Genrih Gerts: biography, binciken kimiyya

A cikin dukan tarihin kimiyya sanya da yawa binciken. Duk da haka, kawai kaɗan daga gare su, dole mu fuskanci kowace rana. Ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin rayuwa ta zamani ba tare da cewa sanya Gerts Genrih Rudolf.

Wannan Jamus likita, shi ne ya kafa masu kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma tabbatar wa duniya da wanzuwar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. Shi ne da godiya ga bincike, mun yi amfani da TV da rediyo, wanda aka daidaita a cikin rayuwar kowane mutum.

iyali

Genrih Gerts aka haife kan 02/22/1857 Mahaifinsa - Gustav - yanayin da ayyukan da aka lauya, bayan murtuke zuwa Hamburg birni Sanata, a cikin abin da iyalin rayu. Yaron ta uwa - Betty Augustus. Ta kasance 'yar kafa daga cikin shahararrun Cologne banki. Yana da daraja yana mai cewa wannan ma'aikata har yanzu aiki a Jamus. Henry ya kasance na farko-haife Betty da Gustav. Daga baya, cikin iyali zo maza uku da daya yarinya.

makarantar kwana

Kamar yadda wani yaro, Genrih Gerts wani rauni, kuma sickly yaro. Shi ya sa ya ba son waje wasanni da motsa jiki. Amma Henry tare da mai girma babbar sha'awa karanta daban-daban da kuma littattafan karatu kasashen waje harsuna. Duk da wannan gudummawar da horo na memory. Akwai wasu ban sha'awa facts biography na gaba masanin kimiyya, suka ce cewa yaron ya iya da kansa koyi Larabci da kuma Sanskrit.

A iyaye yi imani da cewa da farko-haife zai zama tabbata ga lauya, tun tafi a cikin sahun mahaifinsa. Yaron da aka ba a Hamburg School. Akwai ya yi nazarin dokokin. Duk da haka, a kan daya daga cikin matakai na koyo a makaranta ya fara bayar da azuzuwan a kimiyyar lissafi. Kuma daga wannan lokacin cikin bukatun da Henry canja matu. Abin farin, iyayensa bai nace a kan jarrabawa na shari'a hali. Sun yarda da yaron ya sami ya kira a rayuwa, da kuma canjawa wuri shi zuwa ga motsa jiki a. A karshen mako, Henry karatu a makarantar Crafts. A yawa na lokaci yaron ciyar da zane, karatu sassaƙa. A matsayin] an makaranta, ya hau kan ta farko da yunkurin haifar da kida da na'ura a nazarin jiki mamaki. Duk wannan ya nuna cewa yaro gudu zuwa ilmi.

studentship

A 1875, Genrih Gerts samu wani matriculation takardar shaidar. Wannan ya ba shi dama don shiga jami'a. A 1875 ya koma Dresden, inda ya zama wani dalibi na Technical College. A farko, karatu a wannan ma'aikata son saurayi. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, Genrih Gerts gane cewa injiniya ta aiki - shi ba ya kira. Yaron bar makaranta, ya tafi Munich, inda aka kwantar kai tsaye a cikin shekara ta biyu na jami'a.

A hanya zuwa kimiyya

A matsayin dalibi, Henry fara gurin zuwa gudanar da bincike. Amma nan da nan da saurayi ya gane cewa ilimi samu a cikin jami'a don wannan bai isa ba. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, ya samu da diploma, ya koma Berlin. A nan, a cikin babban birnin kasar Jamus, Heinrich zama dalibi a jami'a da kuma samu aiki aiki a matsayin mataimakin a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje Germana Gelmgoltsa. Wannan shi ne mafi girma kimiyyar lissafi na lokaci lura da wani talented saurayi. Ba da da ewa tsakanin su kafa dangantaka mai kyau, wanda daga baya garwaya da ba kawai a kusa da abota amma kuma a cikin kimiyya hadin gwiwa.

doctoral digiri

A karkashin shiriya daga cikin shahararrun likita Hertz kare rubutun kuma ya zama mai gane gwani a fagen electrodynamics. Shi ne a cikin wannan shugabanci da suka kasance sunã daga baya sanya muhimman hakkokin binciken immortalize da sunan masanin kimiyya.

A waɗannan shekaru da shi ba a karatu, ko wutar lantarki, ko Magnetic filin. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa akwai sauki ruwaye. Su zato da inertia, inda shugaba zo da ke lantarki a halin yanzu.

Genrih Gerts gudanar da yawa gwaje-gwajen. Duk da haka, tabbatacce sakamakon a cikin ganewa na inertia a farko shi aka ba samu ta hanyar shi. Duk da haka, a cikin 1879 domin gudanar da bincike, ya samu lambar yabon na Jami'ar Berlin. Wannan lambar yabo da ya yi aiki a matsayin mai iko tutu don ci gaba da gudanar da bincike. A sakamakon kimiyya gwaje-gwajen da na Hertz baya kafa tushen da sabawa rubuce-rubucensu. 5. 02.1880 ta kariya ya farkon aiki na da wani matashi masanin kimiyya, wanda a lokacin da aka cika a 32 shekaru. Hertz lashe doctoral digiri, a diploma na ƙarshe na Berlin University tare da karrama.

Manual nasu dakin gwaje-gwaje

Genrih Gerts, wanda biography a matsayin masanin kimiyya bai ƙare a kan tsaro na dissertation, domin a lokacin, ya ci gaba da msar tambayar nazarin a Cibiyar Physics, located a Jami'ar Berlin. Duk da haka, ya zarar ya gane cewa shi ya fi, kuma mafi fara jawo hankalin gwaje-gwajen.

A 1883, a kan shawarwarin na Helmholtz matasa masanin kimiyya samu wani sabon post. Ya zama mataimakiyar shaihi, a Kiel. Shekaru shida bayan wannan ganawa, Herz aka ciyar da su Farfesa na Physics, ya fara aiki a birnin Karlsruhe, inda akwai wata Higher fasaha School. Hertz ne karon farko da ya sami kansa gwaji dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda bayar da shi m 'yanci da ikon magance ta ban sha'awa gwaje-gwajen. Babban shugabanci na kimiyya da bincike ya zama wani fannin nazari m lantarki oscillations. Wadannan su ne tambayoyin da cewa Hertz aka aiki, yayin da har yanzu dalibi.

A Karlsruhe Henry ta yi aure. Mata tasa Alisabatu ta zama Doll.

Samun shaidar binciken kimiyya

Duk da aure, da masanin kimiyyar Genrih Gerts bai bari su jobs. Ya ci gaba da gudanar da wani bincike a kan inertia. A cikin binciken kimiyya da aka dogara ne a kan Hertz ka'idar sa a gaba ta hanyar Maxwell, bisa ga abin da gudu daga igiyoyin rediyo ya zama kama da gudun haske. A lokacin daga 1886 zuwa 1889. Hertz gudanar da yawa gwaje-gwajen a cikin wannan shugabanci. A sakamakon haka, da masanin kimiyya ya tabbatar da wanzuwar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa.

Duk da cewa su gwaje-gwajen da matasa likita amfani da m kayan aiki, ya ya iya samun quite tsanani sakamakon. Aiki Hertz zama ba kawai a tabbatar da kasancewar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. Masana kimiyya sun gano da kuma gudun su yaduwa, refraction da kuma tunani.

Genrih Gerts, da bude daga wanda ya kafa tushen zamani electrodynamics, ya samu wata babbar lamba na daban-daban awards ga aikinsa. Daga cikin su:
- Baumgartner Award, gabatar da Vienna Academy.
- mindar. Matteucci, gabatar da Society of Sciences a Italiya.
- Prize na Paris Academy of Sciences.
- Japan Order of alfarma Treasure.

Bugu da kari, mun san Hertz - naúrar na mita mai suna bayan sanannen majagaba. A lokaci guda, Henry ya zama m memba na Jami'an da sciences na Roma, Berlin, Munich da kuma Vienna. Wadanda binciken, wanda sanya masanin kimiyya, a gaske invaluable. Saboda gaskiya cewa Genrih Gerts gano, qirqire, kamar mara igiyar waya gidan waya, rediyo da telebijin, daga baya ya zama zai yiwu ga mutãne. Kuma a yau, ba tare da su ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin rayuwar mu. A hertz - wani sashi ne na auna saba wa kowannenmu daga makaranta.

A samu na photoelectric sakamako

Tun 1887, masana kimiyya ya fara sake su msar tambayar ra'ayi game da yanayin da haske. Kuma shi ya faru godiya ga bincike Genriha Gertsa. Ta hanyar aiki tare da an bude rami, sanannen likita, ya nuna cewa, a lokacin da hasken ultraviolet da haske da fis din ƙwarai yuwuwa da nassi daga tartsatsin wutar tsakanin su. Wannan hoto sakamako da aka sosai gwada wa Rasha likita A. G. Stoletovym a 1888-1890 gg. An gano cewa wannan sabon abu ne ya sa ta kau daga karfe saman korau wutar lantarki saboda daukan hotuna zuwa ultraviolet haske.

Genrih Gerts - likita, ya gano sabon abu (daga baya an bayyana Albertom Eynshteynom), wanda a yau ake amfani da ko'ina a cikin art. Saboda haka, photoelectric sakamako dangane da mataki na photocells, ta hanyar abin da yake zai yiwu, don samar da wutar lantarki daga hasken rana. Irin wannan na'urorin su ne musamman dacewa cikin sharuddan sarari, inda babu sauran kafofin samar da makamashi. Har ila yau, da taimakon hasken rana Kwayoyin tare da fim da aka buga da baya da rubuta sauti. Kuma dai ba duka.

Yau, masana kimiyya sun koya hada hasken rana Kwayoyin tare da gudun ba da sanda, wanda ya kai ga halittar wani iri-iri na "ganin" inji. Wadannan na'urori masu iya ta atomatik bude da kuma rufe kofa, kashe da kuma kunna fitilu, warware abubuwa, da sauransu. D.

meteorology

Wannan filin daga kimiyya Hertz ko da yaushe yana mai zurfi sha'awa. Ko da yake warai meteorology masanin kimiyya bincika, ya rubuta wani yawan articles game da topic. Wannan shi ne lokacin da ya yi aiki a Berlin likita Helmholtz mataimaki. Har ila yau, binciken da aka gudanar da Hertz a kan danshin ruwa ruwa, tabbatar da dalilin da kaddarorin hõre adiabatic canje-canje na m iska, samar da wani sabon hoto kayan aikin da hygrometer.

lamba makanikai

Mafi mashahuri Hertz kawo binciken a electrodynamics. A 1881-1882 gg. malamin da aka buga biyu articles a kan topic na lamba makanikai. Wannan aiki ya na bayar da muhimmanci. Yana sa a sakamakon, duk bisa kan gargajiya ka'idar elasticity kuma maras iyaka makanikai. Developing wannan ka'idar Hertz lura ga Newton zobba wanda aka kafa ta ajiye a kan gilashin Sphere ruwan tabarau. Don kwanan wata, wannan ka'idar da ɗan bita, kuma shi dogara ne a kan dukkan data kasance canja wurin lambar sadarwa model a cikin Hasashen na sigogi nanosdvigov.

Walƙiya rediyo Hertz

Wannan sabuwar dabara ya masanin kimiyya precursor dipole eriya. Radio Hertz An halittã shi daga wani guda nuna inductor da capacitor da wani mai siffar zobe, wanda aka bar wa mai tartsatsi iska rata. Da na'urar da aka sanya a cikin wani duhunta akwatin likita. Wannan yarda mana mu ga mafi alhẽri ga walƙiya. Duk da haka, wannan kwarewa Genriha Gertsa ya nuna cewa a cikin akwatin tartsatsi ne da yawa rage. Sa'an nan masanin kimiyya kawar da ayyuka na gilashi cewa an sanya tsakanin da mai karɓar kuma tushen electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. tsawon na walƙiya a lokaci guda ya karu. Abin da ya sa wannan sabon abu, Hertz basu da lokaci don bayyana.

An kawai daga baya, godiya ga ci gaban kimiyya, binciken kimiyya da aka talauci gane da sãshe, kuma ya zama tushen ga haifi "mara waya zamanin." A general, duk gwaje-gwajen bayyana Hertz electromagnetic rabuwa, refraction, tunani, tsangwama, kazalika da sauri, wanda ya nuna electromagnetic taguwar ruwa.

masaƙa sakamako

A 1892, kan na gwaje-gwajen Hertz nuna nassi na cathode haskoki ta bakin ciki tsare sanya daga karfe. Wannan "katako sakamako" da aka fi cikakken bincika da wani dalibi daga cikin manyan likita Filipom Lenardom. Ya kuma ci gaba da ka'idar da cathode tube da kuma karatu shigar azzakari cikin farji na X-haskoki daban-daban kayan. Duk wannan ya zama tushen ga mafi girma sabuwar dabara, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a yau. Yana da aka gano X-haskoki, tsara yin amfani da electromagnetic ka'idar haske.

A tunawa da babban masanin kimiyya

A 1892, Hertz sha wahala mai tsanani migraine, bayan da ya kamu da kamuwa da cuta. Academic sarrafa sau da yawa, kokarin rabu da cutar. Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru talatin da shida shekaru Gerts Genrih Rudolf mutu daga jini guba. sanannen likita aiki a kan aikinsa "Principles of makanikai fada a wani New Connection" ga sosai kwanaki na arshe. A cikin wannan littafin Hertz kokarin sa hankali na sun gudanar da binciken, gano karin hanyoyi na karatu lantarki mamaki.

Bayan mutuwar masanin kimiyyar aikin da aka kammala kuma shirya saboda wallafawa Germanom Gelmgoltsem. A gabatarwar wannan littafi, sai ya nuna gaskiyar cewa Hertz shi ne mafi talented ya dalibai, da kuma cewa shi ya bude daga baya ƙayyade da bunkasar kimiyya. Wadannan kalmomi sun annabci. Interest a binciken kimiyya ya bayyana ga masu bincike riga 'yan shekaru bayan mutuwarsa. Kuma a cikin karni na 20th dangane Hertz ta fara aiki wajen samar da kusan duk wuraren da cewa ne kimiyyar lissafi to zamani.

A shekara ta 1925, domin gano dokoki na karo na electrons da zarra masanin kimiyya aka bayar da kyautar Nobel. Na samu ta dan, babban likita - Gustav Ludwig Hertz. A 1930, kasa da kasa Electrotechnical Hukumar soma wani sabon naúrar na ji tsarin. Ta zama Hertz (Hz). Wannan mita m daya lokaci na oscillation daya na biyu.

A shekarar 1969, a kan ƙasa daga Gabashin Jamus a gina tunawa da su. H. Hertz. A shekarar 1987, da ta samu lambar da aka kafa ta Heinrich Hertz IEEE. Its shekara-shekara kyautar sanya fice nasarori a fagen gwaji da kuma ka'idar da ba ruwa. A girmamawa Hertz kira ko da wani Lunar bakin dutse da aka located bayan gabashin gefen wani wani sarari suKe jiki.