Antinormanskaya ka'idar

Idan ya zo ga antinormanskoy ka'idar, sa'an nan, ba shakka, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ma maganar da Norman, daga abin da, a gaskiya, Firaministan na farko. Dukansu biyu suna da la'akari da tarihi na Rasha jihar. A kan tushen da ta kullum gudanar da dukan siyasa baki. Duk da haka dai, tare da wannan batu kullum fuskanci da yawa wakilan daban-daban sciences, kamar tarihi, harsuna, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, labarin kasa da sauransu.

A farkon da Norman ka'idar da aka sa a 30-60 shekaru na XVIII karni, masana kimiyya daga Jamus GF Miller da IG Bayer, wanda a wancan lokaci ya yi aiki a cikin Academy of Sciences a St. Petersburg. Sun wallafa wani yawa na kimiyya da ayyuka, wasu daga wanda aka sadaukar da Norman ka'idar, kuma sun tabbatar da karo na farko jãyayya da cewa Old Rasha jihar halitta Vikings. A lokaci guda ya yi aiki a cikin Rasha AL Schlötzer, Jamus tarihi wanda ya yi karatu da tsoho Rasha kafofin da kuma, musamman, Nestor da tarihin. Zai yiwu Schlötzer zama mafi mabiyin fan of Norman ka'idar.

Amma cikin sanannun masanin kimiyya MV Lomonosov, wanda ya rubuta tarihin Rasha a madadin na Empress Elizabeth na, tare da wani shahararren tarihi VT atischevym karfi da ya tsaya takara da wannan ra'ayi. Antinormanskaya ka'idar dogara ne a kan bincike na wadannan masana kimiyya. Sun ciyar da yawa bincike a cikin daban-daban kafofin kuma da archaeological site, domin samun zuwa ga gaskiya. Antinormanskaya ka'idar da aka ma taken ayyukan S. Gedeonov wanda ya rubuta "Vikings da Rus '. Conservative masana tarihi Ilovajskij D. kuma M. Moroshkin ma diddigin wannan topic da kuma sanya shi da rabo daga undeniable facts. Kamar haka, akwai biyu kwatance: Norman da antinormanskoe (Slavic) cewa ya dogara biyu rikodin, bi da bi, da kuma Lavrentian Hypation.

Normanists yi imani da cewa a wani lokaci da Norman kabilan fara mamaye gabashin Slavs, kamawa su a sakamakon hare-hare da wani m hanya, da kuma ke da yaƙĩni da cewa kalmar "Rasha" yana da Norman asalin. A nuna antinormanskaya ka'idar shawara ne a cikin ni'imar da cewa ajalin da aka farko buga a cikinsa tun kafin cewa, a wani sosai tsawon lokaci da suka wuce. Da suka gaskata da su ne bisa "Tale of bygone Years", wanda ya nuna da saba wa facts na Norman ka'idar. Akwai rikodi sanya a 1852, wanda ya gaya mana cewa a lokacin da a Rum mulki Mikhail, da Rasha ƙasar ya riga ya ta da sunan. Hypation da Laurentian tarihin ce cewa duk na arewacin Slavic kabilan gayyaci Normans sarauta, da kuma Rasha da aka ba togiya. Amma masu bincike DS Likhachev da Tikhomirov kãfirta wannan shigarwa a matsayin asali da kuma hada da ya faru a tarihin zuwa wani lokaci daga baya. Sun bayyana wannan dalilai na siyasa mol to hamayya da juna da kuma Byzantine Kiev Rus. Don wannan karshen, marubucin labarinsa na waje asalin da sarakuna na daular Qing.

Hakika, da Normans ba ko da yaushe cikakken mayalwaci fassara tarihin asali, amma kuma antinormanskaya ka'idar ma yana da nasa sosai m kurakurai. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi musu da cewa Normans kasance halarce a Rasha, kuma sun kasance aiki, sun bar su da alãmarsu a tarihi. Wasu yi musun kasancewar Rurik. Wannan, ba shakka, zai iya zama zai yiwu, amma sosai wuya, domin shi na kama wani babban pedigree a tarihi. Musamman cewa daular na sarakuna, da daga baya sarakuna, samu daga Igor, yana da mahaifi "Rurik" sai ƙarshen XVI karni.

Domin fiye da ƙarni biyu da antinormanskaya Norman ka'idar asalin Old Rasha jihar dalili rigingimu tsakanin mabiyan su. Amma wanda yake daidai, Ba wanda ya tsira iya da'awar. A tsawon shekaru da suka zama tarihi tips da Sikeli a cikin ni'imar daya, sa'an nan na wancan gefe.