Andrei Platonov, "The Ramin": An Analysis. "Rami" Platonov: matsaloli na samfurin

A wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da samfurin, wanda halitta Andrei Platonov, zai rike ta analysis. "Rami" Platonov da aka ɗauki cikinsa ta marubucin a cikin shekara ta 1929, kaka, lokacin da ya bayyana a cikin bugu Stalin ta labarin, mai jigo "Year of Great Change," a cikin abin da ya yi jayayya da bukatar collectivization, sa'an nan ya sanar a watan Disamba da kaddamar da "m kan kulaks" da kuma kawar da shi a matsayin aji. A unison, ya ce daya daga cikin jaruman wannan aiki da ka bukatar ka jefa kowane "a cikin brine na gurguzanci." Yi cikinsa na jini yakin neman ya yi nasara. Stalin sanya ayyuka da aka kammala.

Su ideas gane kuma marubuci, ya tabbatar da cewa analysis. "Rami" Platonov aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin reinterpretation na tarihi, correctness na hanyar zaba ta hanyar kasar mu. Samun zurfin aiki da zamantakewa da kuma falsafa ciki. Marubuci kẽwaye gaskiya jagoranci ta analysis.

"Rami" Platonov ta farko da labarin, don bayyana halittar aiki.

Tarihi na halitta

Story, remarkably, aka rubuta a lokaci na aiki aiki na Stalin - daga shekara ta 1929 zuwa Afrilu 1930. A waɗannan kwanaki, Andrey Platonovich Platonov yi aiki a sashen Land reclamation a cikin sana'a, da jama'ar kasar Commissariat Aikin Gona, dake a cikin Voronezh yankin. Saboda haka ya kasance, idan ba a kai tsaye takara, sa'an nan a kalla halarta da tsiyacewa na kulaks da collectivization. Kamar yadda wani artist, zanen halitta, Andrey Platonovich Platonov fentin da rabo daga cikin mutane da kuma abubuwan da sun faru tun auku a cikin wani nama grinder depersonalization kuma leveling.

Jigogi na ayyukan Andreya Platonovicha a general ideas na gina kwaminisanci ba shige, da wata shakka ba, kuma tunanin gwarzo na labarin da aka hõre da hukumomi sharply soki cewa kama 'yan jarida. Ta gudanar da ita kansa, ba flattering to marubucin analysis.

"Rami" Platonov aka farko da aka buga kawai a shekarar 1987, a karkashin Gorbachev, a cikin "Duniya" mujallar. A wannan lokacin, Tarayyar Soviet sāke gina sake.

Irin wannan ne labarin a takaice dai, wanda aka rubuta ta Plato ( "rami"), labarin halitta.

gabatar siffofin

Ta yawo da Bolsheviks marubucin Sahaban - marubuta Kataev, Leonov, Sholokhov - a cikin ayyukansu na ɗaukaka da nasarorin da gurguzanci da collectivization na portraying tabbatacce gefe. Poetics Platonov, da bambanci, wani kaffa bayanin hotuna na sadaukarwa aiki da kuma yi ya dan hanya. Marubucin bai roko ga m hari da kuma burin jama'ar. Ina sha'awar shi sama da dukan wani mutum, kuma rawar da ya taka a tarihi. Saboda haka, samfurin na "rami", kazalika da sauran halittun da wannan marubucin, shi ne peculiar m, unhurried ci gaba. Mutane da yawa a cikin labari na m generalizations, kamar yadda marubucin ya mayar da hankali a kan tunani da motsin zuciyarmu daga cikin haruffa. Kawai taimaka da gwarzo a fahimci waje dalilai a kanta, kuma a lokaci guda kuma a cikin m events cewa ya gaya mana Platonov.

"Rami": da abun ciki a takaice dai

Hankula mãkirci na labarin ga ayyukan da cewa lokaci kishin collectivization da nemnogoslozhen. Shi ne cannibalization da al'amuran da kisan gillar da jam'iyyar gwagwarmaya da kuma manoma, da kare dũkiyõyinsu. Amma Platonov ya iya gabatar da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru cikin sharuddan da tunani mutum, kama saninsa ba fyauce a cikin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ya gaya labarin "The Ramin".

Synopsis na surori ne, ba batun wannan labarin. Mu a takaicce bayyana babban events na aiki. A gwarzo na labarin, Voshchev bayan ya aka kora daga factory saboda thoughtfulness, samun to mahakan da suka tono a rami domin proletariat a gida. Birgediya Chiklin kaiwa marayu yarinya wanda mahaifiyarsa ya mutu. Chiklin 'yan} ungiyarsu liquidate da kulaks, fusing su a cikin wani katakon ninkaya a cikin tẽku da iyalansu. Bayan haka, su koma cikin birnin, kuma ci gaba da aikinsu. Ƙare labarin "Rami" mutuwa na yarinya, wanda ya sami karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla a bangon daga cikin rami.

Uku da muradi a Platonov ta aikin

Plato rubuta cewa rayuwarsa aka buga da abubuwa uku - soyayya, iska, da kuma dogon hanya. Duk wadannan motifs ne ba a cikin samfurin "Rami". Synopsis babi da babi, idan kun koma zuwa gare shi, ya tabbatar da mu tunani. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan sabubban aka gabatar a wani asali biyayya da marubucin. A mãkirci ne lazimta a kan hanya image. Duk da haka Voshchev, Platonov ta gwarzo, ko baƙo ne, amma ba a cikin kasa adabi hadisin saboda, da farko, ya aka tilasta ta yawo wajen yin ɗimuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ya aka kora, da kuma na biyu, da manufar - babu search na kasada, da gaskiya, da ma'anar kasancewar. Duk inda nan ko dai aika da gwarzo, kuma da sake, marubucin ya kõma zuwa ga rami. Kamar yadda idan mutum rai ne rufaffiyar da ke a cikin da'irar.

Mutane da yawa abubuwan da suka faru sa up wani labarin "Rami", amma tsakanin su ba causal dangantaka. Heroes kamar circling a kusa da rami, kuma yana fatan samun fita daga wannan rami. Daya so ya je koyi da gina gwaninta, wasu zata maimatawar horaswa, da uku so su matsa zuwa da tuƙi na'ura na jam'iyyar.

Hanyar hawa aikin aukuwa

Platonov a samfurin abun da ke ciki yana amfani da bambancin aukuwa hawa Hanyar: a nan akwai kuma bear dan wasan-da himmar aiki wanda ilimantawa manufofin yankunan karkara mata da fists wanda bankwana da aika shi zuwa teku a kan wani katakon ninkaya da juna.

Wasu daga cikin aukuwa, wanda ya gaya wa samfurin Platonov "rami", ze zama gaba daya bazuwar kuma unmotivated: ba zato ba tsammani da hanya na aiki kusa-rubucen tashi qananan haruffa, kamar yadda ba zato ba tsammani ya bace. Kamar yadda misali za a iya ado ne kawai a wando ba a sani ba, wanda ya jagoranci Chiklin da ofishin kwatsam. Kumbura da baƙin ciki mutumin nema su koma cikin makarar girbe don nan gaba amfani, wanda aka samu a cikin rami, kauye.

grotesque

A tattaunawa tsakanin manoma da ma'aikata mamakin yadda sananne suka magana game da mutuwa, tare da wasu takaici da kuma tawali'u shirya kaburbura domin kansu da 'ya'yansu. The binne akwatin jũya a cikin wani "yara abun wasa", a "B", daina zama wata alama ce da tsoro ba. Wannan grotesque gaskiya permeates, a gaskiya, dukan labarin "The Ramin".

Misalin

Author na aikin fãce grotesque kuma yana amfani da Misalin da watsa abubuwan da suka faru na hauka. Saboda wannan kuma baya yin amfani da cikakken saukar a cikin labarin "The Rami," matsalolin da aiki. Ba gano wani hali wanda zai iya, kamar Yahuza, ma'ana ga m iyali na manoma, da ya so ga rawar da beyar. Kuma idan akai la'akari da cewa wannan dabba a cikin almara ya ba ta kasance personification na sharri, ba za mu iya magana a nan na biyu Misalin.

A mãkirci tafiya Voshchev organically lauye da sauran - da kasa gina wani monumental gidan na janar proletarian. Amma ma'aikatan yi ĩmani ga karshe cewa gida proletariat a shekara za su zauna a ciki. Wannan ginin da ake dangantawa da Tower of Babel, domin shi ne domin ya kabarin magina, kazalika da rami gidaje domin proletarians zama kabari ga 'yan mata, ga abin da, a gaskiya, da aka gina.

Ko da yake a farkon ayyukan Pashkin bayar da hujjar cewa farin ciki ne har yanzu "zo a tarihi", ya bayyana ta karshen labarin, babu wani begen samun nan gaba ma'anar rayuwa, saboda ba shi ne gina a kan yarinya ta mutuwa, da kuma manya da irin juriya da aiki a cikin rami, a matsayin idan taba ƙoƙarin tserewa a cikin zurfin jãhilci.

A samfurin na "rami" bayan karatu da ganye a kan rai nauyi laka, amma a lokaci guda ji cewa Andrei Rakhmanov - humanist marubuci wanda ya gaya mana game da bakin ciki events na labarin da baƙin ciki, soyayya da kuma zurfin da tausayi ga heroes, ga wanda baya m da uncompromising inji ikon, kowane kokarin nuna a cikin wani m haƙĩ miyagu ra'ayin.

Description haruffa labarin

Platonov ba ya bayar da cikakken bayanin waje haruffa, su zurfin ciki halaye. Ya, kamar surrealist artist, wanda ke aiki tare da taimako na keta ma'ana links a kan wani tunaninsu da lamirinsu matakin, kawai brushing damuwarsa hotuna na haruffa da suke zaune a nonreal duniya bã tãre da m bayani da ciki zane. Ba, misali, babu data a kan bayyanar da protagonist, Voshchev, ya ce kawai cewa ya a lokacin da labarin da shekara talatin. A cikin bayanin da aka ba Pashkina tsofaffi mutum, kazalika da tanƙwasa jiki, ba sosai daga baya shekaru, da yawa daga cikin kaya na "zaman jama'a". Safonov da fuska "aiki-tunani" kuma Chiklin da kansa, wanda ya kasance, da definition, marubucin, "karamin dutse", Kozlov - "rigar idanu" monotonous kuma maras ban sha'awa fuska. Irin wannan, a cikin labarin "The Ramin" (Platonov) haruffa.

m image

Don fahimta da ma'anar da aikin da muhimmanci sosai image na yarinya, wanda ke zaune tare da excavators a yi. Nastya ne yaro na 1917 juyin juya halin. Mahaifiyarta wani bourgeois, cewa shi ne wakilin wani rabu amfani aji. Kin amincewa da baya, kamar yadda ka sani, na nufin asarar al'adun gargajiya, tarihi sadarwa da kuma maye gurbin iyayensu akida - Lenin da Karl Marx. Mun kãfirta da ya shige na mutane ba za a iya, bisa ga mawallafin, nan gaba.

M disfigured duniya, saboda mahaifiyar domin ya cece 'yarsa, ke yin wahayi zuwa da ita ba to magana game da su ba proletarian asalin. An riga an gabatar da ta yi ta tunani ta farfaganda na'ura. Razana karatu, da fahimtar cewa wannan heroine shawara Safronov kashe manoma ga juyin juya halin. Tare da wanda ba ku juya yaro, a lokacin da ya ke tsiro up, idan ya kiyaye toys a wani akwatin gawa? A yarinya a karshen cikin labarin ya mutu, kuma tare da shi ya mutu domin Voshchev da kuma duk sauran aiki na karshe ray bege. Ya lashe zaben a wani irin adawa tsakanin rami da Nastia karshe. The matattu yarinya ta jiki ya ta'allaka ne a kafuwar gidan karkashin gini.

Hero-Falsafa

Ne ba a cikin labari hali, wanda yake shi ne ake kira gida-girma Falsafa suka tunani game da ma'anar rayuwa, sun yi jihãdi rayuwa bisa lamiri, da neman gaskiya. Wannan shi ne babban samfurin na gwarzo. Shi ne mai magana da yawun marubucin matsayi. Wannan hali ne kunshe a Platonov ta labari "The Ramin", tsanani da hankali da kuma tambayar da ingancinsa abin da ke faruwa a kusa da. Ba ya motsa tare da general line, kokarin sami nasu hanya zuwa ga gaskiya. Amma bai same ta ba.

Ma'anar sunan da labarin "The Ramin"

M title na labarin. Ba wai kawai shi ne yi rami. Wannan ne mai babbar kabari rami, wanda yake shi ne domin kansa digging aiki. Mutane da yawa a nan, kuma ya mutu. Happy gida domin proletariat ba za a iya gina a kan bawa dangane da mutum aiki, da kuma wulãkanci daga adam a cikin mutuncinsa.

Mummunan zato, wanda ya yi wani asirin Platonov (labarin "The Ramin" da sauran ayyukan), a wani bouncy Gait na Rasha adabi na lokaci tare da m image na jam'iyyar members, tarurruka da kuma cikar shirin, ba shakka, ba zai shige. Yana ba har akwai wannan marubuci da lokaci: ya ya riga shi gaba.