Baltic laifi 1944 - da dabarun m na Soviet sojojin. Ferdinand makirci. Ivan Bagramyan

Baltic laifi - soja yaƙi, abin da ya faru a cikin kaka na shekarar 1944 a cikin Baltic Amirka. A sakamakon da aiki, wanda kuma ake kira Takwas duka Stalin, ya 'yantar da Lithuania, Latvia da kuma Estonia daga Jamus sojojin. Yau za mu dubi tarihin wannan aiki, ta kuma wasu mutane, da haddasawa da kuma sakamakon.

Janar halaye

A cikin sharuddan soja da kuma shugabannin siyasa da na uku Reich Baltic States taka musamman rawa. Sarrafa shi, da Jamus suna iya sarrafa babban ɓangare na Baltic Sea da kuma ci gaba da tuntubar juna tare da Scandinavian kasashen. Bugu da kari, cikin Baltic yankin ya kasance wata babbar wadata tushe a Jamus. Istoniyanci kasuwanci a shekara ba ta Uku Reich game da dubu 500, ton na man kayayyakin. Bugu da kari, Jamus ya samu daga Baltic babbar yawa abinci da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa. Har ila yau, ba rasa wurin da cewa Jamus na shirin matsawa daga 'yan asalin jama'ar na Baltic jihohin da populate shi tare da su' yan'uwanmu 'yan ƙasa. Saboda haka, da asarar da wannan yankin don ta Uku Reich ya zama babban koma baya ne.

Baltic laifi fara Satumba 14, 1944 da kuma dade har 22 Nuwamba na wannan shekara. Its nufin ya da shan kashi na Nazi sojoji da kuma 'yantar da Lithuania, Latvia da kuma Estonia. Bugu da kari ga Jamusawa, da Red Army saɓa wa gida hadin gwiwar. Su main girma (87000) kunshe a cikin Latvian legion. Hakika, don samar da isassun juriya ga Soviet sojojin, ba su iya ba. Wani 28 dubu mutane sun kasance wani bangare na Latvian battalions schutzmannschaft.

Yaƙin kunshi hudu manyan ayyukan: Riga, Tallinn, kuma Memel Moonsund. A cikin duka, shi da aka jinkirta for 71 days. gaban nisa ne game 1000 km da kuma zurfin - game da 400 km. A sakamakon yakin kungiyar Runduna "Arewa" aka ci, da uku Baltic jihohin gaba daya 'yanci daga invaders.

prehistory

A manyan sikelin-m a kan ƙasa na Baltic, da Red Army da aka shirya wani lokacin na biyar Stalin yajin - Belarushiyanci ayyukan. A lokacin rani na 1944, Soviet sojojin sun iya 'yantar key yankuna na Baltic yankunan da shirya da kanta kafuwar ga wata babbar m. By marigayi rani, rushewarta wata babbar adadin da tsaron gida Lines na Nazis a cikin Baltic Amirka. A wasu yankunan Tarayyar Soviet sojojin sun ci gaba da 200 km. Ayyuka da za'ayi a cikin bazara, ƙuƙuntacce gagarumin sojojin na Jamus, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa su kayar da Belorussian Front karshe a rukuni na sojojin "Center" da kuma karya, ta hanyar zuwa gabashin Poland. Barin hanyoyin Riga, Soviet sojojin da duk yanayi na nasara kwata 'yanci na Baltic jihohi.

shirin kai hari

Koli umurnin umarnin Soviet sojojin (uku Baltic gaban Leningrad gaban da Baltic jiragen ruwa) da aka kallafa wa raba da karya da sojojin kungiyar "Arewa", haka yantar da Baltic yankin. Baltic fronts farmaki Jamus zuwa Riga da Leningrad gaban tafi Tallinn. A mafi muhimmanci harin da aka a buga a Riga shugabanci, kamar yadda zai kai ga samun 'yanci na Riga - most masana'antu da siyasa cibiyar, rundunar marine kuma terrestrial sadarwa na Baltic Amirka.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, Leningrad gaban da Baltic rundunar umurci halaka gudanar da kungiyar "Narva". Bayan lashe Tartu, Leningrad Front sojojin da aka ce ka je Tallinn da kuma bude hanya zuwa gabashin tudu na Baltic Sea. Baltic Front da aka umurce su da su goyi bayan Maritime flank na Leningrad sojojin, kazalika da hana zuwa na reinforcements da Jamus da kuma su fitarwa.

Sojojin Baltic Front sun zuwa fara da m on Satumba 5-7, da kuma Birnin Leningrad - 15 Satumba. Duk da haka, saboda matsaloli a shirye-shiryen domin dabarun m aiki, ta asalin da za a dage domin a mako. A wannan lokaci, Soviet sojojin gudanar da bincike aikin, koro makamai da kuma abinci, da kuma injiniyoyin kammala gina shirya hanyoyi.

sojojin na jam'iyyun

A cikin duka, da zubar da cikin Soviet sojojin, musharaka a cikin Baltic aiki ya game miliyan 1.5 maza, fiye da miliyan 3 raka'a sulke motocin, game da 17 dubu bindigogi da kuma rokoki, da kuma fiye da miliyan 2.5 da jirgin sama. Yaƙin ya samu halartar 12 Runduna, cewa shi ne kusan cikakken abun da ke ciki na hudu fronts na Red Army. Bugu da kari, da m aka goyan bayan Baltic tasoshin.

Amma ga Jamus sojojin da farkon Satumba 1944 wani rukuni na sojojin "Arewa" jagorancin Ferdinandom Shornerom, kunshi 3 tank kamfanoni da aiki kungiyar "Narva". A cikin duka, shi yana da 730 dubban sojoji, dubban sulke da motocin 1,2, 7 dubu bindigogi da kuma rokoki da kuma game da 400 da jirgin sama. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a cikin rukuni na sojojin "Arewa" ya Ƙungiyarku biyu Latvians wakiltar bukatun da ake kira "Latvian Tuli".

shirye-shiryen da Jamus

By farkon na Baltic aiki, da Jamus da sojojin da aka share daga gefen kudu da guga man zuwa cikin teku. Duk da haka, godiya ga Baltic bridgehead, da Nazis iya ji ciwo a kan Soviet sojojin flank hari. Saboda haka maimakon ciwon bar Baltic kasashen, da Jamus yanke shawarar dattako da fronts akwai, kafa ƙarin defenses da kuma kira ga reinforcements.

Domin Riga shugabanci na amsa kungiyar kunshi biyar tank rarrabuwa. An yi imani da cewa Riga USAID yanki ne Mai rinjãya zuwa Soviet sojojin. A cikin Narva shugabanci tsaro shi ne ma sosai tsanani - uku tsaron gida tube zurfin game da 30 km. Don hana m Baltic tasoshi, Jamusawa kafa wani jam'i na cikas a cikin Gulf da kuma mined, duka biyu da tashar tare da gaba.

A watan Agusta, da Baltic jihohi sun jefa 'yan ƙungiyoyin da kuma babban yawan dabaru, daga "m" sassan na gaba da kuma Jamus. Don mayar da fama iyawa daga cikin sojojin da kungiyar "Arewa" da Jamus da suke ciyarwa wata babbar yawan albarkatun. Fada ruhu "oboroniteley" Baltic ya m high. The sojojin kasance sosai da tarbiyya da kuma mun aminta cewa wani sauyi a yaki a nan gaba. Suna jiran reinforcements a cikin mutum na matasa da sojoji da kuma ya yi ĩmãni da jita-jita, game da mu'ujiza makamai.

Riga laifi

Riga laifi fara ranar Satumba 14 da kuma kare 22 ga watan Oktoba, 1944. Babban manufar da aiki ya saki daga Riga occupants sa'an nan Latvia. Daga cikin tsari na miliyan 1.3 Soviet sojojin da hannu a cikin yaƙin (119 bindiga rarrabu, daya mechanized da tank bawo 6, 11, kazalika da tank crews garu 3). Sun kasance sũ ne suka nuna adawa da 16-th da kuma 18-th da ci 3-1 na Army Group "Arewa". A mafi girma nasarorin a wannan yaki ya kai 1st Baltic Front karkashin jagorancin Ivan Bagramyan. Daga 14 zuwa 27 ga watan Satumba, da Red Army suka kai harin. Kai milestone "Sigulda", wanda Jamus karfafa da kuma hada karfi don tattara zuwa a lokacin aiki na Tallinn, Soviet sojojin tsaya. Bayan da hankali shiri Oktoba 15, da Red Army koma a cikin wani m gaba. A sakamakon haka, 22 ga watan Oktoba Soviet sojojin dauki Riga da kuma mafi yawan Latvia.

Tallinn laifi

Tallinn laifi ya faru daga 17 zuwa 26 Satumba 1944. Manufar wannan yakin kuwa shi ne samun 'yanci da Estonia da kuma, musamman, babban birnin kasar - birnin Tallinn. By farkon fadace-fadace na biyu da Takwas Army da dangane da Jamus kungiyar "Narva" gagarumin lamba magabaci. Bisa ga ainihin shirin, sojojin na da 2nd Shock Army sun kai farmaki da kungiyar "Narva" daga bãyansu, sa'an nan za a bi da storming na Tallinn. 8th Army ya kai farmaki idan Jamus sojojin kasar za su shiga cikin mãsu bãyar da bãya.

Satumba 17 2nd Shock Army tafi yi ta aiki. Ta gudanar ya karya ta da tsaro da makiya 18-kilomita-rata a kusa da kogin Emajõgi. Farga da muhimmancin da Soviet sojojin, "Narva" yanke shawarar koma baya. The sosai gaba rana a Tallinn ayyana 'yancin kai. Da ikon fadi a hannun boye Istoniyanci gwamnati karkashin jagorancin Otto Tief. A tsakiyar birnin hasumiya shi aka tashe biyu flags - da Istoniyanci da kuma Jamus. A 'yan kwanaki souped gwamnati ko kokarin tsayayya da dannawa Soviet da mãsu bãyar da bãya Jamus sojojin.

Satumba 19 da hari fara 8th Army. Kashegari, daga Nazis shi ya liberated garin Rakvere, inda dakarun na 8th Army hada karfi tare da sojojin na 2nd Army. 21 ga watan Satumba da Red Army 'yanci Tallinn, kuma a cikin kwanaki biyar - duk Estonia (sai dai wasu tsibiran).

Lokacin aiki na Tallinn Baltic rundunar parachuted a kan Istoniyanci Coast da kuma m tsibiran da dama na ta raka'a. Godiya ga hadin gwiwa sojojin na rundunar ta Uku Reich sha wahala da shan kashi a babban yankin Estonia a kawai kwanaki 10. A wannan yanayin, fiye da 30,000 Jamus sojoji kokarin, amma suka kasa karya, ta hanyar zuwa Riga. Wasu daga cikin su aka dauka fursuna da kuma wasu hallaka. A lokacin Tallinn ayyukan, bisa ga Soviet data, game da 30 dubban Jamus sun kashe sojojin, da kuma game da dubu 15 - da aka dauka fursuna. Bugu da kari, da Jamus rasa 175 guda da nauyi kayan aiki.

Moonsund aiki

Satumba 27, 1994 Soviet sojojin kaddamar da wani aiki Moonsund, wanda aikin ya kama Moondzunskogo tarin tsiburai da kwata 'yanci daga invaders. The aiki dade har 24 Nuwamba na wannan shekara. A kayyade yankin da Jamusawa kare da 23rd dakaru Division, kuma bataliya 4 kariya. Daga Tarayyar Soviet a yakin da aka hannu a wani bangare na Leningrad, ya kuma Baltic fronts. Babban ɓangare na tsibirin na tarin tsiburai aka saki da sauri. Saboda gaskiya cewa Red Army zabi wani m drop-kashe nufi ga da kai hari, da makiya ba su da lokacin da za a shirya tsaron gida. Nan da nan bayan samun 'yanci na tsibirin sojojin komai a fili a kan sauran, m disoriented da dakarun na uku Reich. The kawai wurin da Jamus sun iya kawo ci gaba na Soviet sojojin, shi ne Sõrve Larabawa na tsibirin Saaremaa, a kan Isthmus wanda da Jamus sun iya rike fita for shida makonni, tying saukar Soviet bindiga Corps.

Battle of Memel

Wannan aiki da aka za'ayi 1st Baltic da kuma wani ɓangare na 3rd Belorussian Front daga 5 zuwa 22 Oktoba 1944. Manufar na yaƙin neman zaɓe ya zuwa yanke Army Group "Arewa" daga Eastern Prussia. Lokacin da na farko Baltic Front jagoranci m kwamandan Ivana Bagramyana Riga barshi cikin kusance shi ne gamu da babbar maƙiyi juriya. A sakamakon haka, an yanke shawarar canza wurin da juriya a Memel shugabanci. Kusa da garin Siauliai Baltic Front sojojin regrouped. A karkashin sabon shirin na Soviet umurninSa, da Red Army sojojin sun karya da tsaro na yammacin kuma kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na Siauliai da Palanga don isa line-Memel River Naman. Babban duka fadi a kan shugabanci na Memel, da sub - at Kelme-Tilzit.

Da shawarar da Tarayyar Soviet tawagar ya zama wani cikakken mamaki ga Uku Reich, wanda aka sa ran ci gaba kai hare-hare a kan Riga shugabanci. A rana ta farko na yakin Soviet sojojin kutsa cikin tsaro da kuma kara bunkasa a wurare daban-daban a nesa na 7 zuwa 17 kilomita. By Oktoba 6 a fagen yaƙi zo duk da dakarun da aka shirya a gaba, da kuma Oktoba 10, da Soviet sojojin yanke da Jamus daga Gabas Prussia. A sakamakon haka, tsakanin Uku Reich sojojin tushen a Courland da kuma Gabas Prussia, ya kafa wani rami na Soviet sojojin, wanda ya kai wani nisa na 50 kilomita. Don shawo kan wannan tsiri da abokan gaba, ba shakka, zai iya ba.

By 22 ga watan Oktoba Soviet Army 'yanci daga Jamus kusan dukan arewa bakin kogi Neman. A Latvia, maƙiyi tura a kan Courland Larabawa da kuma tam kulle. Memel a sakamakon ayyukan da Red Army sun ci gaba har zuwa 150 km, ta fito da fiye da 26 000 km ² da kuma fiye da 30 ƙauyuka.

m events

Da shan kashi na Army Group "Arewa", gangarawa Ferdinandom Shornerom, ya kyawawan nauyi, ko da yake shi ya hada bar 33 rarrabuwa. A Courland kasko Uku Reich ya rasa rabin miliyan sojoji da jami'an, kazalika da wata babbar adadin kayan aiki da kuma makamai. Jamus Courland kungiyar katange da pinned zuwa tekun, da tsakanin Liepaja da Tukums. An wanzuwa, kamar yadda ya karya cikin Gabas Prussia ya ba da ƙarfi, kuma bã da ikon. Sa ran taimako ya ko'ina ba. A Soviet m, a Tsakiya da Turai ya kasance sosai m. Barin ɓangare na kayan aiki da kuma kayayyaki, ra'ayoyi Courland a kwashe ta ruwa, amma da Jamus ki irin wannan hukunci.

A Soviet umurnin bai kafa kansa da aiki a kowane kudin don ya hallakar da m Jamus kungiyar, wanda riga ba zai iya shafar karshe mataki na yaƙi da yaki. Uku Baltic Front wargaza, da farko da na biyu aika zuwa Kurland don kammala qaddamar. Saboda da farko na hunturu da kuma Gwargwadon fasali na Courland Larabawa (ruwan dare na swamps da gandun daji) halakar farkisanci kungiyoyin, wanda hada da Lithuanian hadin gwiwar, aka jinkirta na dogon lokaci. Yana wuya halin da ake ciki da cewa babban sojojin na Baltic fronts (ciki har da sojoji na Janar Bagramyan) da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga babban Lines. Mahara wuya hadari na sashin sun kasance a banza. The Nazis sun mutuwa, kuma Soviet raka'a sun samu wani m rashin ƙarfi. A karshen, da yaƙi ya ƙare a Courland kasko kawai Mayu 15, 1945.

sakamakon

A sakamakon aiki na Baltic, Latvia, Lithuania da kuma Estonia aka sami 'yanci daga Nazi invaders. All nasara yankuna da aka kafa ikon Tarayyar Soviet. A Wehrmacht rasa da hanya tushe da kuma dabarun tushe, wanda aka located a kan shekaru uku. A cikin Baltic rundunar motoci da damar gudanar da wani aiki a kan da Jamus da ãyõyinMu, kazalika da rufe sojojin ƙasa daga Riga da Gulf of Finland. Bayan lashe a cikin Baltic ayyukan a shekarar 1944 da Baltic Sea, da Soviet Army ya iya kai farmaki daga sãshinansu da dakarun na uku Reich, wanda zauna a Gabas Prussia.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Jamus zama sa tsanani lalacewar da Baltic. Domin shekaru uku da dominance ya Nazis zasu kare wasu 1.4 miliyan fararen hula da kuma fursunonin yaki. Mugun lalace tattalin arzikin yankin, garuruwa da kauyuka. Don gaba daya mayar da Baltic ya yi wani babban aiki.