Rogun yi

Rogun samar da wutar lantarki shuka aikin a kasar Tajikistan fara da za a gane a 1976, lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ma'aikatar gine amince da dacewa takardu. Ga ci gaban da shirin posted Uzbekistan "Hydroproject". Tun daga farko shi ya bayyana cewa gina wannan hydroelectric iko tashar zai zama da wuya matuƙa. A tashar da aka gina a wuya yanayi na Asiya ta tsakiya.

aikin matsaloli

Rogun HPP barazana da kuma barazana da dalilai da dama. Da fari dai, shi ne babban seismicity na yankin. Ƙananan raurawar ƙasa faruwa a nan a kai a kai. Su ne ba m ga HPP, amma idan m cataclysm ne ma da karfi (kamar yadda aka mayar a 1911), sa'an nan a karkashin barazana da halakar da dam zai zama mafi muhimmanci kashi - da manufa.

Abu na biyu, da magina da su Punch gina Tunnels a m da sako-sako da kankara. Abu na uku, akwai wani laifi, wanda ya ƙunshi wata kasa Vakhsh dutse gishiri. Bayyanar da madatsar ruwan zai kai ga ruwa seepage da yashewa tsarin. Constructors na Rogun HPP yi la'akari duk wadannan abubuwan. Bari gina tashar Soviet shugabannin bai so, saboda shi ya kamata ya taka muhimmiyar rawa tattalin arziki a rayuwa na Asiya ta tsakiya.

Soviet dadewa yi

Ko da yake yi na samar da wutar lantarki Rogun shuka ya hada da mutane da yawa complexities, constructors gudanar ya gano mafita cewa sun taimaka laushi da m gefuna. Ruwa yana dauke zama dole don amfani mai high matsa lamba a kusa da tafki dutse gishiri, yayin da a cikin samuwar kanta za a ciyar da wani cikakken bayani. Wannan shawarar da aka fi dace a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki. Godiya ga shi, ya kamata ya hana rushe gishiri.

Girgizar asa - wata babbar masifa. Wannan ba shaci-fadi sani kowa da kowa a kasar Tajikistan. Rogun dam da aka tsara a kan tushen da cewa shi zai iya yin tsayayya da wani girgizar kasa. Don yin wannan, jikin dam sanya friable da wuya tsari. Domin core amfani da baƙin yumɓu da tsakuwa. Wannan ya yi domin taushi dutse cika voids da kuma fasa lalacewa ta hanyar girgizar kasa.

Fara na aikin

A farko magina zo a cikin fall na 1976 Rogun. Platform for ayyukansu aka gina a tsawon fiye da 1 dubu mita. A wuri zaba domin Rogun hydroelectric iko tashar, a lokacin da aka quite kurãme. A nisa tsakanin ginin site kuma mafi kusa tashar jirgin ya 80 km. A kayan aiki da ake bukata domin sababbin kayayyakin kuɓutar daga fadin kasar. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injin turbin da kuma gidajen wuta da aka kerarre a Ukraine, yayin da a cikin m Sverdlovsk sanya hydro. Ga abun da ke ciki na Rogun samar da wutar lantarki shuka yi sadu fiye da 300 Soviet Enterprises.

City Rogun, wanda zaunar da tashar magina, da aka gina daga karce. Multi-storey gidaje, a kindergarten, a makaranta - duk da cewa ba a can kafin fara aiwatar da wani m makamashi aikin. Dumama ginin ne lantarki boilers.

Magina fara yi na wutar lantarki shuke-shuke da shigar azzakari cikin farji na Tunnels a sako-sako da m kankara, inda akwai matsin lamba da yawa. Da zarar sanya sabon da roughing, wadannan Tunnels aka sosai concreting. Total shirya ya zauna 63 kilomita. Magina tafiya zuwa juna daga garesu. Cikinsu yake saran da aka za'ayi da kuma a tsakiyar. A saboda wannan dalili ƙarin shafts.

Tunnels da kuma dam

Domin shekaru goma, shi ne a cikin jariri Rogun, photos daga gina wanda ya fara fada a cikin Soviet latsa, kusan canzawa tun duk wannan lokaci gudanar da shigar azzakari cikin farji Tunnels. Don bugun sama da aiki da kuma ceton kudi, an yanke shawarar ba a yi amfani da classic juji manyan motoci da manyan belts. A cewar kwararru, don haka baitul gudanar ya ajiye game 75-85 miliyan rubles.

A yi na dam fara a shekarar 1987. Disamba 27 da aka katange da kogin Vakhsh. A shekara ta 1993, da gada tsawo ne a kan 40 mita, da rami tsawon kai 21 km. Gidan wuta, kuma inji dakunan sun kusan shirya. Duk da haka, da aikin ba sarrafa don gama. Saboda rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, fitowan da matsalolin tattalin kuma sauran abubuwan, da gine-gine, aka mothballed.

Crash 1993

A shekara ta 1993, da Rogun tsira mai tsanani hatsarin mota. A 'yan shekaru bayan da zoba kogin Vakhsh faru scour gina gada. Dalilin da cewa zai zama mai iko ambaliyar ruwa. A sakamakon haka, ruwa shan ba a kare ba Tunnels da injin turbin zauren gabatarwa da aka cika da ruwa.

Hakika, wani samar da wutar lantarki dole jimre danniya, ko da suna sa da karshensa ambaliyar ruwa. A lokacin da aikace-aikace ya bayyana cewa bala'i dã ba su faru idan ba domin ƙungiya blunders management, alhakin da yi. Yau Rogun (Agusta 2016 zama ta wani watan aiki shiri aikin) yana da wasu masu, amma shi ya kasance "Tadzhikglavenergo" a shekarar 1987, wani m abokin ciniki. Tsakanin wannan tsarin da kuma Directorate gina wani rikici. A sakamakon ta ma'aikatar makamashi na Tarayyar Soviet kange daga aiki mutane, da farko alhakin ganawa deadlines. Rikice da kuma rikice ya kai ga gaskiya cewa zoba na kogin ya ma farkon. Shirya na sauri don tsoron rasa deadlines, amma lokaci ya nuna cewa kara kuskure.

aukuwar irin

Rogun sau da yawa aka kwatanta da sauran samar da wutar lantarki a kasar Tajikistan - Nurek. Wannan hydroelectric iko shuka da aka kaddamar a 1979. A lokacin aiki a kan shi, akwai da dama qananan hatsarori.

Fiye da azãba mai kwatancen Rogun HPP Sayano-Shushenskaya. Ya faru a karshe hatsari ya na mai pronounced technogenic hali. Sa'an nan ya kashe 75 mutane. Magina da kwangilar Roghun hydroelectric gamsu da cewa ya dauki la'akari da kwarewa da wadannan fama, da kuma qarqashin ba fuskanci gaggawa, kamar yadda ya faru a shekarar 1993.

A zamani mataki

Saboda da wuya halin da ake ciki a kasar Tajikistan Rogun shekara goma na kasance a cikin wani daskararre jihar. A 2004 kadai, kasar hukumomi sun kammala tare da Rasha "Kamfanin Rusal" sun amince su ci gaba da aiki a kan gina tashar. A kudi na kamfanin da aka za'ayi magudanun ruwa na flooded dakuna. Duk da haka, kara hadin gwiwa tsakanin jam'iyyun ya ci karo da manyan matsaloli. Kamfanin da kuma gwamnatin ba zai iya yarda a kan fasaha gefe na aikin, ciki har da tsawo daga cikin dam da kuma ta da zane da irin. A shekara ta 2007, wata yarjejeniya tare da "Kamfanin Rusal" an kare.

Bayan haka, Tajik hukumomi sun yanke shawarar gama gina hydroelectric iko, ku nẽmi taimako daga bankin duniya. A 2010, wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a kan kasa da kasa gwaninta daga cikin aikin. Its dan kwangila ya zama Swiss kamfanin. Open hadin gwiwa Stock Company da aka kafa "Rogun HPP". Yau, an ci gaba da yi na hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke.

Sabani da Uzbekistan

Kusan kammala Roghun wanda damar 3600 MW ne hydroelectric game da nau'in Dam. A gini yana da shida samar da wutar lantarki raka'a shigar. Bayan kammala dam suranta wani sabon tafki. A tsawo daga cikin HPP - 335 mita (idan aikin ne har yanzu za a gane, hydroelectric iko shuka zai zama mafi girma a duniya). A cewar masana, da gina kudin fiye da $ biliyan 2.

Jihar na da Rogun samar da wutar lantarki shuka a yau ya kõma da zargi daga mutane da yawa bariki. Babban da'awar an rage wa zabi na da wuri daga cikin dam, watau, wadanda kasada da aka sani a Soviet sau. Duk da haka, yanke masu yi ana gamsu da cewa cikin laka da landslides, girgizar kasa aiki da sauran halitta dalilai ba zai iya cũtar hydroelectric iko.

Mai zargi ji da hukumomi na Uzbekistan (da Vakhsh River ne mai tributary na Amu Darya, wanda yake malala ta ƙasar Uzbekistan). Wannan yana nufin cewa wani take hakkin daya kwarara iya shafar muhalli halin da ake ciki a kasashen kasar. A Uzbek gwamnati, ya sha nanata bayyana ta 'yan adawa ga International Hukumar furta cewa ya ke har yanzu zai yiwu don gama.

muhalli factor

Zai yiwu take hakki na aiki ko shiri na Rogun hydroelectric iko shuka zai iya sa muhalli da kuma zamantakewa kasada. A Uzbekistan, inda gudana daga Amudarya, halin da ake ciki an aggravated da bushewa har na Aral Sea, ya sa ta hanyar rashin iya amfaninka na halitta albarkatun a cikin Soviet zamanin.

Gina dams ko da yaushe taimaka wajen bugun sama da ƙasa yashewa. More matsaloli za su haifar da ambaliya na ƙasar, located a kan ƙasa na samarwa tafki. Canza kwarara daga cikin kogin zai shafi ba kawai a cikin, amma kuma a kan zazzabi. Tafki silting, wadda take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar Organic da ma'adinai laka. Su wadãtar da ƙasa, duk da haka, rage haihuwa a cikin ƙananan kai na cikin kogin (cewa shi ne, a Uzbekistan).

Atom da kuma Kamfanin

Rigingimu samar da bada shawarwari ga madadin bayani na makamashi da kuma matsalolin muhalli a yankin. Saboda haka, Uzbekistan ko da kokarin kawo Rasha da Tarayyar Turai za su shiga a cikin wani sabon shiri a kan yi na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, wanda zai iya rufe da bukatun da dama tsakiyar Asiya (ko da ciki har da Pakistan, Afghanistan da India). Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan shirin ya zo kome gubar.

Ba sai an fada ba tare da cewa a cikin irin wannan duniya batun yanke shawara ne jami'ai. Duk da haka, da real kwararru, musamman muhalli yi imani da cewa rikici a kusa da tashar ne ma siyasa. Matsalar ta'allaka ne da cewa kowace kasa nasa ne ta kogin kamar dukiya, yayin da dukkan albarkatun ruwa a Asiya ta tsakiya suna da nasaba cikin guda kogin tsarin, manyan ga Aral Sea. Shi ya sa muhalli da shawara zuwa tsayar da wani makamashi Kamfanin, wanda, a Bugu da kari ga Tajikistan da kuma Uzbekistan, ya kamata hada da Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan da kuma Afghanistan. Duk da haka, har yanzu babu hakikanin matakai da aka dauka a cikin wannan shugabanci.

Sarez da Rogun

Wasu abokan adawar na yi na Rogun ikon tashar miƙa kai tsaye albarkatun zuwa wani aikin alaka Lake Sarez. Yana tashi a 1911 bayan da m girgizar kasa da kuma gagarumar na kankara, sakamakon wata halitta dam kafa ta rufe da tashar Bartang. The lake kuma alaka da Amu Darya tasa. Idan saboda wasu dalilai (misali, saboda maimaita raurawar ƙasa) halitta dam auka, wani babban kalaman kai har zuwa Aral Sea, haddasa irreparable cutar da birane da yawa na kasashen uku (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan).

Mutane da yawa muhalli da shawara don amfani da albarkatun da na Sarez Lake domin samar da makamashi dalilai, kuma ta haka ne ya kuɓutar da jamhuriyar daga gaira, da kuma kawo karshen rikici da makwabtanta. Rogun HPP (2016 ne ranar tunawa a gare ta), Sarez - duk wadannan abubuwa su ci gaba da haifar da shawara da kuma muhawarar. Magoya bayan Sarez aikin tabbata cewa, shẽkara ɗari, a can ya fito da wani muhalli balance, wanda ke nufin cewa ta ruwa za a iya amfani ba tare da lalacewar muhalli. A cikin hali na Rogun "danniya" yanayi ya tukuna da za a jarraba ku, har idan jefa zai faru bisa ga dokoki.

Muhimmancin samar da wutar lantarki

Domin shekaru masu yawa, Tajikistan yana da tsanani matsaloli tare da hydrocarbon makamashi. A musamman, matsalar dangantawa da yawa rikice-rikice da Uzbekistan da kuma "gas yaki" makwabta.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Rogun hydroelectric iko shuka ne don haka muhimmanci ga kasar, fuskantar wani m makamashi gaira. Similar muhawara don kare aikin kanta Tajikistan. Rogun (2016 - '40 an riga an gina tare da karya) ya kasance abin ƙayyadẽ ra'ayin wani matalauci kasa, zuba a cikin shi duka su albarkatun.