Tsarin sphagnum. Moss sphagnum (photo)

Bryophytes - wannan yana daya daga cikin ɓangaren tsire-tsire, wanda ke da matsayi na musamman a cikin tsarin wannan mulkin. Ma'aikata suna da tattalin arziki, magungunan magani, ana amfani da su sosai kuma suna da muhimmiyar mahalarta a cikin sassan abinci. Bugu da ƙari, suna shiga cikin rawar daji na halittu.

Sphagnum: matsayi na ainihi

A matsayinsu a cikin tsarin duniya, sphagnum ya zama matsayi na takaddama na gaba:

• Mulkin: Tsire-tsire.
• Sashen: Bryophytes .
• Class, tsari da iyali - Sphagnum.
• Genus: Sphagnum.

Yawan jinsuna sun kai 120, wanda mafi yawan su ne:

• Sphagnum marsh;
• Protruding;
• Brown;
• Magellanic;
• Ba da kyau;
• Girgenson.

Tsarin sphagnum yana da wasu peculiarities, wanda ya bar wata alama akan amfani da shi. Bari muyi la'akari da wannan batu a cikin dalla-dalla.

Tsarin waje na shuka

Matsa mai laushi mai laushi daga mai tushe, wanda aka taso a saman, wanda ke nuna nau'ukan swamps da masarufi da ruwa a kan tekun kogin, wanda kowa ya gani. Saboda haka wannan sphagnum ne. Ana iya ganin hotuna na wannan shuka a ƙasa.

Very cute m mai tushe, sau da yawa yanke da kuma rawar jiki sama. A waje, an rufe shi da ɓawon burodi, wanda shine ƙananan yadudduka na sel. Bar sphagnum sedentary, reed iri. Wadanda suke a tsaye a kan tushe, ƙwallon ƙafa kuma yawancin lokaci. Kuma ganyayyaki na rassan, a akasin wannan, sun fi yawa, a birane suna karuwa. A gaskiya ma, sun kasance marasa galihu kuma suna gani ba tare da kayan aiki na musamman ba. Abin da ake amfani da su don ganye, wadannan su ne manyan rassan daga babban tushe.

Kamar sauran mosses, sphagnum ba shi da asali. Duk da haka, ba kamar dangi ba, ba su da rhizoids don haɗawa da matashi. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ƙananan tushe, ƙarin haske ya bayyana. A ƙarshe, a tushe shi gaba ɗaya ya rasa launin kore. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin alamar chlorophyll a cikin sel, tun da wadannan halittu ba su da rai, amma sun mutu.

Daga cikin wadannan sassa, an ajiye su a ƙasa na marsh, daga bisani ya kafa peat. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake kira sphagnum peos. Gaba ɗaya, launi na shuka shi ne mai kore kore, ba mai haske ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da cikakken cikakken tare da ruwa mai yawa. Tambayar ta haifar da: "Ta yaya masiyoyin zasu iya adana yawan ruwa a kanta?" Wannan shi ne saboda yanayin da ke ciki. Yi la'akari da su.

Tsarin ciki na sphagnum

Tu gansakuka da aka kafa ta al'ada shuka nama, ya kunshi Kwayoyin. Ganye na sphagnum sun ƙunshi chlorophyll, kamar yadda, hakika, tsarin tsarin. Saboda haka, photosynthesis an yi kusan kusan dukkanin jiki. Haka kuma ya faru da abinci, wato, sha ruwan.

Kwayoyin ganyen ganyayyaki suna haɗuwa tare da juna kuma suna samar da tsarin kama da cibiyar sadarwa - wannan tsarin tsarin shuka ne. Hanyoyin da aka haifa su ne fatalwa, inda spores ke girma.

Conductive tsarin kama da hakan shuke-shuke, ne mãsu fakowa ba. A maimakon haka, akwai ƙwayoyin sel. Ayyuka na ajiya ruwa da kuma shayarwa suna aiwatar da su.

Kwayoyin Musamman a tsarin

Kwayoyin Sphagnum ba duka ba ne. Gaskiyar ita ce, wasu daga cikinsu suna da bawo tare da rami da kuma ruguwa mai mutuwa, wato, kullun ɓoye. Wannan wajibi ne don injin shuka ɗumbin ruwan sha da kuma ajiye shi cikin ciki a cikin wadannan sassa marasa kyau.

Tsarin sphagnum ya ba shi damar cika da ruwa a cikin adadi 20-30 sau fi nauyin kansa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin wuraren da wadannan masallatai suke da ita a kullum suna da zafi sosai, suna ta iyo a kan ruwa.

Lokacin da shuka ya cika da danshi, launin launi ne a hankali. A lokacin fari, sai ya zama fari, ya zama fari.

Sake haifar da ganyen

Tsarin sphagnum ya hada da ƙwarewa, wajibi ne don tsarin haifuwa - gaji. Suna, kamar sauran sauran masallatai, ana samuwa ne a kan wani abu na musamman a cikin ɓangaren tsire-tsire. Nuna akwatin da murfi, wanda aka samu da kuma maturation na spores.

Lokacin da lokacin haifuwa ya shiga, ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna zubar da iska. Samun cikin ruwa, fara farawa cikin sabon shuka. Sautin murfi yana buɗewa spontaneously.

Akwai wata hanya ta haifuwa, wanda wannan shuka yake gudanar. Sphagnum na iya ba da ganyayyaki don ci gaba da zaman kanta. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan yana faruwa bayan babban tushe ya bunƙasa karfi, tsawonsa, a kan sauran sassa. A wannan lokacin, an rabu da 'yar shuka.

Musamman abubuwa masu yawa na sphagnum mosses

Sphagnum gansakuka, wani photo da za ka iya gani a cikin wannan labarin, yana da yawan musamman Properties saboda gaban na musamman Kwayoyin. Waɗannan su ne:

1. Hygroscopicity wucewa dukkan iyakokin da aka sani a tsire-tsire. Idan ka kwatanta ikon da za ku sha ruwan ulu da sphagnum, to, jakar zai zama fiye da sau 6! Bugu da ƙari, yana lura cewa rarraba ruwa a cikin jiki na shuka shi ne cikakken ɗayan. Sabili da haka, har sai dukkanin kwayoyin da suka kasance sun kasance sun cika, asalin bazai daina yin lalata. Wannan yana ba ka damar amfani dashi azaman ƙarin ƙasa.
2. Hannun iska, wanda zai ba da ƙasa tare da gansakuka don zama haske, sako-sako da iska. Irin wannan cigaba mai girma yana da sakamako mai kyau a kan ci gaba da bunƙasa sauran halittu masu tsire-tsire.
3. Sphagnum acid, wanda shine ɓangare na tsire-tsire, ya ba da izinin yin tsaka-tsakin acidify kasar gona tare da cations.
4. A arziki Organic abun da ke ciki sa wannan shuka musamman. Sphagnum yana da antibacterial da anti-inflammatory Properties, da disinfectants.

Mene ne abun da ke cikin wadannan masallatai masu ban mamaki? Za ka iya suna mahadi mafi mahimmanci:

• Sphagnum acid;
• Coumarins;
• Sphagnol;
• Ƙarfafa;
• Carbolic acid.

Saboda wannan abun da aka ƙunshi, inji kanta kanta ba a nuna shi ba ne a kowace cututtuka ko kwari.

Places na girma

Babban yanayin ci gaba da wannan shuka ita ce kasancewar adadi mai yawa. Bayan haka, burbushin sphagnum, hoto wanda yake a cikin bita, yana dogara sosai akan ruwa a lokacin kiwo, kamar dukkanin spore. Abin da ya sa za a iya danganta shi ga manyan wuraren girma:

• Yankin damuwa na Arewacin Yamma;
• Turai na Rasha .
• Siberia;
• Amurka ta Kudu.

Babban mahalli, wanda ya kasance wannan jaka, shi ne fadin sama. Duk inda irin wannan shuka ya sauka, akwai filin jirgin sama mai zurfi da bazara.

Matsayi a yanayi

An gina dukkanin sphagnum a kan ikonsa na sha ruwan. Tsarin al'amuran ciki da na waje, muhimmancin tattalin arziki da yankunan aikace-aikacen, amfani da manufofin kiwon lafiya - kusan dukkanin abin da ya dace da tsari da tsari. Haka ma saboda wannan rawar da ake takawa a yanayi.

Babban abu shi ne cewa sphagnum, hoto wanda muka sanya a cikin labarin, siffofin peat ajiya. Godiya ga sphagnum acid da sphagnum suna shiga cikin shuka, matakan lalata da kuma lalacewa daga cikin ƙananan sassa na shuka suna da jinkirin. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar peat layers. Ayyukan na faruwa a hankali, kimanin mita ɗaya a kowace shekara.

Yana da mahimmanci don haifar da ruwa na filin. A sakamakon haka, ba kawai ciyayi ke rufe canje-canje ba, har ma dukan biogeocoenosis, duniya dabba, kwari da sauran halittu.

Darajar tattalin arziki ga mutane

Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na aikace-aikacen wannan gashin ga mutane.

1. Don gidajen da ba su da kyau.
2. A matsayin abu mai zafi-insulating a cikin gina.
3. Don dalilai na likita a matsayin antiseptic da disinfector.
4. A cikin floristry.
5. A cikin floriculture don inganta yanayin girma na cikin gida da greenhouse shuke-shuke.
6. Don yin jigilar kayan gida (tsabtace, tsaftacewa da disinfecting).
7. Peat wani mai amfani ne mai muhimmanci.
8. Sau da yawa an yi amfani da shi azaman kayan ado.
9. A Rasha, ana amfani da wannan sutsi na sutura da masu tsawa.
10. Yadda dressings sphagnum (hoto da aka nuna a kasa, na taimaka wa mafi ganin tsarin da shuke-shuke) yi amfani da XI karni. Har yanzu, wannan ganga bai yi hasara ba.

Saboda haka, shi dai itace cewa peat sphagnum gansakuka - ba kawai ban sha'awa da kuma muhimmanci shuka a matsayin tushen da ma'adanai, amma kuma invaluable tsaron ɗakunan ajiya na magunguna, tushen danshi da kuma aeration ga sauran jinsunan Flora. Kyakkyawan kamanninsa sun haɗu tare da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na tsarin gida da muhimmancin yanayi da rayuwar mutane.