"Stealth" fasahar. A jirgin sama F-117A, C-37 "Golden Eagle" da kuma sauran

Rasha ya dade da aka fafitikar da United States ga fifiko a cikin halittar jirgin saman soja ashirin-arni na farko, da hada da halaye na mai supersonic supermanevrennoy fama abin hawa da kuma "Stealth" fasahar. Jirgin wanda yana da irin wannan halaye, ya kamata ba overreach radar da infrared hanyar kallo. A yi da wannan, a nan gaba jirgin saman soja ba kawai iya cika fuska inganta ingancinsu na kasa iska sojojin, amma kuma samar da wani iko da shawara a cikin gasar a duniya makamai kasuwar.

Har sosai kwanan nan, cikin manyan zane ofisoshin da kuma jirgin sama masana'antun ba shi yiwuwa mu hada a daya mota iska fama da irin wannan sabanin halaye a cikin fasaha al'amari. Haka kuma, Rasha zauna mafi yawa a cikin rawar da kama-up. Hadawa duk wadannan halaye, "Stealth" fasahar gina jirgin sama dole ne ya zama wata babbar trump katin tafiyad da daban-daban geopolitical al'amurran da suka shafi.

Alal misali, Mig-29 da aka ɓullo da wani isasshen mayar da martani ga halittar American F-18 jirgin saman soja, da kuma Su-27 ya mai irin counterweight F-15. Kuma ko da yake duk wadannan model a lokacin sun kasance real nasara da kuma wata babbar ci gaba a fagen jirgin sama, ta zamani, koyaswar bukatar ci gaban da tushen sabon jirgin saman soja, hada kyau kwarai yi halaye da fasahar "Stealth". A jirgin sama, gina wanda dogara ne a kan irin wannan ra'ayi, ya kamata ba wai kawai ya kasance akwai radars, amma kuma mallaki halaye na multipurpose supersonic maneuverability da kuma fama abin hawa.

American jirgin sama ganuwa "Stealth» F-117 da aka ba su iya kawo su zanen kaya da ake so manufa. Wannan inji yana da matukar fadin jirgin yi kuma ba zai iya shiga cikin babbar iska fadace-fadace. United States Air Force su ciyar babbar kasafin kudin kudi ga ci gaban da gaske tasiri da ganuwa zuwa radar winged predator. Duk da haka, kusa da ganin wannan aiki, sun kasance iya kawai a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1997, lokacin da muka fara gwaji na F-22 "Raptor".

Amma wannan lokaci da American jirgin sama masana'antun iya ba ƙidaya a kan mika wuyansu primacy. Tun da Sukhoi fara gudu gwaji inji S-37 "Berkut" kawai makonni biyu bayan da fafatawa a gasa. A cewar iko kimomi da soja masana, da Rasha jirgin saman soja vastly m "Raptor", yafi saboda da musamman gaba-share reshe. Duk wannan ya kawo gasar na aikin injiniya da kuma fasaha na wani sabon zagaye na adawa.

Bayan kammala aiki to, ku kãmã Iraqi filayen man fetur, ambitiously mai suna "Desert Storm", US soja da jami'an tirelessly yaba ta F-117A jirgin sama kamfanin "Lockheed". Wadannan "black fatalwa" ya sanya da dama yankunan da hare-hare a kan birnin Bagadaza, Iraqi iska defenses iya ba ko da ka ga a kan fuska da su radars. Wannan jirgin sama "Stealth", wanda ya nuna hoto cikakken lissafi na mota, ya rungumi talatin da shekara kokarin da American injiniyoyi wajen samar da wannan fasaha.

Back a 1962 da kamfanin "Lockheed" yunkurin kirkiro stealth jirgin sama A-12. Da farko, wadannan yunkurin ba bada ake so sakamakon. Za ka iya har yanzu tuna da "stealth" da jirgin sama, sanannen m bincike na lokaci da SR-71, samu da sunan barkwanci "Black Bird" saboda launi m zuwa na musamman shafi cewa garwaya da igiyoyin rediyo. A farkon 1970s, tare da m ci gaba da kwamfuta fasaha da kuma shirye-shirye da jirgin ya bayyana yiwuwar kwamfuta tallan kayan kawa. Tun da na'ura da aka tsara, wanda yana da mafi ƙarancin radiozametnost. Tuni a shekarar 1975, kamfanin "Lockheed" designers, Mun halitta na farko samfur stealth jirgin sama. A cikin hunturu 1977, da farko ya tashi a kan abin hawa fama da sabon ƙarni F-117A, shekara shida kuma daga baya ta soma wani Amurka Air Force.

Karfafawa bisa wannan nasarar da Pentagon izini kamfanin "Northrop" ci gaba da wannan fasahar wani sabon dabarun m, invulnerable zuwa maƙiyi iska defenses. Operation, wanda dade shekaru tara, kammala gina na'ura, code nadi B-2. Idan ka ƙirƙiri dukkan su "ganuwa" Amirkawa ji dadin ba dan hanya da fasaha, kamar yadda akwai mai yawa tsayi tãtsũniyõyin, kuma a ka'idar raya mu compatriots.

Don sha igiyoyin rediyo, suka yi amfani da wani musamman shafi cikin ferromagnetic jiki. Bugu da kari, da Amirkawa koma ga wani iri-iri na ƙarin tweaks. Alal misali, a cikin na'ura kusan duk abubuwa da aka yi da wadanda ba na nuna radiation kumshin kayan kamar carbon fiber. All injuna da aka sanye take da amo-suppressing inuwõyi kuma tilasta sanyaya tsarin, wanda rage tsanani da infrared watsi. Kuma da yawa daga abin da aka yi amfani da Amurka "stealth".

Amma a nan akwai wani m tambaya game da tasiri na wadannan na'urorin. Kuma dai itace cewa da kudi mai yawa (biliyoyin daloli!) Kuka da kansa. Da farko, wadannan inji kasance haka capricious a aiki da shirya su domin jirgin ne kawai zai iya zama a tushe Airfield. Har ila yau a hanya ya juya daga cewa da zaran "Stealth" shi ne rigar, shi zai fara zuwa ya bayyana a fili a kan radar allo, kamar Invisible Man daga cikin shahararrun labari da HG Wells. Zai yiwu shi ne domin wannan dalilin cewa a lokacin yaki, a {asar Yugoslavia, F-117A aka harbe sauka a daya daga cikin na farko manufa.

Amma daga karshe dobilo binciken da American masana kimiyya da kuma jirgin sama masana'antun a filin daga da sabuwar dabara, sanya a Rasha, inda wani tushen sabon fasaha domin samar da radionevidimosti aka ɓullo. Kusa da jirgin sama generated da musamman jini girgije, don haka iskar mamaye electromagnetic taguwar ruwa, ganuwa na na'ura a kan radar allo an rage ta fiye da sau ɗari.