Mene ne yayi a tunani da kuma ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

A ra'ayi na "yayi" An farko da ya gabatar a falsafar kimiyya positivist G. Bergman, amma ya zama yadu da aka sani bayan buga T. Kuhn da kimiyya da falsafa ayyukansu. Ya miƙa masa ra'ayi a kan kimiyya da juyin juya halin a matsayin yayi motsi - wasu na farko na ra'ayi da kuma ka'idojin frameworks cewa mamaye kimiyya a wani tarihi lokaci. To, abin da yake da yayi a kimiyya? A karkashin wannan ra'ayi yana nufin jimlar mutuncin kimiyya imani, dabi'u da kuma hanya da binciken, wanda aka yarda da kimiyya al'umma.

M hangen zaman a kan manufar "yayi". Tabbatar da dalilin da daban-daban fuskanci

Game da kimiyya na tunani da kuma dokokin ta bayyana kafa uku fuskanci game da amsar wannan tambaya: "Abin da yake a yayi a tunani?".

A farko m kunshi a gaskiyar cewa wannan halitta kimiyya ne doparadigmalnoy filin na ilmi, kamar yadda wani kimiyya yayi ba ta riga ta samu ci gaba.

A karo na biyu m, masana ilimin tunani na yi imani multiparadigmality kimiyya, tun lokacin da aka kafa da dama paradigms - psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitivist da sauransu.

The uku m ne halin da cewa tunani yana dauke vneparadigmalnoy kimiyya, saboda manufar "yayi" bai shafi a cikin wannan filin.

Bil Adama da na halitta kimiyya paradigms a Psychology

Shahararren masanin kimiyya Jamus Wilhelm Dilthey shared Bayani tunani a mafi gravitating zuwa hanyoyin da ainihin sciences, da kuma siffatawa ko fahimta. Wannan ra'ayi na biyu iri kimiyya dacewa wa yau.

Hanyoyi da dabaru na ilimi da mutum psyche ana rayayye tattauna a Psychology, kuma wannan matsala ne ba na wani guda bayani. Kwatanta wannan halin da ake ciki, B. gudanar da rubuta cewa Psychologists ji sau da yawa, musamman daga wakilan da ainihin sciences, cewa tunani ne ba a kimiyya, tun da ba ta yi daidai da dokokin tsananin hanyoyin kimiyya da bincike. Duk da haka, a daya hannun, da zaran cikin masana ilimin tunani na fara samun shiga a cikin ilmin lissafi hanyoyin domin kwatanta shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai, nema share formalization, da'awar bayyana ko a cikin al'adu - ka ce: Shin, mutum psyche ne don haka hadaddun cewa ba shi yiwuwa a formalize. A wannan halin da ake ciki za mu iya kalla a cikin sosai tunani.

Abokan adawar scientistic m matsayin misali na gubar psychoanalysis. Kamar yadda shahararren Kizhi aka gina ba tare da wata guda ƙusa, da kuma ginin da psychoanalytic trends a tunani da aka gina ba tare da wata guda na ilmin lissafi alama. Tattaunawa magoya bayan wa] annan dabarun har yanzu faruwa.

A ra'ayi na yayi a cikin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

Don gane abin da wani yayi a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, ya kamata ka san cewa dangane da manufar "yayi" a cikin wannan kimiyya tasowa kama da halin da ake ciki da aka bayyana a sama. Tun da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a akwai wani yawan muhimman hakkokin theories, ta kawai kamar Psychology, za a iya dangana ga "multiparadigmality" kimiyya, cewa shi ne, da kimiyya horo cewa yana da mahara paradigms. Kimantawa ta a halin yanzu jihar, da mashahuri sociologist GV Osipov lura da wani adadin manyan makircinsu cewa su ne bisa sanannun theories na Durkheim, Marx, B. Skinner, M. Weber.

A dan kadan daban-daban amsar wannan tambaya: "Abin da yake a yayi?" za a iya samu a cikin sociological adabi kasashen waje. Alal misali, Giddens gani a matsayin paradigmatic kimiyya theories na Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Tare da wannan, ba za ka iya magana game da yawa paradigms a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, amma kawai biyu - na gargajiya da kuma na zamani. Mutane da yawa waje sociologists jayayya da cewa ya bayyana dangane da hanzari canza yanayin da ba zamanin zamantakewa matakai da taimako na msar tambayar gina na masana kimiyya na da ƙarni ne ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, canji halitta su ne hoto na zamantakewa gaskiya, su hasashe na jama'a ya zama wani sabon sociological yayi.