Amurka ilimi a matsayin jiha: bawa-masu fada domin su 'yancin

Amurka ilimi a matsayin jihar shi ne kawai a cikin XVIII karni. A jawabi na Independence - babban daftarin aiki, wanda aka kirgawa. Yana da aka sanya hannu Yuli 4, 1776. A Rasha, har yanzu akwai wani labari cewa Catherine II sayar Alaska a kasar Amurka. Duk da haka, yayin da Amurka ta kawai kawai aka kafa a cikin wani guda jihar. Babu abin da kari a lokacin ba wanda ya tuna. Yuli 4 ya da Independence Day a Amurka. Ga bayani a kan yadda Amurka nemi shi da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

American Sphere da tasiri

Amurka ilimi a matsayin jihar tafi ga wani dogon lokaci. A XVI karni, a nan gaba yankin da aka sanaki gida Indiyawan. Daga baya ya fara matsawa a nan Turawa, da yawa daga abin da suke yan fashi gudu zalunci a nasu kasashen. Har ila yau daga cikin na farko natsuwa da yawa matsananciyar mutane na Old Turai. A sabuwar nahiyar, sun kasance a search na farin ciki da dũkiya. By farkon na XVIII karni, Turawa sun ƙware kusan dukan nahiyar. A kasarta nan gaba United States, fãce Alaska, an raba ta zuwa duniyoyin na da tasiri na kasashen uku domin ya hana soja rikicin. Birtaniya tafi zuwa ga Atlantic Coast na France - yankin da yankin Great Lakes, Spain - Pacific Coast, Florida, Texas.

Duk da haka, ba duk da mazauna zai zama dogara a kan mulkin mallaka iko. UK States tsayayya London. Amma haka sauki bari su ba wanda aka faruwa. The yaki ya fara.

War of Independence (1775-1783): haddasawa

Daya daga cikin mummunan wars a cikin ƙasa na North America ne a yaki don samun 'yancin kai. Akwai dalilai da yawa domin shi:

• Metropolis mallakar States kawai kamar yadda a cikin yankuna cire dũkiya.
• A Ingila fitar dashi raw kayan: Jawo, auduga da kuma shigo da ƙãre kaya. Mazauna aka haramta don ƙirƙirar wani manufactory don samar da yadudduka, articles na baƙin ƙarfe, da cinikayya da sauran kasashe.
• A mulkin mallaka da aka hane su matsa zuwa yamma da Allegheny duwãtsu, a matsayin gwamnati ba ta iya mika ta tasiri.
• Kullum kara daban-daban haraji, kudade. Saboda haka, a cikin 1765 akwai wani hatimi wajibi. A cewar shi ga dukan takardun da kan sarki ya kamata su biya.

A karshe batu ne musamman sa samun abinci gane ta Amirkawa. Idan sun fahimci cewa haraji zama dole domin ci gaba, da hatimi wajibi ya buɗe idanunsu. Yana yi wani aiki na outright fashi na mulkin mallaka. Saboda wannan, birnin da aka je kula da wani sojojin dubu 10. Man a Amurka.

A farkon taron na " 'Ya'yan Freedom"

Wannan " 'yancin" yana da babban Credo na mulkin mallaka. Amurka ilimi a matsayin jihar shi a karkashin wadannan taken. A 1765, za a "Congress da hatimi tattara" a New York. Yana ɓullo da wani daftarin aiki - da jawabi na hakkokin da mazauna. Wannan samfur na gaba kayan aiki na 'yancin kai. Ba tare da na ibada. " 'Ya'yan Liberty" ƙone effigies NUNA Birtaniya jami'ai. Daya daga cikin shugabannin da aka Dzhon Adams - nan gaba na biyu shugaban na Amurka, daya daga cikin jin dadi na jihar.

" 'Ya'yan" nasara. Ingila ya tsorata da kuma soke a 1766 da hatimi wajibi.

"Boston Tea Party", farkon adawa

Duk da haka, tattalin arziki da matsin lamba Ingila mazauna aka girma duk lokaci. A 1770 ya zo na farko karo a Boston tsakanin sojoji da farar hula. 5, an kashe mutane.

A nan, a 1773, da wani taron cewa a cikin tarihi da aka kira "Boston Tea Party". Mazauna wurin, a karkashin sunan Indians, shiga Burtaniya jirãge cewa ya cece wani babban tsari na shayi zuwa da mazauna, da kuma samu kawar da dukan kaya a cikin teku. Dukan bakin tekun da aka fentin a baki launi na sha.

A mayar da martani, Birtaniya ya dauka a yawan matsananci matakan, wanda ya haifar da yakin:

• Boston tashar jiragen ruwa da aka ayyana rufaffiyar.
• Massachusetts hana da Yarjejeniya, kuma duk 'yan ƙasa a cikin shi - da dama na taro, rallies.
• Gwamnan samu matsayi na Gwamna-Janar tare da cikakken Hakkokin mai amfani da.
• gidajen jama'a ayyana free ga billeting sojoji, duk fitina fassara a matsayin cin amana kuma mai tsanani azaba ba.

Halittar Congress kamar yadda Birtaniya gwamnati zabi

Domin Massachusetts sun dukkan Birtaniya mazauna. A watan Satumba da Oktoba 1774, a Birnin Philadelphia, 56 wakilan jihohi 12 (kõme ba fãce Jojiya), Mun halitta na farko Continental Congress. Yana da aka halarta da kafa Fathers: George Washington, Sama'ila kuma Dzhon Adamsy da sauransu, Congress zabe a kan ka'ida da "daya jihar - daya kuri'a.". Yana soma da "jawabi na hakkoki da abubuwan da bukatun na mallaka." Yana nuna ka'idojin kamar da hakkin rayuwa, da 'yanci, da kuma dukiya, na da hakkin ya adalci da adalci, zaman lafiya rallies, tarurruka, da sauransu. D. The hukuma kwanan wata na Amurka da ilimi wajibi ne a baya lokacin, duk da haka, wannan taron alama farkon samun' yancin kai.

Mazauna an shirya domin yaki

Congress zuga jama'a. Mutane da yawa sun fara shirya domin yaki. Saboda haka, Virginia da kuma duk ayyana yaki kan England. A ma'aikatan fara samar da mayakan sa kai - Minutemen. A lokaci guda, da kwamitin da aka kafa - da cibiyar domin daidaituwa na dukkan jihohin a cikin yaƙi da archdiocese. Amurka ilimi a matsayin jihar hade da gaba jini yaki.

da rabo daga jama'a

A jama'a da aka ba sõyayya a kara zuwa tafi su yi yaƙi Ingila. Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suka rayayye yi tsayayya da shi. Dukan ƙasar da aka raba magoya bayan 'yancin kai ( "Whigs") da kuma abokan adawar ( "Tory," "magoya bayan"). Local India kabilu sun yanke shawarar zama tsaka tsaki a cikin wannan al'amari. Domin su, shi ne kawai daya rikici tare da wasu Turawa. Duk da haka, kiyaye shaida daga cikin hannu na wasu kabilu a garesu.

Mun dauki amfani da halin da ake ciki bayi. Su massively fara gudu daga plantations, ta amfani da hargitsi da rudani. Bayi zai goyi bayan Ingila, a musayar 'yanci. Duk da haka, tana jin tsoro magabãta da zai iya tsokana a tawaye a wasu mazauna.

An ban sha'awa gaskiya, amma da yawa daga cikin mayakan ga 'yancin kai shelar gaskiya aikin,' yanci, daidaito, kuma a gaskiya sun kasance manyan slaveholders.

US Department of Education Kwanan wata

The yaki don samun 'yancin kai tsawon kusan shekaru goma, daga 1775 zuwa 1783. Mutane da yawa fadace-fadace sun kasance a lokacin wannan lokaci. Bugu da kari ga Amirkawa da kuma Birtaniya, shi ya ɗauki Faransa part, Rasha, Spanish. Su duk goyan bayan da 'yan tawayen. A wannan yaki mun ɓullo da wani sabon dabara - m farko na dashes, aro daga 'yan India. Yana da aka tasiri a kan mikakke domin na Birtaniya. Mulkin mallaka ma amfani da bauna, mai karko da ƙasa, farmaki da dare, sanya m amfani da disguises. Don wannan sun ba a shirye su Burtaniya sojoji a ja tufafinsu, ta saba da yãƙi a cikin bude, a karkashin ganguna, mikakke Maris.

1776 - ranar da Amurka da ilimi kamar yadda wani zaman kanta a jihar, da kuma wannan Yuli rana gane da Independence Day. A mulkin mallaka lashe yaki, kuma a karshe soma ta Declaration, dangane yau asali mulkin demokra ka'idojin.