The kama da sansanin soja Ochakov. Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1787-1791 shekaru

Tarihi na Rasha - shi ne mafi yawa soja tarihi. Rasha da kuma Turkey, da adawa dauki wuri fiye da dozin yaƙe-yaƙe. Mafi yawan su har yanzu wanzu a Rasha daular fito da nasara. Lalle jaruntakar page na soja da na mu Mahaifa, mahaifiyata ya zama wani yaƙi na sansanin soja Ochakov. The yaki tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey 1787-1791 shekaru ƙarfafa matsayin Rasha Black Sea da kuma Crimean sashin. A fall na sansanin soja yana da matukar muhimmanci ga lashe duka yaki.

A Sanadin na Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1787-1791.

Turkey ya nemi ya dauki fansa a kan Rasha da farko Turkish yaki da kuma a sake samu batattu ƙasa na Ottoman Empire. A farkon yakin ne saboda ta so su hana girma da tasiri na Rasha Empire a cikin ta Kudu Caucasus, da kuma komawa ƙasar ga Crimea. Dogaro a kan huldar diplomasiyya tare da kasar Austria, Rasha shirya ya kara dukiya a cikin Caucasus, kuma suka tsayar da kansu a Arewa Black Sea. A watan Agusta, 1787, da Turkish gwamnati ta sa a gaba wani ultimatum zuwa Rasha, m da canja wurin da Crimea, da amincewa da wani talakansa na Turkish sultan mallaki Jojiya da kuma ba da damar dubawa na Rasha m jiragen ruwa wucewa ta cikin Straits. Bugu da kari, da nufin ya kuma karfafa Black Sea da kuma Crimean Khanate. Rasha Empire ki cika tare da sharuddan da ultimatum, da kuma Turkey ayyana yaki.

Fashewa tashin, Turkey ya keta yanayi na Küçük Kaynarca alkwari. Kama da Turks samu Rasha Jakadan Yakov Bulgakov, wanda suka Semibashenny kurkuku a cikin castle.

Soja ayyuka da ya faru a cikin Crimea da kuma Arewa Caucasus. The kama da sansanin soja Ochakov wani key yaƙi, a yaki da Rasha Empire da kuma Turkey 1787-1792 ta.

A soja balance

Turkey yi yaƙi da Ekaterinoslavskaya kuma Ukrainian sojojin Rasha Empire, wanda da lambar 80 th. Kuma 40 th. Mutane bi da bi. Turkish sansanin soja Ochakov bazara 1788 Yana da aka kare ta a sansanin, lambobi tsakanin 15 da 20 da dubu. Sojoji. A sansanin soja da aka kewaye da babbar katanga da wani moat da kuma kare ta 350 bindigogi. A tashar jiragen ruwa Ochakov isa da kuma Rasha Black Sea jiragen ruwa a cikin ra'ayi na gaskiya cewa akwai game da 100 fama raka'a na Turkish jiragen ruwa.

A kan karkata Ochakov

The kama da sansanin soja Ochakov ya babban burin da Rasha na sarki sojojin bayan da kwato daga Turkish rundunar Dnieper-Bug estuary da nasara a kan da Kinburn tofa. Kagara Ochakov ya a cikin iyakoki na yankin na Turkish Black Sea, kusa da mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Bug River. Fada for Ochakov fara teku.

Game da dubu 50. Sojoji Ekaterinoslav sojojin fara fuskanta zuwa ga Ochakov a watan Mayu 1788. Wannan sojoji, a karkashin umurnin G. A. Potemkina zo zuwa Ochakov. Kwamandan yanke shawarar dogon kewaye.

A kewaye da sansanin soja Turkish

27 Yuli, 1788 a manyan detachment na Turks gudanar da wani sortie daga sansanin soja. Mahadi na Rasha sojojin karkashin umurnin A. V. Suvorova shiga tare da abokan gaba, a wani m yaki. A ceto tawagar Turkish reinforcements zo. A kan lissafi na A. V. Suvorova, a wannan lokaci ya kamata sun bude daga flank su kai farmaki, kuma haka ya dauki kagara. Duk da haka, GA Potemkin nuna babu hukunci mataki, saboda haka wani zarafi lokacin kama da Turkiyya sansanin soja Ochakov aka rasa.

Kasa da wata daya daga bisani, a watan Agusta, da Turks sanya wani sortie sake ƙoƙari hallaka Rasha baturi, wanda za'ayi da umurnin MI Kutuzov Golenitsev. By short dashes da mafaka a ravines da ramuka, da Turks kai bindigogi, saboda abin da ya fara a tauri yaki. A sakamakon counter Rangers gudanar ya sauke da Baturke janissaries mayar da ganuwar da sansanin soja. Suna so ne a kan nasu kafadu shiga cikin Ochakov. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci sai aka ji rauni mai tsanani M. I. Kutuzov. A harsashi buga hagu kunci da kuma fitar ta hanyar da kai a lokacin da aka gudanar kwamandan farin zanen aljihu domin samar da da sharadi siginar sojojin. Daga abin da ya kusan ya mutu shi ne karo na biyu munanan raunuka Mihaila Illarionovicha.

Summer 1788 bai kawo Rasha sojojin wins, generals da rundunõninsu, sun kasance a cikin juyayi jira, wanda kuma bai ba da wani kyakkyawan sakamako ba. A halin yanzu, Faransa injiniyoyi sun riga an sayi ta gari USAID tsare-tsaren. Prince Potemkin har yanzu bai yi kuskure ya Storm kagara. Yana tsaya da Baturke manyan bindigogi, wanda aka located a kan wani karamin tsibirin Berezan kudu na Ochakov, kusa da ƙofar estuary. Da yiwuwar wani nasara hari kasance kusa ga tẽku, amma manyan bindigogi wuta kai Kinburn kuma suka ƙaryata game da damar da za a fara da hari Ochakov. Rasha matuƙan sun sha kokarin kai "wannan sosai impregnable sansanin soja", amma da sansanin soja masu gadi kallo vigilantly kan ayyuka na Rasha da kuma sauri baiyyana, abokan adawar sa up m juriya fire makamai.

doguwar abun cece kuce

Kaka yana zuwa, Prince Potemkin ci gaba da bi ga dabara na jiran, sojojin ya dade a cikin ramuka a cikin ruwan sama da sanyi. Babbar asarar kwashe Rasha sojojin, ba wai kawai saboda fadace-fadace, amma kuma saboda karancin abinci, cututtuka, wanda fara saboda sanyi, da kuma yunwa. Rumyantsev sarcastically kira da wurin zama a karkashin Ochakov wawa. Admiral Nass-Siegen bazara da shawarar cewa sansanin soja zai iya lashe dawo a watan Afrilu.

Daga lokacin rani zuwa kaka 1788 ganuwar kusa da m kokarin kare Ochakov harin da Rasha sojojin karkashin umurnin G. A. Potemkina. Garrison da aka mai tsanani tsautsayi, amma da matsayi ba su mika.

Potemkin G. A. bai nemi shiga wata yarjejeniya tare da Cossacks, tunawa da 'yan tawayen Pugachev, amma yana da wani zabi. "Muminina Cossacks", tsohon Cossacks sun shahara ga da ikon yanke hukunci sakamakon wani yaƙi a cikin ni'ima. Ochakovskaya sansanin soja da za a iya dauka kawai tare da su sa hannu. Amma da Cossacks dogon don fara aiki. Wasu daga cikinsu, suka tafi cikin Gadzhibey (Odessa), lalata kayan aiki da abinci da kayayyaki, da akayi nufi don Ochakova. Prince Potemkin GA yanke shawarar cewa yanzu m da kare dade ba. Duk da haka, sojojin ba su daina, kuma a cikin watan gobe. A wuya, kuma siga halin da ake ciki a karshe spodvigla kwamandan je aiki hari.

Storming sansanin soja Ochakovo

A cikin watanni shida, sojojin Rasha kokarin unsuccessfully ya dauki Turkish sansanin soja, bayan wanda aka yanke shawarar bi shirin A. V. Suvorova kuma dauki Ochakov da hadari. A sanyi weather da frosts sun shafi Turkish rundunar jiragen karkashin kula na Ochakov a cikin teku. Ganin wuri na Rasha sojojin, G. A. Potemkinym aka yanke shawarar fara kama da sansanin soja Ochakov. kwanan Yaƙin ya faru a 6 ga watan Disamba, 1788.

Sharuddan labeled karfi da kuma m frosts ba ya hana shida ginshiƙai na Rasha sojojin a lokaci guda a fara da hari Ochakov a garesu - Yammacin kuma Eastern. Earthworks tsakanin castle Hassan Pasha da kuma Ochakov aka kãma farko da Manjo Janar Pahlen. Bayan haka, sai ya aika da Kanar F. Meknoba ga castle Hassan Pasha, kuma tare da wuriyar - Kanar Platov. Sojojin nasarar shagaltar da wuriyar, kyale F. Meknobu shigar da castle, kuma kusan ɗari uku sauran cikinta Turks mãsu sallamãwa. Jamhuriyar earthworks da aka kai hari da uku al'amudi, ta kwamandan - Manjo-Janar Volkonsky - kashe, sa'an nan na ɗauki kan umurnin Kanar Yurgenets da kai ganuwar da sansanin soja. Laftanar Janar Prince Dolgorukov na huɗu shafi dauki Turkish kufaifan kuma ya tafi zuwa ga ƙofofin kagarar. Ta hanyar earthworks na biyar da na shida ginshikan kusata da gagarumin Ochakov. Shida shafi Laftanar Kanar Zubin tafi zuwa ga gefen sansanin soja, yana jan a kan kankara gun. Wannan yarda sojoji zuwa kusanci da ƙofofi, da gagarumin na Turkiyya sansanin soja. Karkashin Cover of nauyi wuta daga manyan bindigogi Grenadiers haye impregnable bango da kuma shiga sansanin soja.

Soja Rasha da kuma Turkey asara

A cewar daban-daban kafofin, domin daya ko biyu hours of ci gaba na jini, m yaƙi. Ochakiv aka dauka. A cewar wasu kimomi, da asarar da na Rasha sojojin sun kasance game da 5 dubu. Man. Masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa an dogon kewaye Ochakov ya yi sanadin mutuwar wani babban yawan sojojin na Rasha sojojin. Turkish flags 180 da kuma 310 aiwatar da karfe kofuna da dama. A Rasha talala sun kasance game da 4 da dubu. Turkish sojoji. Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa da sauran Turkish sojojin da wani gagarumin ɓangare na birane yawan kashe a lokacin farmakin. A labarai na kai hari Ochakov juya a tura zuwa Sultan Abdul Hamid I, a sakamakon, ya mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya.

A fall na Ochakov: darajar

The kama da sansanin soja Ochakov Rasha bude yiwuwar shigar da Danube, kuma ya taimaka kafa iko a kan Dnieper estuary, wani m bay, wanda ya dabarun muhimmancin. Ochakov aka annexed da Rasha Empire a 1791, lokacin da takaddama jam'iyyun hannu da yarjejeniyar da Jassy. Wadannan soja nasarori ya Rasha da hakkin ya kafa da kansu da kuma dauka da matsayi a kan Dnieper estuary. Tsaro na Kherson da Crimea daga Turkey karshe an kulla.

Awards kuma karrama ga nasara

Domin nasara a kan Ochakov Empress Catherine II ni'imta G. A. Potemkinu Field Marshal umartarku da baton ado da laurels da lu'ulu'u. A. V. Suvorovu aka bai da wani lu'u-lu'u alkalami don huluna kudin 4450 rubles. MI Kutuzov, kuma bambanta kansa a cikin fadace-fadace na Rasha-Turkish War, ya aka bayar da Order of St. Anne na digiri da St. Vladimir II digiri. Rasha sojoji suka nuna fice damar iya yin komai a cikin fadace-fadace na Ochakov, da Empress ni'imtar da ita a cikin Order of St. Vladimir kuma St. George na hudu mataki. Wasu aka bayar da zinariya da alãmarsu, suka tsara za a sawa a kan wani kintinkiri a lapel sofane baki da kuma rawaya. ÃyõyinSa da giciye siffar da taso iyakar, shi ne wani abu tsakanin Premium lambar yabo da umarni. Ƙananan darajõji daga cikin nasara a kan Turkish sansanin soja samu lambar azurfa "Ga ƙarfin hali".

Muhimmanci wins a 1788

The kama da sansanin soja Ochakov shi ba ne kawai nasara yaƙi da Rasha sojojin a cikin yaki tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey 1787-1791 ta. A shekarar da ta shige, shi gudanar da yakin Kinburn. Fadace-fadace a 1788 da kuma aka lashe tare da Khotyn da Fidonisi. A lokacin rani da kaka na 1789 da Rasha sojojin lashe a Focsani da Rymnik, a 1790 - a cikin Kerch mashigar. A gagarumin taron a tarihin Rasha-Turkish yaki shi ne hari na wani sansanin soja - Isma'ila - kuma a 1790. A karshe yaƙi, a soja adawa tsakanin biyu mai girma dauloli fara yaƙi da Kaliakria Yuli 31, 1791.

Sa hannu na Austria a cikin fadace-fadace na 1787-1791 shekaru

A lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaki a 1788 fara Austro-Turkish War, wanda shi ne saboda contractual wajibai na Austria da kuma Rasha a 1781. Tare da shigarwa cikin yaki Austria ya gaza, da kuma kawai a kan na farko nasarar da Rasha na mallaka Army Austria sojojin sun iya dauka da fall na 1789 Bucharest, Belgrade kuma Craiova. A Sistovo (Bulgaria), a watan Agusta 1791 Austria da kuma Turkey hannu a raba yarjejeniya. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar Prussia da kuma Ingila, da suke da sha'awar a weakening na Rasha Empire, Austria janye daga yaki da ya koma Turkey, kusan duk na shagaltar da yankuna.

A sakamakon yakin

Turkey sake sha wahala a faduwa a yakin da shekaru 1787-1791. Ba ta da karfi masõya, wanda ya kasance iya samar da adawa tsakanin Rasha da kuma Austria. Bugu da kari, Turkey ya kasa cikakken mayar soja da karfi da kuma fada iya aiki bayan na farko Turkish yaki. A fadace-fadace da Turks bai bi zuwa wasu dabarun da kokarin murkushe makiya ƙarfi, ba wani m dabara na yaƙi. A guda nasara a cikin teku, ko a kan ƙasa zai iya ba lashe yaki da shekaru. Turkey ya ba kawai rasa ƙasa, amma ya biya Rasha an indemnity a cikin adadin miliyan 7 rubles.

zurriyar ƙwaƙwalwar na nasara yaƙi

Rasha mawãƙi G. R. Derzhavin a kan lokaci na da nasara kama daga Ochakov rubuta wani Ode. A shekara bayan yakin AI Buhari ya sadaukar da aiki da Empress Catherine II "... A kama Ochakov".

A watan Yuli 1972, a wani tsohon Turkish masallaci a Ochakov aka bude Soja Tarihi Museum. A. V. Suvorova. The main janye daga gidan kayan gargajiya ya diorama "Storming da sansanin soja Ochakov sojojin Rasha a 1788", wanda aka rubuta da artist M. I. Samsonovym a 1971.