Watsin a matsayin manyan halayyar da wutar lantarki yanzu conductors

Movement of lantarki halin yanzu a cikin conductors ne babu makawa tare da mataki na wasu jiki sojojin da impede da wannan yunkuri. Daga cikin ra'ayi na atomic da kwayoyin tsarin da abu ka'idar baya da wannan sabon abu ne cewa cajin electrons a lokacin da motsi yi karo da kwayoyin halitta daga abin da kunshi da shugaba abu.

Kamar yadda sakamakon yawa karatu, yawan irin collisions na electrons ne kai tsaye related to da yiwuwar wani musamman kayan su ratsa kanta da wutar lantarki yanzu tare da kadan asarar. Haka kuma, da juriya, wanda yana da wani shugaba abu wucewa therethrough da lantarki samu a cikin sunan "Physics lantarki juriya da shugaba."

Tsayayya da shi ne a kai tsaye gwargwado ga ƙarfin lantarki da kuma inversely na gwargwado zuwa yanzu. A daidai da na kasa da kasa da tsarin raka'a ji shi ne denoted da wasika R kuma auna a ohms.

A lokaci guda, sau da yawa tare da halittar daban-daban kayan zama ƙara muhimmanci ba yadda rayayye ya sãɓa shugaba nassi therethrough na da lantarki, amma yadda shi zai iya gudanar da wannan halin yanzu. A lokaci kishiya lantarki juriya ne watsin.

Specific lantarki watsin amfani da kimiyyar lissafi, characterizes overall damar wani jiki ne shugaba na lantarki. A gwada yawa sharuddan, da takamaiman watsin ne na juna na resistivity. An denoted da γ, kuma Ya ƙaddara dabi'u daidai m / ohm mm × ^ 2 ko Siemens / mita).

A daidai da doka ta asali na lantarki - Ohm ta dokar - tamanin da watsin nuna dangantaka tsakanin halin yanzu yawa wanda ya auku a wani musamman shugaba, da kuma na lamba tamanin da lantarki filin da ya bayyana a cikin wani da aka ba yanayi. Duk da haka, wannan arziki ne kawai da inganci ga wani yi kama matsakaici, a wani nonuniform Layer na wannan watsin bã kõme ba ne kamar yadda tensor.

Metal mafi watsin halayyar na azurfa, da tagulla. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda da peculiarities na tsarin da crystal raga, wadda ba da damar gwada da sauki matsawa caje barbashi (electrons da ions).

Babu shakka, da m karafa nuna mafi girma watsin fiye da gami, don haka lantarki masana'antu da neman amfani da matsakaicin m jan karfe tare da impurities da ba fiye da 0.05%. Ba zato ba tsammani, da watsin da tagulla ne 58,5 Simmons / mm ^ 2, da ya fi yadda yawancin sauran karafa.

Bugu da kari zuwa karfe conductors, a masana'antu da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum yadu amfani da conductors na nonmetals, ya fi na kowa abin da yake carbon. Daga shi, musamman, musamman goge an sanya wutar lantarki da inji, da wayoyin amfani da projectors, et al.