Ruhu Mai Albarka Basil. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da kuma kyakkyawan gani na Rasha babban birnin kasar ne St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (hoton da ke ƙasa), kuma aka sani da Church na Ceto na Our Lady, gina a cikin XVI karni a kan umarni na Tsar Ivan IV da Munin. Kusan kowace mutum a kasar sani cewa shi ne located a kan Red Square, amma ba kowa ya san labarin ta yi da Legends hade da shi. Amma har yanzu ba zai zama isa ya san kawai game da babban coci. Saint, bayan wanda ɗakin sujada da aka gina, kuma daga baya ya zama da aka sani da haikali da kanta, aka mai suna Vasiliy Blazhenny. A labarin da ya rayuwa, ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma mutuwa ne babu kasa ban sha'awa fiye da labarin da gina babban coci.

Version mãsu halittawa

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (shi aka yi wa ado da yawa hotuna na katunan gaisuwa ga yawon bude ido) da aka gina a cikin lokaci daga 1555 a 1561 don tunawa da kwato garin-sansanin soja na Kazan ta Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. Akwai da yawa versions na wanda hakikanin mahaliccin wannan abin tunawa da gine-gine. Mun la'akari kawai da uku main zažužžukan. A farko daga cikin wadannan - da Faster m Yakovlev, waɗanda suke ɗauke da sunan barkwanci na Barma. Yana da aka sani a lokacin da Pskov Masters. Zabi na biyu - Barma da sauri. Wannan biyu gine-ginen da suka halarci a gina Haikalin. Kuma da na uku - babban coci gina wasu unknown Yammacin Turai artists, mai yiwuwa ne daga Italiya.

A cikin ni'imar da latest version ne da cewa mafi yawan gine-gine na Kremlin da aka gina da baƙi daga wannan ƙasar. Musamman style, wanda ya kafa St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (photo babbar show), daidaituwa hadawa da hadisai na Rasha da kuma Turai gine. Amma ya zama dole a lura a lokaci daya da cewa wannan version yana da babu albarkacin shirin gaskiya shaida.

Akwai kuma wani labari bisa ga abin da duk gine-ginen da suka yi aiki a kan aikin Haikalin, an hana tsari na Ivan da Munin - da niyyar cewa sun taba sun iya gina wani abu irin wannan. Amma akwai wani matsala. Idan marubucin na haikali ne har yanzu Postnik Yakovlev, shi ba za a iya makantar. Kamar 'yan shekaru daga baya ya har yanzu aiki a kan halittar Kremlin a Kazan.

A tsarin da haikali

A babban coci na da duka na goma domes. Tara daga cikinsu suna located a kan babban gini, kuma daya - a kan kararrawa hasumiya. Ya kunshi takwas Ibada. Gadajen sarautarsu tsarkake kawai a cikin girmamawa ga holidays, a lokacin da hukunci fadace-fadace na Kazan ya faru. All takwas majami'u shirya a kusa da high-tara cewa yana da wani al'amudin-kamar tsarin. An gina a cikin girmamawa ga Kariya daga cikin Uwar Allah, kuma ya ƙare da kadan alfarwa Dome. Sauran domes Vasiliya Blazhennogo dubi farko duba al'ada. Bã su da albasa siffar, amma ya bambanta a da zane. All tara Ibada tsaya a kan kowa tushe da kuma ake juna vaulted ciki a mulki kuma da wani gallery, wanda a asalin siffan ya bude.

A 1558, babban coci da Kariya daga cikin Uwar Allah gina wani ɗakin sujada, wanda aka tsarkake a cikin girmamawa Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Yana da aka gina a kan tabo inda a baya akwai sauran kaya daga cikin saint. Kamar yadda da sunan da ya ba da na biyu sunan babban coci. Bayan game da shekaru 20, da kuma haikalin samu ta hipped kararrawa hasumiya.

Da farko bene - ginshiki

Dole ne in ce cewa St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (photo, ba shakka, shi ba ya nuna) ba shi da wani ginshiki. All aka gyara na coci ne a kan wannan akai, aka kira ginshiki. Yana da wani tsarin da fairly m (har zuwa 3 m) ganuwar, zuwa kashi da dama da dakuna, wanda tsawo ne fiye da 6 m.

Arewa yana da wani ginshiki, ka ce, wani musamman tsarin da XVI karni. Its vault aka tsara a matsayin akwatin ba tare da goyon bayan da ginshiƙai, duk da cewa ya yi wani babban har. Cikin ganuwar na wannan daki, akwai kunkuntar takware, kira a matsayin iska ramukan. Godiya a gare su, musamman microclimate aka halitta nan, wanda ya zauna canzawa a ko'ina cikin shekara.

Da zarar duk dakuna ginshiki sun samuwa ga parishioners. Wadannan zurfin recesses a cikin nau'i na maharibai amfani da ajiya. Kafin su rufe kofofin. Amma yanzu kawai hinges bar su. Up har 1595, shi aka sa a cikin ginshiki na baitulmali na gidan sarki, da mafi muhimmanci da dukiyar da m 'yan ƙasa.

Don samun a cikin m dakin kafin Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral a birnin Moscow, ya wajaba auku a kan fari dutse bango matakala, wanda aka sani kawai zuwa tafarkin Quan. Daga baya wannan matakin a matsayin dole ba aza kuma manta game da shi, amma a cikin 30-ies karni na karshe shi aka bazata gano.

Chapel na, shirya a cikin girmamawa Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Shi ne da cubic form coci. Ta katange makwancin gwaiwa vault da kananan haske drum, shugaba tare da wani cupola. A shafi kansa da wannan Haikali da aka yi a wannan salon kamar yadda babba coci na babban coci. Akwai stylized rubutu a bango. Ta rahoton cewa coci Vasiliya Blazhennogo aka kara a 1588, kamar sama da jana'izar saint nan da nan bayan da ya canonization da umurnin Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

A shekara ta 1929 da coci da aka rufe da bauta. Kawai a karshen karni na karshe shi ne ado karshe mayar. Memory Vasiliya Blazhennogo girmamawa 15th of watan Agusta. Wannan kwanan wata a 1997 shi ne farkon ga farfado da addini da sabis a coci. Yau, a kan hanyar da tsarki binne halin kaka na ciwon daji tare da sauran kaya, ado da lafiya sassaƙa. Wannan Moscow shrine ne mafi girmama daga cikin mambobin da baƙi na Haikalin.

A ado na coci

Dole ne in shigar da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a wani labarin haifa a cikin kalmomi duk da kyakkyawa da cewa shi ne sanannen St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Siffarsu zai dauki fiye da mako guda, kuma yiwu watanni. Mayar da hankali kawai a kan cikakken bayani game da ado na coci, ya keɓe a cikin girmamawa wannan musamman saint.

Ta mai zanen da aka kwanan rana a lokacin da 350th ranar tunawa da gina babban coci. A kudancin da kuma arewacin ganuwar wanda aka nuna Vasiliy Blazhenny. Pictures daga rayuwar da ya aukuwa wakiltar mu'ujiza na gashi kuma ceto a teku. Kasa su, a kan ƙananan bene, shi ne daɗaɗɗe Rasha ado da tawul din. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a gefe na coci rataye bolshemernaya icon zane ne da ake yi a kan karfe surface. Wannan fitacciyar aka rubuta a 1904.

A yammacin bango na gidan ibada da aka yi wa ado da wata hanya Mai Tsarki Virgin. A babba bene ya hada da mai tsarki images cewa rika sarauta gidan. Wannan shahidi Irina, Ioann Predtecha, Saint Anastasia da Fedor Stratilat.

Sail vault aiki depicting shelar bishara, crosshairs - Mai Tsarki Ceto, Yahaya Maibaftisma da Virgin, da drum aka yi wa ado da adadin da Jikoki, da kuma Dome - Kristi Pantocrator.

Amma ga iconostasis, shi da aka za'ayi bisa ga aikin da ya shahara m AM Pavlinova a 1895, kuma ya jagoranci rubuce-rubuce na shahararrun Moscow icon restorer da kuma zane-zane Osip Chirikov. Ya kwarai sanya hannu ne kiyaye a kan daya daga cikin gumaka. Bugu da ƙari, iconostasis har yanzu yana da wani na da image. A farko - icon na "Our Lady of Smolensk", yana nufin XVI karni, da kuma na biyu - da image na St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, inda ya ne wanda aka nuna a bango na Red Square da kuma Kremlin. Last kwanakin daga XVIII karni.

belfry

A tsakiyar karni XVII baya gina belfry kasance a cikin wani mummunan jihar. Saboda haka, yana yanke shawarar canza kararrawa hasumiya a cikin 80s na wannan karni. Af, shi har yanzu tsaye a yau. Dalili na kararrawa hasumiya ne tsayi da kuma m mudu uku. Yana da aka gina a kan saman mafi m, kuma m octagon, sanya a cikin nau'i na wani bude yanki, wanda aka kewaye da takwas da ginshiƙai, da suka, bi da bi, suna da alaka zuwa saman baka Al'arshinSa.

A kararrawa hasumiya da aka surmounted da wani octagonal alfarwa quite high tare da gefuna ado tare da canza launin tiles tare da blue, da fari, ruwan kasa da kuma rawaya glaze. Its rufe fuskõkinsu curly kore tiles da kananan windows, wanda zai iya ƙwarai bunkasa su sauti lokacin kararrawa tolls. A sosai saman tanti ne a kananan albasa Dome da gilded giciye. Tu filaye, kazalika a cikin arched ƙofar sun rataye karrarawa, wanda aka jefa baya a XVII-XIX ƙarni shahara Rasha artists.

gidan kayan gargajiya

St. Basil ta Cathedral an gane da Soviet hukumomi a tarihi abin tunawa daga gine a shekarar 1918, ba kawai na kasa amma kuma na kasa da kasa da kuma muhimmancin da aka dauka a karkashin jihar kariya. A sa'an nan sai ya fara duba wani gidan kayan gargajiya. Da farko Sufeto Yahaya Kuznetsov (Fr). Ba dole ne a ce Haikali ya biyo bayan juyin juya hali, ba tare da ƙari, a mai bakin ciki: da aka buga daga kusan duk windows, rufin a wurare da yawa cike da ramuka, kuma a cikin hunturu dama ciki gabatarwa sun snowdrifts.

Bayan shekaru biyar a kan tushen da babban coci da aka yanke shawarar kirkiro tarihi da kuma gine-gine. Its farko shugaban ya E. I. Silin - bincike na Moscow Historical Museum. Tuni a ranar 21 ga Mayu ziyarci haikalin farko baƙi. Tun wannan lokacin, aikin ya fara gudanar da zaban ma'aikata.

The gidan kayan gargajiya da ake kira "Pokrovsky Cathedral" a 1928 juya a cikin wani reshe na Historical Museum. A shekara daga baya, haikali ne a hukumance a rufe ga bauta, kuma suka kwashe dukan karrarawa. A cikin 30s na karshe karni jita-jita, da cewa shi ya shirya ya rushe. Amma har yanzu ya kasance m isa ya kauce wa irin wannan ƙaddara. Duk da cewa akwai kusan karni gudanar da sabuntawa aiki, da haikali ne ko da yaushe bude to Muscovites. Domin duk lokacin da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka rufe sau ɗaya kawai, idan akwai mai girma Patriotic War.

Bayan yaki, ya aka dauka nan da nan duk matakan mayar da babban coci, don haka a kan rana ta bikin na 800th tunawa da Museum of babban birnin sanã'anta sake. Ya aikata da fadi da shahararsa a cikin sau na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya kamata a lura da cewa gidan kayan gargajiya da aka sosai da aka sani ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet amma kuma a sauran kasashe. Tun daga shekarar 1991, coci ne a yi amfani da matsayin Orthodox Church, da kuma Jihar Historical Museum. Bayan dogon hutu a nan karshe koma bauta.

St. yara

Future Moscow mu'ujiza ma'aikacin Saint Basil aka haife shi a karshen 1468. A cewar labari, shi ya faru dama a shirayin Haikalin Elokhovskiy gina a cikin girmamawa ga Vladimir Icon na Albarka Virgin Mary. Uwãyensa sun kasance m mutane. Lokacin da ya girma, ya aka aika zuwa koyi shoemaking. A tsawon lokaci, ya shawarta fara lura cewa Basil ne ba na son dukan sauran yara.

Wani misali na da musamman siffofin iya zama a matsayin harka: da zarar wani m ya kawo hatsi don Moscow da kuma ganin shop, ya tafi zuwa ga oda da biyu daga takalma. A lokaci guda, ya nema da cewa takalma ba zai iya ba dawwama, kuma domin shekara. Ji wadannan kalmomi, Albarka Basil kuka, ya kuma yi alkawarin cewa m ba shi da lokacin da za a ko da sa saukar a sheqa wadannan takalma. Lokacin da ban gane ba da master tambayi yaron me ya tsammani da yaro ya gaya wa malami da cewa abokin ciniki ba zai iya sa a kan takalma da zarar ya mutu. Wannan annabcin da aka cika a kawai 'yan kwanaki.

The amincewa da halattar

Lokacin da Vasily ya 16, ya koma Moscow. A nan ne ya fara da ƙayayuwa hanya kamar wawa. Kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido, Albarka Basil tafiya tituna m, kuma tsirara babban birnin kasar duk shekara zagaye, ko da kuwa ko akwai m m sanyi ko zafi tsananin zafi.

Kasashen la'akari ba kawai ta bayyanar, amma kuma ayyukansu. Alal misali, wucewa a gaban kasuwar stalls, shi zai iya zubar da wani jirgin ruwa cike da kvas, ko buga a kan counter da kalatches. A lokacin da Vasiliy Blazhenny shi sau da yawa a bit disgruntled yan kasuwa. Kamar yadda m kamar yadda sauti, shi ne ko da yaushe farin ciki ya dauki wani duka har ma ya gode Allah a gare su. Amma daga baya ya juya waje, ya zub da kvass ya m, kuma m-gasa da wuri. A tsawon lokaci, yana gane ba kawai denouncer da ƙarya, amma mutumin Allah, da tsarkakakkun wawa.

Ga wani hali na saint ta rayuwa. Da zarar wani m ya yanke shawarar gina wani dutse coci a Moscow, a kan Pokrovka. Amma ko ta yaya shi buga ta uku arches. Ya zo domin ya St. Basil ya nemi shawara a kan wannan al'amari. Amma ya aiko shi zuwa ga Kiev, to shaƙiyyi Yahaya. Bayan isowa zuwa ga birnin m samu 'yancin mutum a cikin matalauta bukka. John zauna da rocked cikin shimfiɗar jariri,, wanda ya komai. The m ya tambaye shi wanda ya har yanzu tana. Wannan matalauta ya amsa da cewa ya lulls uwarsa domin ya haihuwa da kuma tarbiyyar. Kawai sai ya yi da m tunani na tsohuwarsa, wanda da zarar harba daga cikin gidan. Ya nan da nan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba zai iya gina coci. Komowa zuwa Moscow, da m samu mahaifiyarsa, ya tambaye ta da gãfara da ya dauki gida. Bayan haka, ya saukin gudanar ya gina coci.

Ayyukan Manzanni mu'ujiza ma'aikacin

Albarka ta tabbata Basil ko da yaushe wa'azi da tausayi ga wasu da kuma taimaka wa waɗanda suka ji kunya don ya roƙi sadaka, yayin da a bukatar taimako fiye da sauran mutane. A wannan lokaci, akwai wani bayanin na daya harka a abin da ya ba da dukan abin da aka bai wa shi daga sarki ziyartar 'yan kasuwa, baƙo wanda kwatsam suka rasa kome. Merchant ga dama, kwanaki bai ci wani abu, amma ba zan iya neman taimako, gama ya saka tsada tufafi.

Vasiliy Blazhenny ko da yaushe tsananin wadai da waɗanda suka yi kyauta da sadaka akan m da muradi da ba daga jin kai ga talauci da kuma zullumi. Domin kare kanka da makwabta, ya ko da ya tafi zuwa ga masauki, inda sanyi, kuma kokarin karfafa mafi sauko mutane, ganin su a matsayin hatsi na alheri. Wannan whacky haka tsarkake ransa da salla, kuma manyan ayyuka da cewa ya buɗe kyautar tanadi. A 1547 Albarka ta tabbata iya hango ko hasashen da babbar wuta da ya faru a birnin Moscow, da addu'o'insa, ya sa fitar da harshen wuta a Novgorod. Kamar yadda ya Sahaban da'awar cewa da zarar ta kanã abin zargi kansa Basil Tsar Ivan IV da Munin, kamar yadda yake a lokacin da bauta da tunani game da gina a kan Vorobyovy Gory gidansa.

Ya mutu mai tsarki Agusta 2, 1557. Sai Moscow Lardi Macarius tare da limaman sanya jana'izar Basil. Aka binne shi a cikin Triniti Church, wanda a 1555 ya fara gina Ceto Church a ƙwaƙwalwar na ci na Kazan Khanate. 31 Bayan shekaru, a kan 2 Agusta, saint aka canonized Council, karkashin jagorancin da sarki Ayuba.

Sahaban aka bayyana shi a game da wannan, kuma ko da yaushe aka ambata uku ƙayyadaddu: ya kasance mai bakin ciki, sanye da wata ƙaramar na tufafi, da kuma a hannun ya kullum a ma'aikatan. Yana kamar haka bayyana mana Vasiliy Blazhenny. Photo gumaka da hotuna da siffarta aka gabatar a wannan labarin.

A veneration da wannan tsarki mu'ujiza ma'aikacin na mutane ya haka mai girma cewa St. Basil ta Cathedral fara dignify sunansa. Af, ya sarƙoƙi ne har yanzu a kan kiyayye tauhidin Academy of Moscow. Duk wanda yake so ya ji dadin kyau tunawa da na da gine-gine, za a iya samun shi a wadannan adireshi: Moscow, Red Square, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo.