A m aiki da sunadarai. A sifa da aiki sunadaran

Sunadaran su ne tushen duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan abubuwa ne da bangaren da cell membranes, da wasu gabbansa, guringuntsi, tendons kuma fata squamous Kalam. Duk da haka, da m aiki sunadarai - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci.

Sunadaran: tsarin fasali

Tare da lipids, carbohydrates da kuma nucleic acid, sunadarai ne Organic abubuwa wanda samar da tushen halittu masu rai. Su ne dukkan - halitta biopolymers. Wadannan kayan an hada da maimaita tsarin raka'a. Su kira monomers. Domin sunadarai irin wannan tsarin raka'a ne amino acid. Ɗaure ciki daidai, sai suka samar da wani babban macromolecule.

Matsayin sarari kungiyar na gina jiki

Sarkar, kunsha na ashirin da amino acid na iya samar da daban-daban Tsarin. Wadannan su ne matakan da na sarari kungiyar ko conformation na gina jiki. A farko tsarin da aka wakilta sarkar amino acid. Kuma idan aka juya zuwa cikin wani karkace, akwai sakandare. A manyan tsarin auku a wani karkatarwa baya conformations a wani ball ko globule. Amma wadannan tsarin da mafi wuya - da quaternary. Ya kunshi dama globules.

Properties na sunadaran

Idan quaternary tsarin fadi to na farko, wato ya sarƙoƙi na amino acid, sa'an nan akwai wani tsari da ake kira denaturation. Shi ne reversible. A sarkar amino acid na iya sake samar da wata karin hadaddun tsarin. Amma lokacin da akwai halaka, watau, halakar da primary tsarin sifar sunadaran don mayar da shi ne ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan tsari ne babu ja. Halakar za'ayi, kowane daga cikin mu, lokacin da thermally sarrafa kayayyakin kunshi gina jiki - qwai, kifi, nama.

The ayyuka na sunadaran ba: tebur

Sunadarai na gina jiki ne sosai mnogobrazny. Wannan sa mai fadi da kewayon yiwuwa, wanda sun tabbata ga amino acid tsarin. The ayyuka na sunadaran (tebur ƙunshi dacewa bayanai) ne a zama dole yanayin ga wanzuwar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

A m aiki na da sunadarai a wani kwayoyin

Kamar yadda ka gani, da ayyuka na sunadaran ne sosai bambancin da muhimmanci a muhimmanci. Amma mun ambata ba tukuna game da daya daga cikin su. A m aiki na sunadarai a cikin jiki ne su hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga kasashen waje abubuwa, wanda zai iya haifar da gagarumin cutar da jiki. Idan wannan ya faru, musamman sunadarai iya neutralize su. Wadannan kare ake kira antibodies ko immunoglobulins.

A tsari na kafa kariyar

Tare da kowane numfashin a jikin mu shiga jikin kwayoyin cutar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna saki a cikin jini, inda suka fara zuwa rayayye radiyo. Duk da haka, a kan hanyarsu tsaye da wani gagarumin cikas. Wannan gina jiki jini - immunoglobulins ko antibodies. Su ne na musamman da ake halin da ikon gane da kuma neutralize kasashen waje abubuwa da jiki da kuma tsarin. Su kira antigens. Saboda haka bayyana da m aiki na da sunadarai. Misalai daga gare za a iya kara bayanai game da interferon. Wannan gina jiki ne ma mai kwazo da kuma gano ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan abu ne ko da tushen da yawa na immunostimulatory kwayoyi.

Saboda gaban m gina jiki jiki iya yin tsayayya da pathogenic gaɓũɓuwa, Ina nufin ya kafa tsarin na rigakafi. Yana iya zama nakasar ko samu. A farko duk kwayoyin baiwa da tun lokacin da haihuwa, kuma ta haka ne rayuwa mai yiwuwa ne. A sayi bayyana bayan jurewa daban-daban cututtuka.

inji kariya

Sunadaran bauta wa wani m aiki, hana Kwayoyin kai tsaye da kuma kwayoyin da inji tasirin. Alal misali, exoskeleton na crustaceans harsashi taka wata rawa, dogara kare duk abinda ke ciki. Kashi, guringuntsi, tsoka da kuma samar da tushen na jiki, da kuma ba kawai hana lalacewar da taushi tsokoki da kuma gabobin, amma kuma tabbatar da motsi a cikin sarari.

jini clots

A clotting tsari - shi ne kuma m aiki na da sunadarai. Yana yiwuwa saboda gaban na musamman Kwayoyin - platelets. Idan lalace jini su hallaka. A sakamakon haka, jini narkewa gina jiki fibrinogen yana tuba zuwa ta insoluble fom - fibrin. Wannan shi ne wani hadadden enzymatic tsari, a cikin abin da fibrin filaments sau da yawa intertwine kuma samar da wata mai yawa cibiyar sadarwa da ta hana yayyo na jini. A wasu kalmomin, da kafa jini gudan jini ko thrombus. Wannan shi ne m martani na jiki. Lokacin da al'ada rai na aiwatar yana a kalla minti goma. Amma incoagulability jini cuta - hemophilia, wanda rinjayar da mafi yawa maza, da wani mutum ya mutu, ko da kadan rauni.

Duk da haka, idan jini clots aka kafa a ciki da jini jirgin ruwa, zai iya zama mai hadarin gaske. A wasu lokuta, shi ma take kaiwa zuwa wani take hakkin da amincinsa da kuma ciki zub da jini. A wannan yanayin, da shawarar da kwayoyi, a akasin haka, jini thinning.

Chemical kariya

A m aiki na sunadaran bayyanannu a cikin yaki da pathogenic sinadaran jamiái. Kuma shi yana farawa a cikin bakinka. Da zarar da shi, da abinci reflex sa salivation. Dalili na wannan abu ne ruwa, enzymes cewa manne polysaccharides da lysozyme. Shi ne karshen abu neutralize cutarwa kwayoyin, kare jiki daga su kara daukan hotuna. Dauke da shi, da kuma mucous membranes na gastrointestinal fili, da kuma a cikin hawaye ruwa, wanda bathes da cornea. A da yawa daga lysozyme shi ne a cikin ƙirjinka madara, gamsai, hanci da kuma gina jiki na kaza qwai.

Saboda haka, m aiki na gina jiki da aka bayyana da farko a neutralizing kwayan da kwayar barbashi a cikin jini na wani kwayoyin. A sakamakon haka, ya kafa da ikon yin tsayayya da cuta-haddasa jamiái. Kuma shi ne ake kira rigakafi. Sunadaran da suke mambobi ne na waje da kuma na ciki kwarangwal, kare ciki abinda ke ciki daga inji lalacewa. A proteinaceous abubuwa ba a cikin yau da kuma sauran wurare, hana mataki na sinadaran jamiái a jiki. A wasu kalmomin, da m aiki na gina jiki shi ne don samar da zama dole yanayi na duk m tafiyar matakai.