Jama'a Movement karkashin Alexander 1. Principal ayyuka

A nasara a kan Napoleon ya kawo dogon-jiran zaman lafiya a Turai, amma bai shirya wani ciki matsaloli na Rasha Empire. A postwar lokacin da aka zamanin Alexander 1, halin da sabon shugabanci na jama'a aiki - zamantakewa motsi. A karo na farko a cikin Rasha yakin manufofi sun samu wani tsari form. Jama'a Movement karkashin Alexander 1 ga ayyukan da za a saka a kan tushe na masu sassaucin ra'ayi ideas.

Liberalism a kasar

A ideas na Turai liberalism baza su Rasha a lokacin Catherine II, wanda corresponded rayayye da irin wannan ideologists wannan shugabanci, kamar yadda Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, da sauransu. Duk da haka, daga baya da Empress ƙaryata da waɗannan rukunai, da gaskiya da tsoron cewa za su cutar da daular mulkinsu a Rasha.

Biyu iska motsi sassaucin ra'ayi a Rasha samu a 1812. Sojoji da kuma jami'an da suka kasance a Turai, ya koma gida a nuna jin abokin gaba na serfdom da autocratic tsarin mulki. Cikakkar watsi ga hukumomin bukatar sake fasalin kasar sa a ci gaba da smoldering damunsu, na yawan jama'ar. Yana da yake a cikin wadannan yanayi da aka haife kuma fara da ayyukan da wani zaman jama'a motsi a karkashin Alexander 1.

summary

A farko ba na gwamnati kungiyoyin a Rasha sun Masonic lodges. A ra'ayin na zargin Masonic motsi ya zo daga kasashen Turai. By 20th shekara na XIX karni. mambobi na Masonic lodges sun kasance game da 3 da dubu. manya yan kasuwa da kuma tsakiyar-aji. Freemasonry ya ba da jama'a da kwarewa wajibi ga kungiyar da kuma ayyukan da sirrin jama'a. M wani zaman motsi a karkashin Alexander 1 san irin sirrin al'ummu: ceton Union, kudancin Society, Union of United Slavs da sauransu.

ceto Union

Wannan shi ne na farko da manyan kamfanin. Its kafa shi ne AN Ants - Kanar Janar Staff, da gwarzo na yakin duniya na II.

Manufar kungiyar Ceto ya kawar da serfdom da ƙuntatawa na game da hakkin da daular mulkinsu. Akwai wasu da kira ga hadin kai da kuma regicide, amma ba su yada a cikin mafi yawan mambobi ne na jam'iyya.

Bayan da aka yanke shawarar jawo hankalin goyon bayan jama'a, da kungiyar tarayyar Rescue blossomed, da kuma a kan ta da asali akwai ci gaba Union. Asirin Society shirin da kansa shatan, wanda aka fi sani da "Green Littafi". Dalili na kamfanin kafa guda ideas kamar yadda kafin - da kifar da autocracy da kuma halakar serfdom. Amma a lokaci guda kungiyar mambobi sun amince su shiga a cikin gyare-gyare na jihar, tare da gwamnatin dora muhimmanci ga ideas na ilimi da kuma horo. Lokacin da gwamnatin ki gyara jihar, jama'a motsi na Alexander 1 ya yi barazana. Nasara soja juyin mulki a yammacin Turai ya sa da ra'ayin shirya wani juyin mulkin soja a Rasha da kuma tilasta wa gwamnatin za su yarda da.

Saboda haka, bayan da kungiyar Welfare aka kafa sabuwar al'ummu, wanda ake kira a Arewa da Kudu.

Northern jama'a

Society ya zama cibiyar Arewa Petersburg. Tarayyar mambobi sun EP Obolensky, S. P. Trubetskoy, N. M. Muravev, da sauransu. Bisa ga shirin kayyade N. M. Muravevym a cikin "kundin tsarin mulki", Rasha da su suyi watsi da autocracy da kuma zama wani tsarin mulki daular mulkinsu. Ya kuma dage farawa da ra'ayin wani tarayya rabo na Rasha a ranar 15 "iko." Taƙaitattun da dama na sarki. Yana bayar ga sirri da 'yanci na manoma, da kuma gabatar da yancin] an ga duk dan kasar Rasha. Wadannan maki ba wani ra'ayin abin da ka nemi jama'a motsi na Alexander 1.

kudancin jama'a

Wannan united jama'a ilimi jami'an da suka yi aiki a cikin ƙasa na Ukraine. The shugaban kudancin Society - gwarzo na yakin Borodino, Kanar P. I. Pestel.

A karkashin ya jagoranci, daftarin kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha da ake kira "Rasha gaskiya" da aka halitta, amma tare da karin m fiye da na Muravyova theses. Saboda haka, Rasha Empire ya zama Republican kasa, ba da wani daular mulkinsu. Sarrafa jihar ta Majalisar Koli ta da Mutane ta majalisar. Manoma samar da ba kawai 'yanci, amma kuma kasa mãkirci.

Saboda haka, sokewa serfdom da m canje-canje a jihar shi ne tushen abin da motsi halin jama'a a karkashin Alexander 1. Table dake bayyana wani taƙaitaccen nufi jama'a da kungiyoyi, da aka gabatar a kasa.

Members na sirri al'ummu rayayye yi magana game da real hanyoyin da za a cimma burin su. A sakamakon haka shi da hukuncin da jihar Soja gabatar.

Duk da halin asiri, gwamnati na da wani ra'ayin game da barazanar da za'ayi a zaman motsi a karkashin Alexander 1. A 1822, an yanke shawarar zuwa ban duk Masonic lodges da kuma sirrin jama'a. A 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa, sai sarki ya umarci kama mahalarta a cikin fitina. The m mutuwa da Sarkin sarakuna tura mutane zuwa zãluncin rarraba jama'a a 1825.