Ilya Ehrenburg: biography da ayyukansu

Mawãƙi, marubuci, zamantakewa himmar aiki, 'yar jarida, fassara Erenburg Ilya Grigorevich aka haife shi a 1891 (27 Janairu - a kan Gregorian kalanda, a Janairu 14 - da haihuwa) a Kiev. Iyalinsa a 1895 ya koma Moscow. Ga Iliya mahaifin don wani lokaci ne darektan wata madafar giya.

Fitar daga makaranta da kuma ƙaura zuwa Paris

Samun ci tsanani jarrabawa a 1898 (lura cewa ga Yahudawa wanzu uku da kashi da ake bukata), Ilya shiga 1 st Moscow dakin motsa jiki. Duk da yake har yanzu a matashi, ya dauki bangare a cikin 1905 juyin juya halin. Ehrenburg gina kusa Kudrinskaya Square barricades aikin jam'iyyar umarni. Ya rubuta cewa, ya kõma zuwa ga Bolsheviks. A 1907, a cikin bazara, akwai farko da kasida mai suna "Shekaru biyu na guda jam'iyyar." A wannan shekara, a watan Nuwamba, za su gudanar da wani bincike a gidansa, haddasa Ilya G. ne a kurkuku (a cikin Janairu 1908 da aka kama shi). Mahaifinsa ya maishe jingina zuwa kotu, kuma a lokacin rani, bayan 5 watanni, juyin juya halin Musulunci, a karshe bari sako-sako da. Duk da haka, shi fitar daga 6 motsa jiki a aji domin neman sauyi aiki. Ilya ne a karkashin 'yan sanda kula.

Ehrenburg a watan Disamba 1908, ya yi hijira zuwa birnin Paris. Akwai ya ci gaba da gwagwarmaya. A Paris, ya gana da Lenin, da Bolsheviks samu. Duk da yake laƙabi Ilya Ehrenburg ya Shaggy (saboda da disheveled shugaban gashi). Lenin har yanzu tuna da shi da wannan sunan barkwanci a lokacin da karanta farko da labari. Duk da haka, da babbar sha'awa ga Bolshevism ya short-rayu, kazalika da Katolika. Bayan wani lokaci, Ilya yanke shawarar tafiyar da wallafe-wallafen ayyuka da kuma janye daga rayuwar siyasa.

A farko tarin na waqoqi

Ehrenburg fara rubuta wakoki a farkon 1909. Kamar yadda ya ɗauka, shi ya faru "bazata": Ilya G. dauke da yarinya, wanda ya ƙaunace shayari. A Paris, ta farko da tarin waqe-waqe da aka buga a 1910. To, akwai mutane uku: a cikin 1911 - "Na zauna", a 1913 - "Yau da kullum", a shekara ta 1914 - "Baby". Ehrenburg rubuta game da Knights da Gentlemen, Holy Sepulchre da Maryamu Stuart. The matasa mawãƙi kusantar da hankalin Bruce. "Yau da kullum" - ya bayyana a cikin 1913, da tarin - ya nuna cewa marubucin yana da kawayeniya game da "tsohuwar al'umma" ba wanzu. A 23, Ilya G. quite da aka sani daga cikin manyan mukaman bohemians a matsayin alamar mawãƙi ne.

Bayan yakin duniya na farko, Ilya G. kokarin enlist a Faransa sojojin kasashen waje masu sa kai, amma ga kiwon lafiya dalilai da aka ayyana m.

M aiki a kan Western Front

A lokacin daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa 1917 ya kasance wani ɗan jarida ga Rasha jaridu, ya yi aiki a kan Western Front. Yana da wadannan soja rubutu - farkon ya jarida da. Ilya Ehrenburg a 1915 da kuma 1916 da aka buga makala da articles a cikin Moscow jaridar "The Morning na Rasha". Sa'an nan, a cikin 1916-17 gg., Ya rubuta zuwa St. Petersburg "Stock Exchange News".

sabon kame

Ilya Ehrenburg a Yuli 1917 ya koma Rasha. Na farko, duk da haka, bai yarda da Oktoba juyin juya halin. Wannan da aka nuna a cikin 1918 littafin "Addu'a ga Rasha".

Bayan wani taƙaitaccen kama a cikin watan Satumba 1918, ya yanke shawarar zuwa Kiev, sa'an nan ya koma Koktebel. Ehrenburg koma a cikin kaka na 1920 a Moscow. Ga shi an sake kama shi, amma nan da nan saki. Ilya Ehrenburg a Moscow, ya yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo Department of the People ta Commissariat shugaban wani sashe yara. Ya gangarawa sashen a lokacin Vsevolod Meyerhold.

New tarin wakoki

A lokacin daga 1918 zuwa 1923. Ehrenburg halitta yawa tarin wakoki. A shekara ta 1919 ya bayyana "wuta" a 1921 - "maraice" da "Yin Tunani" a shekara ta 1922 - "devastates soyayya" da "kasashen waje tunani", a shekarar 1923 - "dabba zafi" da sauransu.

Ehrenburg sake kasashen waje

Bayan samun izni daga hukumomi don tafiya kasashen waje, a watan Maris 1921, Ehrenburg da matarsa tafi Paris, yayin da rike wani Soviet fasfo. A Faransa babban birnin kasar ya gana da fara wani abota da yawa na al'adu Figures na France -. Picasso, Aragon, Eluard, da dai sauransu Tun wannan lokacin Ehrenburg rayu mafi yawa a kasashen yamma.

Ya aka fitar daga Faransa jim kadan bayan isowa (ga pro-Soviet furofaganda). Ehrenburg ya bazara na 1921 a Belgium. Ga rubuta na farko litattafan aiki na Ilya Ehrenburg. "The m Kasadar Julio Jurenito da kuma almajiransa ..." - wani labari, halitta a shekara ta 1922. Wannan aikin ya komo da Ilya Grigorievich Turai ɗaukaka. Ehrenburg ga kansa da farko a matsayin satirist.

Shi kuwa yana da wuya ga marubuci ya zo a gaci - shi ba ya dace ko dai wani sabon kamfanin ( "tausayi"), kuma tsohon tsari. Ya ba ya so ya zama a Rasha, kuma a Paris don shirya shi ba zai yiwu ba. Ehrenburg haka muka yanke shawarar komawa zuwa Berlin. Ilya G. a lokacin daga 1921 zuwa 1924, yafi zauna a Jamus babban birnin kasar. A nan sai ya yi aiki a cikin mujallu "New Rasha Littafi" da "Rasha littafin". Ilya har 1923 ya ci gaba da tsara da buga kasidu, sa'an nan ya yanke shawarar gaba daya canzawa zuwa halittar litattafan ayyukan.

Rayuwa a Faransa, sabon ayyukansu

Bayan da "Hagu kungiyar" zo a 1924 to ikon a Faransa, Ilya G. samu izinin shirya a wannan kasa. Tun wannan lokacin Ehrenburg yafi zauna a Paris.

Fiye da 20 littattafai halitta a 1920 ta Ilya Ehrenburg. Littattafan cancanta da hankali. Daga cikin su an da aka buga a 1922 "fishy labari". a shekarar 1923 - "goma sha uku shambura" (tarin short labarai), "Rayuwa da mutuwa na Nikolaya Kurbova" da "Trust D. E. Tarihi na mutuwa na Turai". a 1924 - "Love of Jeanne Ney". a 1926 - "Summer na shekara ta 1925". a 1927 - "a guje titi" da sauransu. Ehrenburg Ya halitta wani labari da ake kira "m rayuwa Lasik Roitschwantz" a 1928, wanda aka buga a 1989 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. "United Front" ya bayyana a cikin 1930.

1930 a cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ehrenburg

A tafiya zuwa Jamus, Spain da kuma sauran kasashen Turai, jajirce da shi a cikin 1930s, Ilya G. gamsu a gaba na farkisanci. Ehrenburg ne rayayye da hannu a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa, da Tarayyar Soviet. A 1932, ya zama da Paris wakilinmu na "Izvestia", ziyarci da yi site na farko biyar (labari "A rana ta biyu", da aka buga a 1933, shi ne sakamakon da ya kai ziyara). "Shin, ba numfashin" - wani labari, wanda aka halitta a shekarar 1935 bayan da tafiya zuwa arewa na kasar, wanda ya yi Ehrenburg a 1934

Mafi yawan lokaci a lokacin fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a cikin Spanish yakin basasa (1936-39). Ilya G. ya a kasar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin for "Izvestia" a Spain a cikin Republican sojojin. A nan sai ya halicci mai yawa makala da articles, kazalika da "Menene wani mutum dole ne" - wani labari da aka buga a 1937.

Bayan aikin jarida, Ehrenburg ma da za'ayi diplomasiyya ayyukan. A International Congress aka gudanar a cikin goyon bayan al'ada (a 1935 da kuma 1937), ya kasance wakilin kasar mu, ya yi kamar wata Soviet marubuci kuma anti-farkisanci.

Bayan wani 15-shekara hiatus a 1938, Ehrenburg sake koma wa shayari. The ayoyi ya ci gaba da rubuta har mutuwarsa.

Koma Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin yakin duniya na II

Bayan da Jamus sun shagaltar da Faransa a 1940, daga karshe ya zo a mayar da Tarayyar Soviet. A nan sai ya fara rubuta wani labari da ake kira "The Fall na Paris". A kashi na farko da aka buga a farkon 1941, kuma dukan duka labari - a 1942. A daidai wannan lokaci da wannan aiki aka bayar da Stalin Prize.

Erenburg Ilya Grigorevich a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya yi aiki a matsayin yaki wakilinmu. Ya yi aiki a jaridar "Red Star". Kasidunsu aka buga ba kawai a cikin jaridar, amma a cikin sauran - "Izvestia", "Pravda", wasu jarida division da kuma kasashen waje. Kawai game da 3 da dubu. Shi articles da aka buga a jaridu, a lokacin daga 1941 zuwa 1945. Anti-farkisanci wasu 'yan takardu da articles kunshe a cikin uku-girma jarida da ake kira "yakin" (1942-44.).

A lokaci guda, Ilya G. ci gaba da haifar da kuma buga waqoqi da waqe game da yaki. A ra'ayin na littafinsa "Storm" ya bayyana a lokacin yaki da shekaru. A aikin da aka kammala a shekarar 1947. A shekara daga baya, Ehrenburg samu shi da Jihar kyautar. "Poems of War" da aka buga a 1943.

A post-yaki shekaru a cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ehrenburg

Ilya G. bayan da yaki ya ci gaba da m aiki. A 1951-52. littafinsa da aka buga "The Tara Wave" da labarin "The narke" (1954-56.). Tale ya sa mai tsanani muhawara. Its sunan da aka amfani da su koma zuwa wani lokaci da cewa kasar mu yana a zamantakewa da siyasar ci-gaba.

Ehrenburg a 1955-57 shekaru ya rubuta adabi da kuma m makala sadaukar da Faransa art. Common sunan - "Faransa Littafin Rubutu." Ilya G. a 1956 cimma a cikin babban birnin kasar da Tarayyar Soviet, da farko nuni da Picasso.

A ƙarshen 1950s ya fara aiki a kan halittar wani littafi na memoirs Ilya Ehrenburg. Ayyukan kunshe a shi, sõyayya a karkashin sunan "Mutane. Years. Life." Wannan littafi da aka buga a 1960. Cikin shida sassa raba shi da Ilya Ehrenburg. "Mutane. Years. Life" ba sun hada da duk memoirs rubuta da shi. Kawai a shekarar 1990 suka buga a full.

Outdoor ayyukan Ilia G.

Kafin rasuwarsa Ilya Erenburg ya jagoranci wani aiki rayuwar zamantakewa. A lokacin daga 1942 zuwa 1948 ya kasance wani memba na JAC (da Turai Anti-farkisanci kwamitin). A JAC ya zama shugaban hukumar, yana aiki a kan halittar "The Black Littafi" a cikin 1943, a cikin abin da aka faɗa game da kisan-kiyashi da cewa Nazis yi wa Yahudawa.

Wannan littafi, duk da haka, an dakatar. Yana daga baya aka buga a Isra'ila. Saboda rikici da jagoranci a 1945, marubucin Ilya Ehrenburg murabus daga hukumar.

JAC aka rufe a watan Nuwamba 1948. A tsari da shugabanninta, wanda ya ƙare ne kawai a shekara ta 1952. A rikodin featured da Ilya Ehrenburg. Kama da shi, duk da haka, Stalin da aka bai yi izni ba.

Ehrenburg a watan Afrilu 1949 aka daya daga cikin masu shirya na farko World Peace Congress. Har ila yau a 1950, Ilya G. dauki bangare a cikin World Peace Council, mukaddashin kamar yadda mataimakin shugaban.

karrama

Ehrenburg akai-akai zabe ta Tarayyar Soviet Koli Soviet Mataimakin. Sau biyu ya aka bayar da Jihar Prize da Tarayyar Soviet (a 1942 da kuma 1948.), Kuma karbi International Lenin Prize a shekara ta 1952. A shekarar 1944, Ilya Grigorievich aka bayar da Order of Lenin. A Faransa gwamnatin sanya shi a Knight na Tuli na karimci.

Personal rayuwa Ehrenburg

Ilya Ehrenburg aka aure sau biyu. Ya rayu a lokacin da Ekaterinoy Shmidt a wani ƙungiyoyin aure. A 1911 aka haife 'yar Irina (shekaru na rayuwa - 1911-1997), wanda ya zama wani fassara da kuma marubuci. A karo na biyu, Ilya G. aure Lyubov Kozintseva, artist. Tare da ta ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa.

Mutuwa Ili Erenburga

Bayan wani dogon rashin lafiya Ilya Erenburg mutu a Moscow a kan Agusta 31, 1967. Aka binne shi a cikin Novodevichy hurumi. A cikin kabari a shekara daga baya gina wani gini. A da shi a kan wani zane Pablo Pikasso, abokinsa, Ilya G. buga profile.

Da fatan, a wannan labarin, ka koyi wani abu sabo game da irin wannan mutum, kamar yadda Ilya Ehrenburg. Tarihinsa ne haƙĩƙa takaice, amma mafi muhimmanci lokacin, mun yi kokarin ba miss.