Nitrogen matauni taro

Nitrogen da dangantaka da 15th kungiyar (da haihuwa rarrabuwa - zuwa babban subgroup na biyar kungiyar) da 2nd lokaci a 7 atomic lamba a cikin lokaci-lokaci System of Abubuwa, kuma aka alama tare da nitrogen N. matauni taro ne 14 kg / mol.

Nitrogen a matsayin mai sauki abu ne a karkashin al'ada yanayi mai dihydric inert gas ba da ciwon wani launi, babu dandano, babu wari. Wannan gas kunshi jera Duniya ta yanayi. A kwayoyin nauyi na nitrogen ne daidai 28. Kalmar "nitrogen" a Girkanci nufin "m".

A yanayi, da gas kwayoyin an hada da barga isotopes, a cikin abin da matauni taro na nitrogen ne 14kg / mol (99.635%) da kuma 15 kg / mol (0.365%). Waje cikin yanayin duniya aka same shi a cikin abun da ke ciki na gaseous nebulae, a cikin hasken rana yanayi, interstellar sarari a kan taurari Neptune, Uranus, da sauransu. Shi ne na hudu a cikin hasken rana tsarin yada bayan da abubuwa kamar hydrogen, helium, oxygen. Artificially samar rediyoaktif isotopes, a cikin abin da matauni taro na nitrogen - daga 10 kg / mol kuma har zuwa 13kg / mol, kuma daga 16 kg / mol zuwa 25 kg / mol. Su duk kasance a cikin gajeren-rayu abubuwa. A mafi barga na isotopes a cikin abin da matauni taro na nitrogen ne 13kg / mol, yana da minti goma rabin-rai.

A nazarin halittu rawar da wannan gas ne babbar, domin shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa daga wanda nucleic acid suna kara da cewa, sunadarai, nucleoproteins, chlorophyll, haemoglobin, da kuma sauran muhimman abubuwa. Dukansu barga isotope da nitrogen, da kuma matauni taro ne 14kg / mol da 15 kg / mole da hannu a nitrogen metabolism. Saboda wannan dalili, wani babban adadin gyarawa nitrogen žunshi masu rai, "matattu" kwayoyin da particulate al'amari na tekuna da ruwaye. Kuma m, a sakamakon bazuwar da kuma putrefaction tafiyar matakai kwayoyin nitrogen-dauke, nitrogen-dauke da kwayoyin adibas aka kafa kamar, msl, nitrate.

Nitrogen daga cikin yanayi ne iya daura da kuma juya shi a cikin digestible nau'i, misali, ammonium mahadi, game da 160 jinsunan kwayoyin, yafi kunshi a dankantakar halitta da hakan shuke-shuke, da samar da su tare da nitrogen taki, da kuma kara tare da abinci sarkar samun to herbivores da kuma dabbobi masu cin nama.

Karkashin awon yanayi, nitrogen da aka samu ta hanyar maida martani ammonium nitrite bazuwar. A sakamakon haka ne a cakuda gas da ammonia, oxygen da kuma nitrogen oxide (I). Its tsarkakewa samar da wucewa da sakamakon cakuda ta farko sulfuric acid bayani, sa'an nan baƙin ƙarfe sulfate (II), sa'an nan a kan zafi tagulla. Wata hanyar samun shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kunshi wucewa a kan jan oxide (II) ammonia, a zazzabi na game da 700 digiri Celsius.

A cikin masana'antu sikelin nitrogen samu ta hanyar wucewa da iska a kan zafi coke, amma babu tsarki samfurin kafa, da kuma sake cakuda, amma tare da daraja gas da carbon dioxide, da ake kira "iska" ko "regenerative" gas. Yana da wani albarkatun kasa domin sinadaran kira da kuma man fetur. Har ila yau, daga cikin "janareta" nitrogen gas iya dawo dasu, domin wannan sha aka gudanar da carbon monoxide. Na biyu Hanyar samar da nitrogen a cikin masana'antun - fractional barasan na ruwa iska.

Akwai ma dabaru irin gas rabuwa membrane da adsorption. Yanayin aiki na atomic nitrogen, shi ne yafi aiki fiye da kwayoyin, iya, misali, zuwa amsa karkashin al'ada yanayi tare da phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, karfe. Nitrogen mahadi ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin masana'antar suna yin takin, nakiyoyi, magunguna, dyes da sauransu. A petrochemical masana'antu shi ne tsarkake Lines, duba da aikin a karkashin matsin. A karafa hadaddun tare da taimakon haifar a cikin mine fashewa-hujja yanayi, yadda nake alfaharin fa su dutsen tsarin. A lantarki da suka ƙaho majalisai, a cikin abin da ba daidai ba wata 'yar alamar hadawan abu da iskar shaka ta oxygen dauke a cikin iska.