan tsari qara for 4 watan jiya.

Idan ka kwatanta ikon gane da kuma bambance kamshi a yara 5-6 shekaru da haihuwa da kuma a cikin manya, shi za a iya ce cewa karshen ne yafi hakan.

Waɗannan su ne shekarun halaye na olfactory analyzer. Mun kuma iya ce cewa a sakamakon din horo iya muhimmanci inganta su ji daga wari, amma smokers a hadarin rasa da sharpness na ji, kamar yadda bijiro da batun kafa da aka gyara na taba hayaki da mummunan tasiri a kan rabe. Har ila yau, m kumburi cututtuka na hanci kogo taimako don rage wari.

Ga muka duba olfactory tsarin. Tsarin da kuma aiki da aka bayyana tare da matuqar amfani. Za mu iya cewa da tabbaci cewa duk da hankula suna da muhimmanci ga mutum. Idan akwai matsaloli a akalla daya analyzer, sa'an nan ba za mu iya ce cewa adequacy na ji na duniya an rage, rasa cikar majiyai na rayuwa. Ki kula da kanki da hankula.