Empire style of gine na karni na 19th da kuma na zamani. Misalai na gine-gine, da hotuna

A farkon kwata karni na sha tara maye gurbin classicism zo da wani sabon shugabanci a art da kuma gine - Empire. The gine fara bayyana wa halayyar halayen - da monumental massiveness da dadi ado abubuwa. Empire style samo asali a zamanin mulkin Napoleon. Duk da yake wasu yi imani da wannan shi ne shugabanci a art da kuma gine na kunkuntar da kuma iyaka, shi ne, duk da haka, dõgara a kan m gãdon Greek archaism da na mallaka Roma, da jawo fitar da ikon da yawa daga cikin izuwa amma kyakkyawan abubuwa, alhãli kuwa da wanda ya riga - classicism - aka mayar da hankali, yafi a taushi da kuma jitu abubuwa.

Asalin da style

Empire style a gine - mai nasara baka, da m portico da ginshikan, babban soja da alamomin - Laurel wreaths .. Armor, gaggafa, da dai sauransu Dukan waɗannan abubuwa ba da tasiri da ji, amma a maimakon haka, a kan dan kasa na mutane. Wannan shi ne abin da aka bayyana a cikin solemnity da kuma girmamawa na fada ciki, tsara ta Fontaine da Percier. Bayan Napoleon ta yakin neman zabe a Misira a cikin Empire style a gine fara da za a gabatar undifferentiated jirgin ganuwar da pylons, stylized sphinxes. Domin wannan lokaci, da halayyar alama ne cewa kasar Masar hadisin a hade tare da Roman organically isa ba tare da faruwa zuwa yanzu a wasu eclecticism. Historicism - wani alama da ke bambanta da Empire style of gine-gine, wanda ya jaddada mahada da girma na zamanin da sarakuna.

style akida

M akida fuskantarwa iyakance ci gaban da style da kuma shi ne dalilin da cewa mutane da yawa Amurka ba su yarda da shi a matsayin "mallaka" da ya zama wani karfi shukakkun da Napoleon a lokacin da ya nasarar. Alal misali, a cikin Jamus da Austriya ya ci gaba a lokacin da shugabanci na "Biedermeier", jera amfani da Empire motifs, amma ya sãɓa wa kanta zuwa gare shi. A Ingila akwai da "style of George IV», wani lokacin kira "British na sarki."

Mallaka Rasha style

The kawai kasar da Empire style a gine-gine, da kuma ba kawai a cikin shi, aka ci gaba, akwai Rasha. Wannan bayani da cewa, ta kasance iya karya ikon Napoleon, kuma haka nan ya sami kansa rarrabe fasali. Ya kasance softer kuma mafi pliable. A m na Empire style a St. Petersburg gine ne Rossi - Rasha-Italian m, gudanar da santsi ya sanyin cewa da rigidity. Wani da aka sani m a cikin wannan shugabanci ne Stasov. A cewar masana, na da jinsin harafin da "Moscow Empire" a cikin style of yankunan karkara kadarori, wanda kuma ake kira da babban birnin kasar classicism.

Gamawa na gargajiya lokaci

A kafofin wahayi ga m gine-ginen sun zama Art of Ancient Girka a tsaoho lokacin da Roman Empire na marigayi lokaci, a hade tare da al'adun Etruria, zamanin d Misira da kuma sauran kaya. Roba ideas na zamanin d Masar gine-gine, undifferentiated manyan bango saman da m ginshikan da ginshiƙai, da samar da tsabta ga dukan girma daga cikin lissafi daidaito, da dai sauransu - .. Wannan shi ne daban-daban daular. The gine na karni na 19th ne ya zama personification na conciseness, monumentality da kuma tsaurara balance da fasali na sassa. Wannan lokaci lokaci ne da ake kira zargin soja daukaka da na sarki girma, aiwatar ta hanyar yawa alamomin da ãyõyinMu.
A cikin kayan ado na ciki da kuma exteriors na gine-gine, furniture, kazalika da fitilu kuma kayayyakin amfani a cikin m alamomin na soja daukaka da isharori aro daga zamanin d Roman ado nufin a cikin nau'i daga kofuna da dama da kuma laurels, sanarwa jijiyoyin da gaggafa, jiniyoyi, da kuma sau da yawa maimaita harafin N .

Irin wannan m kayan ado kawai inganta da Theatrical yanayi a cikin ciki. Misalan Empire gine-gine, a cewar masana, shi ne sosai haske faye hali kai tsaye wajen samo daga wasu iri da kuma siffofin da haƙiƙa duniya na tsufa. Alal misali, a dace gina da kuma ado da nasara arches da kuma tunawa obelisks.

A wuri na tsaftacewa da subtlety

Da zuwan na Empire art shi ne ya fi girma, kuma mafi monumental. A wannan yanayin, maye gurbin mai ladabi tausasãwa a cikin style of Louis XVI zo wuce kima rationality da ƙawa da ko da pathos. A wani kokarin da bourgeoisie, da ta lashe da kuma watsi da "sarauta" shugabanci, don koyi da rayuwar, ko dabi'u na zamanin d Romawa akwai mutane da yawa Theatrical da showy. A wasu kasashen Turai da aristocracy tare da babban bourgeoisie, wanda Faransa classicism na Louis XVI ya kwanan nan aiki a matsayin wani abin koyi, ya fara fito fili ya bi na sarki style. Bayan juyin juya halin a Paris sake daga wurare daban-daban suka taru da yawa artists da kuma gine-ginen da suka zaba da aiki a wannan sabon salon. The Empire gine-gine, misalai na wanda gine-gine ba kama wani "tattara" classicism, da bambanci ga baya yayi ya isa cosmopolitan hali, wanda zame ta nagarta na da tsari na kafa gida makarantu. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana bayan wani lokaci da haihuwa na Rasha versions na wannan style.

Saint Petersburg

Wannan Trend a 1810-1830 biennium. fara bayyana a cikin manyan birane was. Misalai Empire a St. Petersburg gine - shi ne sananne Kazan Cathedral kuma da Admiralty gini, da Spaso-Preobrazhensky da Troitsky Cathedrals, Ostrovsky Square da kuma Arts. Sama da su yi aiki da irin wannan shahararren gine-ginen kamar K. I. Rossi da kuma A. Voronikhin, JB Thomas de Thomon kuma A. D. Zaharov, V. P. Stasov da sauransu.

Externally, da Rasha, Empire a cikin gine-gine, misalai na wanda gine-gine suna zahiri warwatse ko'ina arewacin babban birnin kasar, karin musamman ta amfani da na gargajiya tushe-tsarin, ba kawai Tuscan da Doric. Wadannan zamanin Alexander classicism bayyana sha'awar chic, ƙawa da monumentality, a hade tare da masculinity. Empire style of gine, photos na gine-gine da ya shaida ga m fasali da kuma solemnity, tare da brevity na siffofin da militaristic symbolism ƙwarai.

A karshe "tsirkiya" na Rasha Empire

Empire style a gine-gine, misalai na gine-gine na abin da ya fi a Rasha za a iya gani a St. Petersburg, a fili ya nuna cikin yanayi na lokaci. A apotheosis na Rasha shugabanci ne Cathedral St. Ishaku Cathedral. Yana da aka gina a 1858, tsara ta Montferrand. Yana Marinjãyi cikin sauki form: wani shigen sukari da wani square, alwatika, Silinda da parabolic Dome, wanda, a Bugu da kari wani babban size, da coci ba da wasu ƙarin monumentality kuma Ya halitta, da alama na wani shekaru da haihuwa na sarki inviolability. A lokacin shiri na Cathedral of m fasaha mafita amfani a lokacin: wani m slab katakon ninkaya tushe, Ya sanya daga masonry, jefa-baƙin ƙarfe hakarkarinsa a kan domes, ginshikan dutse monoliths dukan. Ƙwanƙwasa kuma arziki m ado tare da m zane.

Sunset "Golden Age"

Saboda haka, zamanin da Empire style a cikin gine na St. Petersburg, firam ta gina biyu daga cikin mafi grandiose Monuments - ginin Kazan kuma St. Ishaku Cathedral, kammala mataki a cikin ci gaban birnin, a lõkacin da aka halitta da yawa musamman ayyukan gine-gine. Duk da haka, idan "Golden Age" na Rasha adabi, zanen da music aka kawai farko, da Rasha, gine-gine, shi kusantar da zuwa kusa.