Yadda za a koyi yau da m tsarin da mutum?

By karatu fiye da daya karni hali a matsayin m sabon abu, masu bincike sun zo daban-daban karshe game da aka gyara.

The fi na kowa a yau ne m tsarin hali, kunsha na hudu aka gyara:

• fuskantarwa ko tsammãni (kazalika da kafuwa, ganewarsu, dabi'u, zũciyõyinsu, bukatu da akida).
• damar iya yin komai ko capabilities (damar iya yin komai, basira, da halaye).
• hali, da aka bayyana a wani sa na halayen da uniquely a hade tare da juna;
• dalilai - m mataki a cimma dacewa da manufofin.

All aka gyara suna da alaka da juna, da kuma ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin cewa wani daga gare su wanzu a cikin kadaici, domin muna da yaushe magana game da wani mutum, wanda ainihi shi ne multifaceted, musamman da kuma ban sha'awa. Ya ba zai iya zama fitar a cikin yanayi, ba zai iya zama ba ikon, ko kuma wani dalili da kuma sadaukar da wani abu ne ko da yaushe akwai.

M tsarin hali - wani sa na m aka gyara da sanin da bambancinsa kowane mutum.

Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, da yadda za a zo a yarjejeniya, masu bincike jagoranci da kuma tabbatar da theories, wani lokacin sabanin. Dabam tabbatarwa aka gyara irin shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai, kwarewa hali, volitional halaye, halin.

Yau dauke su da cewa akwai wani abu na zamantakewa, da kuma a can ne zalla sirri ga mutum. Wannan tsarin kula da kadaici na gyara iske kira "zamantakewa da kuma m hali tsarin." Shi ne mafi complete, m, tun da tsarin da aka gyara, sun ha] a baya an yi sakaci: saboda ilimin ãyõyi mutum (halin, musamman cikin juyayi tsarin, jima'i, shekaru). Dabam kasaftawa a zaman bangaren (nufin, shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai, da mayar da hankali da kuma kwarewa). Bayan wannan rabuwa, kimiyya sauti, shi ya bayyana abin da irin halaye a kansu, za mu iya canja ko daidaita saboda motsa jiki, da horo, ilimi, da kuma wanda ba (social yiwu nazarin halittu - ba). Kuma wadannan bayanai "ne tsada."

Original ka'idar samarwa a cikin lokaci Freud. tsarin hali a fahimtarsa da a wakilci na mabiyansa kunshi uku aka gyara: I, sama, da Ono. A karkashin "I", ya fahimci bangaren da samar da waje iko a kan hali na mutum (hankali, sani, tunani). A karkashin "top" - da wani ɓangare na mutum wanda yake da alhakin yarda da halin kirki Concepts, dabi'u. "Yana" - sume a mutumin, wato, ya gabbai, da so don jin daɗin ba tare da wani haramci da kuma hane-hane. Na top ne a akai rikici da Shi, suppressing ta manifestations.

Wannan asali view bayanin irin lokacin, wanda gane daidai m hali tsarin ba za a iya fassara, wato kasancewar a cikin tsarin da psyche sõmamme. Delving cikin nazarin tsarin da karshe bangaren, Freud, kuma daga baya mabiyansa gano da yawa mamaki da suke faruwa, amma su zama ba "shige" a "gargajiya" ka'idar. Wannan ake kira tsaro sunadaran da kuma tsarin da suke bayyanãwa a cikin hali, zama sume. Irin wannan halin da ake ciki kamata a canja, tun lokacin da koyo na tsaro inji (misali, da aka canza wasu mummunan tunanin, mara kyau ne), mun rabu da kanmu daga gare ta, sabili da haka ba za a kare your psyche. Idan wannan hanya ya zama dole, saboda haka, akwai wani dalili mai kyau. Abinda duk Psychologists yarda (theoreticians, likitoci, masu bincike) - da hankali ne a kai-gudãnar tsarin, ba karatu har zuwa karshen.

Saboda haka, a sakamakon binciken kimiyya m hali tsari ya samu fiye ko žasa bayyana shaci. Kowace daga cikin uku theories gabatar a nan yana da hakkin ya wanzu, saboda ba su yi yardatayya m, amma karin, kunna mana samar da wani tunani na kansu a matsayin mambobin halittar, tare da bambancinsa da kuma asali, tare da kansa halaye, amfani ko rashin amfani.