Nau'in na shinkafa da su yi amfani da a dafa abinci

Saracen masara (daya daga cikin samfurin sunayen, wanda za a tattauna a wannan talifin) ne mafi amfanin gona, horar da mutum. Wasu iri shinkafa a kasashe da dama a duniya sun dade da aka yi amfani da shirya dadi jita-jita (da farko, na biyu da na uku har) a cikin kasa abinci: plov, porridge, miya, yanã shã. Tun zamanin da, yin amfani da shi domin dafa haske da karfi sayar da giya. Kusan duk irin shinkafa da dama kaddarorin da amfani ga jikin mutum, kyale mutane su amince riƙe ta abinci. Kuma iri-iri na jita-jita da cewa sun hada da wannan samfurin a cikin kitchens na duniya mutane - tantama attests ga wannan da ya tabbatar da wannan hujja.

rarrabuwa

Abin da iri shinkafa mafi yadu? Bari mu juya zuwa ainihin sciences, wanda gaya mana cewa irin wannan hatsi samu ga duk lokacin da ya karni namo daruruwan. A kimiyance o 20 nau'o'in shinkafa gabatar sunayen, amma akwai fiye da 150 iri da kuma ta dan kadan kasa da 8 tysyach agronomic cultivars. Yadda iya rarraba dukan adadi ga fahimtar misali na da bambancin?

Yadda za a bambanta

Figure m rarrabe launi, bisa ga tsawon na hatsi, da hanyar da aiki, wanda shi ya halartar. Bugu da ƙari, wannan iri-iri shinkafa iya samun dangane da daban-daban dandani, da launuka, dadin dandano, da sinadirai Properties. Kuma a cikin launuka na shinkafa ta gabatar ba kawai fari tabarau. Shi ne kuma ja, da shunayya, baki, yellow shinkafa.

Tare da tsawon na hatsi

Yadda yawa iri shinkafa, akwai, bisa ga rarrabuwa da tsawon hatsi? By da girman da hatsi da shinkafa, da siffar da kuma tsawon na da dadi ganye za a iya raba uku manyan kungiyoyin. Zagaye (wanda kuma aka sani a matsayin Zagaye ko korotkozernym) srednezerny da kuma dogon-hatsi da shinkafa. Nau'in da kaddarorin daga gare su a cikin wancan, kuma suka sãɓã wa jũna. Ka yi la'akari da oda.

tsawon hatsi

Wannan irin shinkafa ne saba wa duk, mai yiwuwa ne tun suna yara. Kernels ta bakin ciki, elongated, wani lokacin kai har zuwa wani santimita a tsawon. By launi muna amfani da ganin su m, launin ruwan kasa, ko whitish. Lokacin da dafa shi (yawanci dafa shi), sun ayan sha da mafi ƙarancin adadin ruwa, sakamakon ba batun tarewa da na dafa abinci, da cewa an samu a cikin fitarwa fumfuna. Idan muka magana game da irin shinkafa, da kuma yin amfani da dafa abinci, wannan wakili a cikin kitchen zahiri amfani sosai rayayye. Long ciyawa dauki ga salads, soups da stews, daban-daban appetizers, gefe yi jita-jita don nama jita-jita. Shi ne m kusan a duk faɗin duniya: a Gabas, a Turai, a Amurka, a Australia. Its main bayãnin hukuncin fasalin - taurin da friability. An dauke da mafi ingancin dafuwa da kuma amfani da yawa iri dafa abinci.

Average hatsi

Taso hatsi tsawon 6 millimeters. Su ne kasa m. A srednezernom ƙara sitaci abun ciki. Saboda haka, hatsi garwaya da more ruwa a lokacin dafa abinci, da kuma fitarwa - m amma ba ma gam. A launi, yawanci fararen ko ruwan kasa. Srednezernye shinkafa iri ne mai girma a gare soups da porridges. Wadannan iri da iri shinkafa da su yi amfani da a dafa abinci: Paella (Bahia iri-iri), domin shiri na Italian risotto (Arborio ko Carnaroli iri-iri). Dandana Turai chefs bayar da shawarar su dan kadan undercooked, don samun wani karin fumfuna da kuma dadi sakamakon da kyau siffar. Wadannan shinkafa iri girma a nahiyar Amirka da kuma Asia, Turai da kuma Australia - ko'ina.

zagaye hatsi

hatsi hatsi ne kusan zagaye siffar. A size su ne kasa da takwarorinsu: har zuwa 5 mm a tsawon. Kusan opaque, whitish launi. Zagaye daidai gam (inda mafi girma abun ciki na starchy abubuwa), don haka wadannan iri da iri sushi shinkafa - wani manufa zaɓi. Saboda wannan dalili, Zagaye bayar da shawarar da ba wa yara. Wannan adadi ne da dace domin shiri na shinkafa porridge. Ko da a cikin sau da Tarayyar Soviet (da kuma yanzu a da yawa CIS kasashe) a preschools shi ne kullum kunshe a cikin menu. Idan ka dogon dafa zagaye hatsi da shinkafa, da shi garwaya da matsakaicin adadin ruwa Boiled taushi da kuma zama reminiscent na cream. A Ingila, daga irin wannan shinkafa dafa duk wani nau'i na desserts da puddings. Zagaye kamar iri-iri a Japan. Akwai al'ada zagaye iri amfani domin yin saboda - shinkafa intoxicating sha.

Nau'in na aiki shinkafa

Amma Hanyar sarrafa shinkafa za a iya classified a matsayin unpolished (wanda kuma ake kira ruwan kasa), goge (fari) da kuma steamed (m). Wadannan iri shinkafa da su yi amfani da bambanta. Gaya mana a takaice game da kowane daga cikinsu.

unpolished

Wannan dukan hatsi da shinkafa. Yana da aka bi da quite m. Duk da yake rike da harsashi na bran, wanda kara a kan sauran lokatai. Yana yana da wani ruwan kasa launi sikelin da lightest inuwõyinta suna kusa, nutty dandano (saboda da hagu harsashi), wani pronounced dandano da richness na iyawa. A sakamakon haka, da mafi ƙarancin aiki adana yawa na gina jiki: bitamin, ma'adanai, fiber dauke a cikin kwasfa daga hatsi. A bisa ga al'ada, saboda haka, launin ruwan kasa shinkafa yana dauke da mafi amfani ga ɗan adam amfani. Daga cikin magani Properties: ikon ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi, beneficially shafi na ayyuka na kwakwalwa, da inganta narkewa. A dafa abinci daukan yawa fiye da lokacin da: yawanci brewed zuwa arba'in minti, amma duk wannan ba ya fada baya da kuma rike friability. Its kawai drawback - low shiryayye rai. Saboda haka, dafa ruwan kasa shinkafa yana da shawarar a nan da nan amfani a abinci. Kuma shi ne yawanci yi daga wannan jita-jita a matsayin fari.

goge

Ko duk abin da ya saba farar shinkafa. Wannan ne ya fi kowa hatsi a duniya. An samu ta hanyar nika hatsi, wanda aka cire a lokacin da harsashi - bran. Hatsi da zama rovnenkie, Gorny, da farin launi, dan kadan m. Iya, ba zato ba tsammani, a wani siffar: zagaye, dogon (ga baya rarrabuwa) da kuma zama na daban-daban agronomic cultivars. Saboda haka, nau'i na farar shinkafa (as, lalle ne, da kuma ruwan kasa), - wani aiki hanya. By misalin da sprats, misali, wanda ba su da irin kifi, amma kawai ta hanyar shirye-shiryen. Hatsi farar shinkafa dafa kawai goma ko goma sha biyar minti a mafi. Sun gabatar da wani yawa na starchy abubuwa (har zuwa kashi 70 cikin dari na harka), amma, daidai da, bai isa ba m bitamin da kuma ma'adanai da ma'adanai da cewa an cire tare da bran lokacin da zurfi aiki na hatsi. Hakika, da akwai ci gaba da kasance yawa Goodies, amma, a hakika, farar shinkafa - mai ladabi samfurin (similar to, misali, ladabi sugar). Ko da yake wannan ne mafi used samfurin a cikin kitchens. Yana yana da dogon shiryayye rayuwa da kuma janyo hankalin wani "m" price, don haka, mai yiwuwa, kuma ya lashe wannan shahararsa a tsakanin yawan jama'a. An yi farar shinkafa da kuma shirya don mai girma iri-iri na jita-jita, da saba a gida dafa abinci, daga hatsi ga zaki pilaf tare da 'ya'yan itace dried.

steamed

Don haka ya kira shinkafa, da na karshe dace handling kuma samu zinariya da translucent launi. A farkon hatsi wanka, sa'an nan vysachivayut a ruwan zafi, bayan hõre tururi magani. Kuma kawai sai sun bushe, hõre nika da Bleach. Tururi magani kamar yadda shi daukawa gina jiki a cikin hatsi. Sai dai itace cewa da parboiled shinkafa zama su halaye kamar amfani da launin ruwan kasa, raw. Uncooked shinkafa, yawanci yana da amber launi. Amma bayan dafa abinci, wannan sakamako vuya da kuma shinkafa zama cikin saba fari bayyanar. Dafa shi fiye da farar shinkafa - game 20-25 minti. Hatsi da ba tsaya tare, da dadi ya yi fumfuna. A halin yanzu, ke dafa irin wannan ne samun shahararsa kamar yadda retains a kanta, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da fari, mai yawa da amfani abubuwa.

daji shinkafa

Irin daji shinkafa (ko kuma wajen, ta subspecies) da aka sani a cikin yawan hudu. Bugu da ƙari, uku daga cikinsu - zo daga Arewacin Amirka, yayin da na huɗu - a 'yan qasar na kasar Sin. An dade an yi amfani da matsayin abinci da Indians, kuma a zamanin da kasar Sin, shi ma aka yi yadu rarraba, amma daga baya aka share ta saba shinkafa. Yanzu daji shinkafa (4 jinsunan) horar kawai a arewacin Amurka da kuma China, sabili da haka ba cheap. Yana yana da wani nutty ƙanshi haske, dan kadan zaki da dandano. Very amfani: arziki a cikin ma'adanai, sunadarai da kuma bitamin. Hatsi - launin ruwan kasa, ko baki inuwõyinta suna kusa, m kuma m. Brewed na dogon lokaci: up zuwa arba'in minti. Yawanci, shi ne amfani da hadawa da sauran iri shinkafa. A cikin sharuddan darajar (da shinkafa) jinsunan / kalori, shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci daga cikin dukan sauran mutane. An dauke da wani samfuri na halitta daidaita, kuma haka shawarar don amfani da nutritionists da kuma umurni ne dace abinci mai gina jiki.

popular iri

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da irin hatsi - wata babbar adadin. Amma bisa ga al'ada ƙidaya daga Elite: basmati, Camolino, Jasmine, arborio, daji.

Basmati ko "Thai" - dogon-hatsi da shinkafa, da gane ta kasa da kasa Sarkin shinkafa iri. Ya na da mafi tsawo hatsi a duniya. Suna iya isa a lokacin dafa zuwa 2 santimita. An horar da a Indiya da kuma Pakistan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan - a Amurka.

Jasmine - fari dogon-hatsi da shinkafa. E fumfuna taushi, tare da mai kyau madara dandano. Horar da a cikin kasashen na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Great don dafa abinci na Gabas.

A Italiya, Arborio an girma daga wanda aka gargajiyance shirya Italiyanci da kuma Spanish jita-jita. Kuma a Japan - musamman glutinous shinkafa domin sushi.

pilaf

Nau'in na shinkafa pilaf, wanda za a iya amfani da a cikin shirye-shiryen da mafi m abinci a cikin post iya zama daban-daban. Gogaggen ke dafa rika dauka da daya, da yake kalla slipnetsya a lokacin aiki. Bayan duk, don mai kyau pilaf bukatar irin wannan fasali kamar friability. Saboda haka ya dace da kuma tsawon hatsi da kuma ruwan kasa da kuma parboiled. Amma Zagaye kuma srednezerny ƙasa ba da shawarar ya dauki: hadarin maimakon dadi jita-jita don samun shinkafa porridge tare da nama.