Mene ne yanki na Iceland? Yankin Iceland dubu sq. Km

A tarihin kowace kasa, wani m da hadaddun. Yankin Iceland aka kafa domin mutane da yawa ƙarni, duk da cewa wannan tsibirin al'umma. The facts na labarin kasa na wannan kasa, wata babbar adadin. Me yi da tsabar kudi na Roman Empire a tsibirin? An hannu a cikin samuwar jihar Vikings? Abin da yankin rufe Iceland? A wannan da kuma wasu - more.

samuwar kasar

A fannin tsibirin Iceland a yau ne 103 dubu 125 murabba'in kilomita. Amma abin da ya faru da kasa da yawa da suka wuce ƙarni? A karo na farko a Iceland za ka iya samun bayani, dating IX karni AD. Amma a cikin zamani tarihin jihar ne da wani taron, wanda ya ƙaryata game da asali ka'idar da samuwar. Gaskiyar cewa tsibirin da aka samu Roman tsabar kudi, wanda aka yi amfani da III karni BC. e.

Wannan taron za a iya bayyana ta da cewa daga baya a tsibirin na kudi kawo Vikings, amma shi yanzu ba a sani. Zai yiwu fannin Iceland aka yi nazari kafin IX karni. Wannan al'amari aka tabbatar da kalmomi na Greek Explorer wanda a IV karni BC. e. Ya bayyana a irin wannan ƙasa.

abũbuwan Help

Akwai ka'idar wanda ya nuna cewa Irish sufaye sami tsibirin Iceland. A yankin na ƙasa sun bukaci su yi addu'a ga gumakansu. Farko da suka samu da Faroe Islands, wanda aka har yanzu yashe da kuma inda ba wanda yake zaune, da kuma daga baya, watakila, kai da kuma "Ice Land".

Akwai jita-jitar cewa cikin Thule sunan shi ne na farko da sunan ga halin yanzu kasar. Akwai sufaye a karshen cikin Sabunta karni, a lokacin da Faroe Islands da aka sanaki uwansu, akwai fara asali na tumaki, da fara aiki rayuwa.

facts

An sani cewa Iceland tsibirin yankin bincika riga a cikin IX karni. Daga Norway iso nan Naddodd sauran Vikings. Kuma suka yi zaton cewa za a iya gina rayuwa, amma wajen hawa babban dutse, bai sami wani abu da ya dace. A lõkacin da suka bar tsibirin, shi snowed, kuma ya ba da makomar jihar Naddodd kara sunan "Snow Land".

A gaba baƙo ne Gardar Svavarsson. Ya yanke shawarar gano wanda yanki kusa da tsibirin na Iceland, kuma kullum bincika yankin. Ya swam na dogon lokaci da tekun, amma a cikin hunturu shi ya wuya tawagar tsira, kuma shi aka yanke shawarar dakatar da a arewacin Gulf. Sa'an nan suka kafa kananan shiri, wanda a wannan ranar ne ake kira Husavik ( "Gulf of gidaje").

Next Viking nasara na, garken Vilgerdarsson yanke shawarar yadda ya kamata a magance da cewa irin wannan ƙasa, Iceland. A yankin na ƙasa, ya bypassed birnin a search na Gardar. A kan hanya, da shi da maza samu cikin Fjord da kuma yanke shawarar kafa a nan. Ƙarshe ya taka m wargi da mutanensa, duk dabbõbi a kan hunturu mutu daga rashin abinci. Garken spring binciki Fjord, amma ka ga cewa shi ne har yanzu an rufe da kankara, shi ya ba da tsibirin sunan Iceland ( "Land of Ice").

Riga a karshen cikin IX karni da mulkin mallaka na tsibirin. Mutane sun shirya su bayyana tsarin, da kuma a 1000 kafa da bangaskiya. Kiristanci ya zama na aikin addini daga gare su. Icelanders aka sosai ilimi, don haka suka kasance har abada a cikin tarihi na ayyukan art.

dogara

Yana haka ya faru da cewa har ya zuwa 1918, kasar da aka fada domin samun 'yancin kai, da kuma Iceland yanki a murabba'in mita. km a matsayin jiha ba za a iya ƙaddara. Da farko na yi raba tare da Norway, su yi yaƙi da Denmark.

Kamar yadda tarihi hatsari, lokacin da Danish-Norwegian jam'iyya da aka soke, duk yankuna aka hakura da wani zuwa Sweden. Amma game da Iceland "manta", ya kuma zauna a karkashin Danish mulki. Dogon lokaci mazauna m kankara Kasashen gina gidansa a karkashin ikon wasu iko. Su methodically kafa dole hukumomi, su da ilimi da kuma tattalin arzikin tsarin.

saki

Jihar ta kammala jam'iyya da Denmark, kuma ya kasance mai zaman kanta 1 Disamba 1918. A yakin duniya na farko bai shafi tsibirin, amma ya kawo nan cutar AIDS mura. A yakin duniya na II, Iceland kokarin zama tsaka tsaki, amma Birtaniya karya shi, ya shiga a cikin Reykjavik harbor. A shekarar 1944, tsibirin ya zama wani cikakken zaman kanta a jihar, Mulkin musayar matsayi a cikin jamhuriyar.

Takaitacciyar

Saboda haka, da muka riga ya san abin da Iceland yanki na tsibirin. A ƙasa na jihar kuma ya dauki 103 dubu sq. Km. Wannan kasa da aka located zuwa yamma daga arewacin Turai, da arewa, a tekun Atlantic. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Bugu da kari ga babban tsibirin kuma a kusa da 'yan kananan ƙasar mallakar jihar.

Idan ba ka yi la'akari da cewa glaciers rufe fiye da 11,000 murabba'in kilomita wani yanki na Iceland a cikin square. km zai zama 92 dubu. Ba zato ba tsammani, da dukan ƙasar kawai kwata daga wurin rayuwa. A cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na tsibirin ne volcanoes, filayen da glaciers.

Daga cikin wanda ya raba yankin?

A fannin Iceland ne zuwa kashi Sisley da kuma birane gundumomi. Sisley, bi da bi, an hada da birane da kuma municipalities. Daya daga cikin birni gundumomi ne Reykjavik. An located in na farko yankin da wani bakon sunan Capital yankin. A total of 8 yankuna na tsibirin kuma, bi da bi, 8 administrative cibiyoyin.

babban birnin kasar

An sani cewa duk Iceland tsibirin area (sq. Km) ya hada da ba wai kawai a tsibirin, amma wannan yanki. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne babban birnin jihar - Reykjavik. Yana daukan kawai 275 km² sashin seltjarnarnes. Ga rayuwa fiye da rabin al'ummar ta - 202 dubu mutane. Sauran 119,000 rayuwa a cikin wasu manyan birane: Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri, Husavik da sauransu.

Yawon bude ido a tsibirin ne sosai wuya barci a lokacin rani, kamar yadda akwai kusan babu dare. A rana ta faɗi a tsakar dare, kuma ya fara tashi a farkon 2-3 hours na dare. Amma a cikin hunturu za ka iya ganin "fari haske" ne kawai 4 hours a rana.

Gwargwadon surprises

Neman a wasu daga Iceland yankin, za ka san cewa wannan tsibirin rike da yawa asirin labarin kasa. An yi imani da cewa kasar ita ce kankara - wani matashi kasar, abin da ya bayyana saboda da aman wuta, aiki a karshe 60 shekaru miliyan.

Wadanda suka taba ji na kasar da kuma ya ba su da sha'awar ta, mamakin cewa tsibirin ne kusan 30 volcanoes. Kuma tun biyu Iceland karkashin mulkin mallakar mutane, 20 daga cikinsu sun riga keta tunanin mutum. Wani mai ban sha'awa al'amari ne cewa, daga cikin da yawa iri volcanoes, kusan dukan samu a tsibirin. A lokacin da a marigayi 1780s akwai wani shigowa na aman wuta Laki, Iceland lawa rufe wata babbar yankin - fiye da 570 murabba'in kilomita.

Wani m wuta-numfashi giant barke a matsayin farkon a matsayin karni na 20th, sau biyu. Daya daga cikin undersea volcanoes a Iceland a 1963 halitta tsibirin - Syurtoye. Kuma daga juna da ajiye mazauna wani karamin gari a farkon 1970s.

ma aiki

Wanda yana dauke da mafi yawan aiki aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull. Its aiki fara a 2010, da Maris da dare. Sa'an nan, da yawa riga ya san game da game da bala'i, kamar yadda ya lura a karshen shekara ta 2009 da girgizar kasa aiki. A watan kafin shigowa sun iya gane motsi ta duniya ɓawon burodi. Kuma tuni a farkon watan Maris, shi yiwuwa a kafa fiye da dubu uku tremors da rana.

Glaciers fara narke da sauri, don haka muna da kaura da mazauna kusa ƙauyuka. A filin jirgin sama ma ya za a rufe tsawon lokacin da shigowa. A ranar kafin kunnawa da aman wuta ya fara mummunan tremors karkashin kasa da gabatowa da surface. A shigowa ta fara a kan Maris 20 da yamma. Sa'an nan, a cikin wani sashi na gleiser zub. Da farko, da girgije ya tashi a kilometer tsawo, amma yawa ash aka lura.

Daga baya, bayan 'yan kwanaki, ruwa yana shiga cikin bakin dutse, wanda ya haddasa fashewa da kuma kara tururi shigowa aiki. A rana ta karshe na watan akwai wani hutu, da kuma kafin Afrilu 5th aman wuta spewed lawa on biyu da crack tsawon 0.3 da kuma 0.5 km.

Tuni a cikin tsakiyar watan Afrilu, kuma muna da kaura mazaunan, tun da na biyu shigowa ta fara. Sa'an nan ash ya ɗaukaka a cikin iska domin kilomita 8, kuma a crack ya riga 2 kilomita a tsawon. A 'yan kwanaki baya a shafi na ash tashi a kara 5 km cirewa, wanda ya sa shi ya buga da stratosphere.

Turai, ma, ya aka azabtar da irin wannan aiki a wuta-numfashi giant. Afrilu 15 kasashe sun soke fiye da 5 dubu flights. Denmark da kuma Birtaniya sun rufe filayen jiragen sama. Bugu da kari don kudi asarar da, da yawa shugabannin jihar sun ba su iya samun to Poland domin jana'izar shugaban kasar.

Ice a matsayin kasuwanci da katin

Iceland ba zai zama "kankara kasar", idan ba ta main janye - da glaciers. Yankin Iceland dubu. Km2 ya kan 11% na wadannan halitta tsarin. Bugu da kari, da glaciers muhimmanci shafi sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna na tsibirin, kuma, ba shakka, a kan ta wuri mai faɗi.

Fiye da 11 dubu murabba'in kilomita na dukan na Iceland dauki wadannan babbar "Cold Mountain." Kusan kowace daya daga cikinsu ya boye a karkashin wani mai aman wuta, game da shi, guje wa dukan jama'a. Gaskiyar cewa faruwa a ciki da geothermal matakai da kai ga ambaliyar ruwa. Idan aman wuta ya fara rayayye bayyana kansu, akwai yiwuwar fashewar karkashin-kankara ruwa, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani ƙara shigowa.

Mafi yawa daga cikin glaciers suna located cikin tsibirin. The most of su yana da wani yanki na fiye da 8 sq. M. km. Just a cikin wannan yankin da kuma shi ne tsororuwar tsibirin -. 2109 m All sauran glaciers ne da yawa karami.

ruwa sarari

Bugu da kari ga kankara, a tsibirin akwai ruwa a cikin ruwa a jihar. Akwai da yawa koguna da cewa sun kafa saboda m ruwan sama. Duk da cewa su ne manyan isa, ba su yi amfani da matsayin kai hanya. Wannan shi ne saboda m canje-canje a cikin tectonic tsarin kai ga wani canji a kwarara da kuma watsawa kwarara.

Akwai kuma wani kyakkyawan manyan lake. Mafi shahara a cikinsu Þingvallavatn da Þórisvatn. A farko yana da wani yanki na 84 murabba'in kilomita kuma mafi zurfi ma'ana na 114 mita. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi ne halitta jiki na ruwa, da lake mãsu tsarẽwa ga National Park. Amma Þórisvatn - wani tafki na Iceland. Its yanki ne 88 murabba'in kilomita. The lake aka halitta da wani dam domin samar da wutar lantarki. Af, shi ne lura da cewa, da bambanci ga sauran tsibiran kududdufai Þórisvatn yana da wani haske koren launi.

shuke-shuke

Tare da ciyayi a kasar ne da mummunar. Mun san abin da yanki na Iceland, da muka sani da yawan glaciers a tsibirin. Na kasarta kawai kwata na tsibirin da ake rufe greenery. Duka wannan yana da alaka da ƙasa. Yana da wani ma'adinai saboda glaciers da rawayar} asa irin. Amma tarihi ya nuna cewa fiye da shekaru 1,000 da suka wuce da yankin tsibirin da aka rufe da kashi biyu cikin uku na shuke-shuke.

M ganye kawai gansakuka da ciyawa girma a nan. Ko woody shuke-shuke da aka a baya sun shagaltar da 1% na ƙasa, yanzu kusan bace. Wani lokaci za ka iya ganin Birch mai lankwasa saboda da arewa iska. A cikin birane, shi ne a yanzu fiye da itatuwa, musamman conifers, suna artificially Skewer mazauna.

Kamar yadda ka riga sani, Iceland yanki na 103 dubu sq. M. km. Tunanin na su a matsayin masu yawa kamar yadda 10% - ne lawa filayen. 60% bautarka m placer, wanda kawai damar ci gaban gansakuka da lichens. Saboda haka, domin Birch gandun daji da kuma ciyawa fadamun sanya kusan m.

Animals ci?

Duk abin da yake juna. Flora ba tare da fauna da fauna ba zai iya zama ba tare da Flora. Saboda da sparse ciyayi ke fama da nau'in abun da ke ciki na dabba duniya. Ko 1000 shekaru da suka wuce, da akwai hadu kawai fox. Wajen karni na 19 a nan a kan tilas Hijira reindeer. Har ila yau, mai kyau mutane da ka kawo wa tsibirin-type mice, hakori, berayen da mink.

Tare da tsuntsãye Masarauta mafi alhẽri. Su ne a nan game da 80 jinsin. Daga cikin su akwai saba mana Swans, ducks da geese. Af, mafi m baƙo a cikin tafkin ne kifi a cikin kogi, amma ba za ka iya kama kifi. Idan muka je bakin teku zone, za ka iya ko da samun kamar wata like da kuma kifi Whale jinsunan. Amma a ciyar yankunan da sanaki game da 66 jinsunan kifaye, wasu daga waxanda suke da muhimmanci fitarwa kasashen: halibut, teku bass, cod da jatan lande.

mafi kifi

Yankin Iceland da ta bakin teku zones shibtarsu da babban fitarwa samfurin. Hakika, kama kifi da kuma aiki, ba kawai ya ba da ƙarin albashi ga yawan jama'a, amma kuma sanya tsibirin daya daga cikin manyan exporters. Godiya kamun kifi 12% na Iceland ta yawan aka aiki a cikin wannan masana'antu. Kuma da samfurin ne 70% na fitar dashi samfurin.

Popular kifi daga watan Janairu zuwa Mayu ne cod, herring kama mafi gasar. Saboda gaskiya cewa Arewa Atlantic shan wahala daga kasawa da irin wannan kifi, akwai wani bukatar capelin da saithe.

Reykjavik ya zama wani wuri inda kafa aiki cod. Amma herring tsunduma Siglyufordyur. Ga shi aka sarrafa a cikin kifi mai da kuma ci abinci. A karshen karni na karshe, Iceland da matsaloli tare da kamawa Whales, kuma ta amince da su da moratorium. Amma daga baya gwamnatin yarda matsakaiciya whaling.

Abin da saya da kuma sayar da?

Zauna da ninkaya, kowace kasa kamata fitarwa kaya wanda shi yana da yawa. Saboda haka, kashi 70% na fitarwa, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi ne mai kifi. Sauran kashi - ne kayayyakin da aikin noma da kuma wasu ma'adanai. The main "abokan ciniki" na jihar za a iya daukarsa a matsayin Jamus da Ingila. Koma zuwa Iceland Netherlands, USA, Spain da sauransu.

Amma kamar yadda shigo da kayayyakin a tsibirin kawo kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin, wasu kayayyakin abinci, mafi sau da yawa da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kazalika da Textiles. A wannan shugabanci, "garin kankara kasar" da aka hada kai da Amurka da kuma Jamus.

ban sha'awa facts

Ko da yake, abin da yanki na Iceland, kasar ne sun fi mayar da mai rikodin. Reykjavik - mafi northerly babban birnin kasar a cikin duniya. Kanta Iceland - shi ne mafi girma a tsibirin, an haife godiya ga volcanoes.

A kasar akwai 'yan zakarun, misali, Hekla (aman wuta) da kuma Vatnaokul (gleiser) - wannan shi ne babbar halitta shafukan a Turai. Wannan na iya kuma sun hada da Icelandic waterfall ciwon tsawo na 40 mita da nisa mita 100, shi yana daga cikin Turai "ruwa cascades" mafi iko.

Ban sha'awa labarin, da kuma da sunayen Icelanders. Su ne mazaunan tsibirin yi ba. A haihuwa, da yaro da aka bai wa sunan, da kuma sunan da aka kara Chuck ko matronym. Idan uba sunan ne m, ɗan da sunan zai zama Grimsson (dan m), kamar yadda a cikin al'amarin tare da shugaban kasar Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. Idan wani yarinya da aka haife ta sunan zai sauti Grimdottir (ya Grima).

Amma a wata kasa akwai waɗanda aka bai wa sunan su sa'an nan 10%. Yawancin lokaci, waɗanda suka koma daga wani jiha. Ganin dokokin, su sunan da ke daga iyaye zuwa 'ya'ya. Daga cikin wadannan mutane za ka iya saduwa da kuma Icelanders, wanda ya karbi sunan on doka filaye.

A cikin karni na ƙarshe, Iceland ya zama wani ɓangare na zuwa Turai, Yankin Tattalin Arziki. Amma, a 2015, ya ƙi shiga kungiyar kasashen Turai.

A fannin Iceland a Turai kawai daukan 17 th wuri. Wannan hujja stunned nahiyar, bayan Yuro 2016, Iceland ya iya hawa zuwa quarterfinals, kuma duk da yankunan da lissafi na masu na gasar a kasar Faransa, shi ne girman kai don kare mutuncin kananan kasar da kuma kananan.

Yawon bude ido a kan wani rubutu

Yankin Iceland da kuma ta wurin haifar da rashin zaman lafiya a cikin sauyin yanayi da kuma bayyana dokoki a jihar.

Idan ka shawarta zaka tafi a kan tafiya zuwa bincika yankin, samun shirye domin abin da zai yi aiki tare da m weather. Shi ne cewa snow bai yi ba tukuna saukar a watan Mayu, yayin Disamba iya rike narke. Idan mazaunan ƙasar zo sharuddan da abutment, da yawon shakatawa da shi iya juya cũta. Saboda haka, to Iceland ka bukatar shirya sosai.

Idan ba ka da lokaci zuwa shirya ka dare, kasar na da musamman sanye take alfarwa site inda alfarwa tare da mafarki zai kudin ka $ 2-3 da dare. Idan ka zabi wani haramta wuri ko yanke shawara su ci gaba da dumi tare da taimakon da wuta, za a shirya wa nauyi tara.

Sa'an nan kuma ka iya samun matsaloli tare da datti. A haukan na yawon bude ido ya dogara da kasar. Ba dukkan Amurka don tsananin saka idanu da m tituna, don haka mutane suna tahowa daga irin wannan wurare sau da yawa manta da cewa su ne a jam'iyyar. Iceland ne sosai m ba kawai ga waɗanda suka zuriyar dabbobi tituna, amma kuma ga waɗanda suka yanke itatuwa da kuma keta rassan. Haka kuma an haramta kifi, idan jihar ba ba ku da izinin yin haka.

Road tafiya ma kai ga matsala idan ka shawarta zaka kashe hanya zuwa wani wuri, wanda aka kuma haramta a tsibirin.

A CIS kasashe kullum ba su da sifirin kai tsaye zuwa Reykjavik. Saboda haka, mafi m, za ka yi ta farko samu zuwa babban birnin kasar na Denmark, Sweden, Norway, ko Finland, kuma daga can tashi zuwa Iceland zai zama da sauki. A tikitin farashin zai iya bambanta dangane da darajar musayar kudi, amma talakawan ne $ 1,000 per tafiya da dawowa.