Na farko mutane a sarari. Yawa farko mutum a sarari

Wane ne suka - na farko maza a sarari? A na biyu rabin karni na ashirin da ne na ƙwarai cikin al'amura masu yawa. Daya daga cikin mafi m aka gano mutum sarari. Tarayyar Soviet taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan ingantaccen tsalle, abin da ya faru mutãne, da suka fara gano m sarari. Duk da karfi kishi tsakanin manyan ikokin na duniya, Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka, da farko maza a sarari zo daga Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya sa bouts na impotent fushi a kishiya kasar.

1961

Goma sha biyu a watan Afrilu 1961 - kwanan wata wanda aka sani ga kowane makaranta. A wannan rana manned jirgin cikin sarari shi aka farko aiwatar. Wannan Sa'ad da dukan mutane na duniya sun koya daga sama jannatin da cewa wannan duniya tamu da gaske ne zagaye. A sa'an nan, a kan Afrilu 12, sun halarci mutum na farko a cikin sarari. 1961 th har abada shiga tarihi na earthlings.

Mutumin farko a sarari - daga Tarayyar Soviet!

A waɗannan shekaru shi ne wani m gasar tsakanin USSR da Amurka. Kuma a can, da kuma a can rayayye nemi nazarin sararin samaniya. The United States ne ma a shirye ta gudanar da wani sarari jirgin. Amma ya juya waje cewa tafo na farko cosmonaut daga Tarayyar Soviet. Yana bayyana ga zama Yuri Gagarin. Gwaje-gwaje da ya riga ya za'ayi, da kuma kare tashi sarari, sanannen Belka da Strelka, amma ba mutum ba ne.
A duka duniya ya yaba da farko cosmonaut, duk da dukan Amurka ƙoƙarin rage darajar ta jirgin.

Kamar yadda ya

Kumbon sama jannati "Vostok-1" da aka kaddamar a 9 hours, 7 da minti daga cikin Baikonur Cosmodrome, ɗauke da Yuri Gagarin. Ya gudu dade kadan ya fi tsayi, kawai 108 minti. Ba za mu iya cewa shi ne gaba daya m. A lokacin da jirgin, a can ne gaggawa halin da ake ciki: akwai wani sadarwar gazawar; zuba injimin gano illa, saboda wanda ba katse sabis module ba a jawo. Yana da aka jamming kwat da wando.

Amma, xan sama jannatin fata da kuma fasahar a matsayin dukan ba kunya. Ya komai a fili, catapulted to Earth. Amma saboda rashin gazawar a cikin braking tsarin na inji ba sauko a shirya yankin (110 kilomita daga Stalingrad), da kuma a Saratov, kusa da garin Engels.

Shi ne saboda wannan Amurka na dogon lokaci kokarin gabatar a duniya ra'ayinsu cewa jirgin ba za a iya kira cikakken. Duk da haka, yunkurin sun kasance m. Gagarin hadu a kasashe da dama a matsayin gwarzo. Ya aka bayar a dubun of daban-daban awards a duniya.

Yuri Gagarin: a takaice biography

Ya aka haife ta tara a watan Maris 1934 a kauyen Klushino Gzhatsk gundumar (a halin yanzu da Gagarin gundumar na Smolensk yankin) a cikin wani baƙauye iyali. Akwai ya samu rabin shekaru na zama na Nazi dakarun, a lokacin da dukan iyalin da aka fitar daga cikin gidan da aka tilasta su zauna a cikin dugout. A wannan lokaci, yaron ya ba an yi karatu, kuma kawai bayan da 'yantar da Red Army makaranta koma.
Gagarin sauke karatu daga sana'a makaranta da kuma sa suna a cikin Saratov Industrial Technical School. A 1954, ya fara zo zuwa ga Saratov Flying Club, kuma a shekarar 1955, bayan samun digiri, ya yi ta farko da jirgin. Akwai sun kasance 196 daga baya.

Ya sa'an nan sauke karatu daga Soja Aviation School da kuma aiki a matsayin wani jirgin saman soja matukin jirgi. Kuma a shekarar 1959, ya rubuta wani bayani cewa shi ranked a cikin rukuni na 'yan takara don cosmonauts.

Alexey Gagarin ya mutu sosai da wuri, a cikin shekaru 34. Amma ga wani gajeren rayuwa, ya bar wani babban memory a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa suka tuna da shi a matsayin mutumin na farko ziyarci a Extraterrestrial sarari.

A farko mace a sarari - daga Tarayyar Soviet!

Bayan da jirgin Yuriya Gagarina, wannan Trend suka fara samar da wani ko da mafi m taki. Man da kuma Space janyo hankalin juna tare da sabunta kuzari. Masana kimiyya suna yanzu lit, don haka da cewa mace ziyarci can. Tenacity kuma m taimake Ladies Valentina Tereshkova. Yuni 16, 1963, lokacin da na fara a kan kumbon sama jannati "Vostok-6", ziyarci mace ta farko a sarari, sanannen tun dukan duniya.

Valentina Tereshkova: a takaice biography

Ta aka haife 6 a kan Maris 1937 a Tutaev gundumar na Yaroslavl yankin a wani talakawa iyali. Mahaifinta wani tarakta direban da aka kashe a gaban, ni da uwata yi aiki a wani yadi factory. A 1953 ta sauke karatu bakwai azuzuwan Valya da ya daidaita a kan brasletchitsey Yaroslavl shuka. A a layi daya, ta samu ta ilimi a dare makaranta.
A shekarar 1959, wani matashi Tereshkova zama shiga a cikin parachuting, kuma Ya sanya wani mutum ɗari tsalle.

Space-shi nasaba da rabo a 1962, lokacin da aka yanke shawarar aika mace a cikin sarari. Na da yawa contenders aka zaba biyar 'yan takara. Da zarar ya shiga a cikin cosmonaut Valentina fara inganta horo da kuma ilimi. Kuma a shekara daga baya, shi da aka zaba domin jirgin.

A farko cosmonaut a bude sarari

Aleksey Leonov na farko daga cikin sararin a bude Extraterrestrial sarari. Yana da aka Maris 18, 1965. A wannan lokacin, bãbu kuɓuta tsarin ga 'yan saman jannati da aka yi. Ba shi yiwuwa a dok ko daga daya jirgin ya tafi zuwa wani. Daya iya kawai fatan ga kansa da kuma dabara da tashi da shi. Alexei Arkhipovich yanke shawarar a kan shi, ta haka ne da sanin da mafarki almara Tsiolkovskii wanda shawarar yin amfani da sluice jam'iyya EVAs.

Again, Tarayyar Soviet ta doke Amurka. Su ma, son yi. Amma da fitarwa na farko mutum a sarari aka za'ayi aka mai Soviet mutum.

Kamar yadda ya

Da farko, a cikin wani fili zai aika da dabba, amma daga baya watsi da ra'ayin. Bayan duk, babban kalubale na yadda za a gane yadda za a nuna hali a cikin sarari, mutumin dã ba a warware. Bugu da kari, dabba ne ba iya gaya sa'an nan game da su abubuwan.

Daban-daban da zaton kasance a kan lebe na jama'a game da mutum Extraterrestrial fita cikin bude sarari. Kuma, duk da cewa da farko maza a sarari riga ziyarci, da tabbacin yadda mutanen nuna hali a waje da abin hawa, basu da daya.

A abun da ke ciki na ƙungiya aka zaba sosai a hankali. Bugu da kari na da kyau kwarai jiki data bukata jituwar da jituwa da dukan tawagar. Cosmonauts Belyaev da Leonov ya zama biyu gaba da juna a cikin halaye na mutum.
Cosmonaut zauna a baya goma sha biyu da minti, a lokacin da biyar sau zo kashe jirgin cikin natsuwa, kuma koma baya. A matsalar tashi a lokacin da shi ya zama dole ka koma zuwa mai Matuka jirgin. Spacesuit a injin swelled sosai ya iya ba matsi a cikin ƙyanƙyashe. Bayan jerin m yunkurin Leonov yanke shawarar saba wa umarnin vplyt ciki da shugaban, ba kafafu. ya aikata, shi.

Aleksey Arhipovich Leonov: a takaice biography

Ya aka haife May 30, 1934 a wani Siberian kauye, kusa da birnin Kemerovo. Mahaifinsa wani mai hakar gwal, kuma uwarsa - wani malami.

Alex girma a babban iyali da kuma ya tara yaro. Ko a makaranta tebur, ya zama sha'awar jirgin sama da fasaha, da kuma bayan makarantar sakandare sai ya shiga Pilot School. Sa'an nan, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar na jirgin saman soja matuka. Kuma a shekarar 1960, ya msa da tsaurara selection tsari, ya shiga a cikin cosmonaut.

Leonov sanya jirgin a shekarar 1965. Daga 1967 zuwa 1970 ya jagoranci na farko rukuni na Lunar 'yan saman jannati. A 1973 ya aka zaba a cikin hadin gwiwa jirgin tare da 'yan saman jannati na Amurka, a karon farko a tarihin sanya Tashar sarrafa da kumbon sama jannati.

Alexei Leonov ne na duniya memba na sama jannati kungiyar soja, Academician na rain da Co-Shugaban kungiyar masu binciken sararin samaniya.

Man da kuma Space

Magana game da jigo na sarari, ba a ma maganar mutane kamar S. P. Korolev kuma K. Tsiolkovsky. Su ba su da farko mutane a sararin samaniya da kuma ba ta kasance a can. Duk da haka, sun fi mayar saboda kokarin da aiki na mutum tukuna kai shi.

Sergey Pavlovich - mahaliccin roka da kuma sarari da fasaha na Tarayyar Soviet. Yana yana kan himma, na farko wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam na Duniya da kuma "Vostok-1" da aka aiko ku da shi Yuri Gagarin a kan jirgin. Lokacin da sama jannati mutu a jacket samu wani photo na Sergei Pavlovich.

Tsiolkovsky - a kai sanar da masanin kimiyya, dauke da kafa msar tambayar astronautics. Ya - marubucin yawa kimiyya da dama ayyukan, ciyar da ra'ayin nazarin sararin samaniya.