Nikolay Gumilev: biography. Creativity, shekaru na rayuwa, photos

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich aka haife shi a 1886 a Kronstadt. Mahaifinsa sojan ruwa likita. All yara Nikolai Gumilyov, wani photo da za a gabatar a kasa, da aka gudanar a Tsarskoye Selo. Ya fara karatu a makarantun gwamnati na St. Petersburg da kuma Tiflis. Da farko waqe mawãƙi Gumilev Nikolay rubuta a cikin shekara goma sha biyu. Domin da farko lokacin da aikinsa da aka buga a cikin edition na "Tiflis takardar" sa'ad da yake shekaru 16 da haihuwa.

Nikolai Gumilyov. biography

Da kaka na 1903 da iyali koma zuwa Tsarskoye Selo. Akwai nan gaba mawãƙi kammala horo a makaranta, wanda darektan ya Ann. A sauyi a rayuwar Koli zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga ayyukan Symbolists da falsafar Nietzsche. Har ila yau a 1903 a nan gaba mawãƙi gana a yar makaranta Gorenko (daga baya Akhmatova). Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov, biography wanda shi ne sosai cike da abubuwan dake faruwa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya tafi zuwa Paris. A Faransa, da ya halarci laccoci da kuma gana da wakilan da wallafe-wallafen da m milieu.

Rayuwa bayan ƙarshen dakin motsa jiki

Tarin "The Way conquistadores" ya zama na farko da bugu taro, wanda saki Gumilev Nikolay. A mawãƙi a farkon matakai ne, a wasu hanya, "wani tarin farkon abubuwan," wanda, duk da haka, ya riga ya samu kansa irin murya, gano siffar wani jarumi, lyrical, LonE nasara. Da yake daga baya a Faransa, ya aka yunƙurin en, "Shi'ira" mujallar. The dakuna (na farko uku), da mawãƙi aka buga a karkashin sunan Anatoly Grant da kuma karkashin sunan kansa - Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography of mawãƙi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ne na musamman sha'awa. Ba dole ne a ce cewa, yayin da a Paris, ya aika rubutu a daban-daban bugu: "Rus" jarida, "asuba", "Balance" mujallar.

balagagge lokaci

A 1908 ya saki ta biyu tarin, da ayyukan da suke duqufar Gorenko ( "Romantic Shayari"). Tun da shi ya fara, da kuma balagagge lokaci a cikin mawãƙi ne. Bruce, ya yaba da farko littafin marubucin ya bayyana, ba ba tare da jin dadi, zan kasance ba kuskure a cikin kintace. "Romantic Shayari" ya zama karin sha'awar a form, kyau da kuma m. By bazara na 1908 Gumilev koma kasarsa. A Rasha, ya samun Masana wakilan da wallafe-wallafen duniya na St. Petersburg, akai zargi fara bayyana a cikin jaridar edition na "Jawabin". Daga baya, shi ma Gumilyov fara buga da ayyukansu.

Bayan da tafiya zuwa Gabas

Ziyarar farko a Misira ya faru a kaka 1908. Bayan haka, Gumilev sa suna a cikin Attaura Faculty of Jami'ar a babban birnin kasar, da kuma daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa Tarihi da kuma Philology. Daga 1909 ya fara aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin masu shirya na "Apollo" mujallar. A wannan edition har 1917. Yana zai saboda haka za a buga fassarorin da waqe-waqe, kazalika da wa daya daga cikin ginshikan. Bright isasshen Gumilyov a sake dubawa haskaka wallafe-wallafen tsari na farko shekaru goma na 20th karni. A marigayi 1909 ya bar for 'yan watanni a Abisiniya, da kuma bayan ya dawo daga can da aka buga littafin "Pearl".

Rayuwa tun 1911

"Shop Poets" a cikin kaka na 1911 da aka kafa, wanda ya bayyana da kansa mulkin kai daga symbolism don ƙirƙirar ya ado shirin. "Na ɓataccen ɗa" ENU dauke da farko Acmeist waka. Yana da aka hada a wani tarin 1912 "Dan Hanya Sky". By lokacin da marubuci An riga an daidaita suna "Syndic", "Master", daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci na zamani kasida. A 1913 Gumilev tafi rabin shekara a Afirka. A farkon farko World Mawãƙi da yardar ransa ga gaban. A 1915, da "Notes cavalryman" da aka buga, a tarin "kwarinka". A daidai wannan lokacin, da aka buga ya buga ayyukansu "Gondla", "Child na Allah". Duk da haka, ya m hasken dake fitowa nan da sannu zã ta auku, kuma a mai zaman kansa wasika, ya yarda da cewa ga shi, art ne sama da Afirka, da kuma yaki. A 1918 Gumilev kai ta aika a matsayin wani ɓangare na Hussars a expeditionary karfi, amma tsaya a London da Paris kafin spring. Back a cikin wannan shekara a Rasha, marubucin ya fara aiki a matsayin mai fassara, shirya da almara na Gilgamesh, da waqoqi da Turanci da kuma Faransanci kasida na "World Wallafe-wallafe". A littafin "al'amudin wuta" shi ne na karshe wanda ya saki Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography of mawãƙi ƙare tare da kama da kuma kisa a 1921.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin ayyukan

Gumilyov shiga cikin Soviet adabi kamar yadda wani almajiri symbolist mawãƙi Valery Bryusov. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa gaskiya malaminsa ya Innokentiy Annensky. Wannan mawãƙi ya, Inter Alia, da darektan daya daga cikin manyan makarantu (a Tsarskoye Selo), a cikin abin da ya yi karatu Gumilyov. Babban taken ayyukansa ya da ra'ayin namiji rinjaya. Hero Gumilyov - karfi-so, jarumi. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, shi da shayari zama kasa m. A wannan yanayin, marubucin so ga sabon abu da kuma karfi hali ya zauna. Gumilev yi imani da cewa irin wadannan mutane ba su nufi ga talakawa, rayuwar yau da kullum. Kuma ya sami kansa a cikin wannan. Popular mai yawa, kuma sau da yawa tunanin game da kansa mutuwa, marubucin ko da yaushe buga shi a cikin wani sarari na heroism:

Kuma ina ba za su mutu a gado
Lokacin da notary da kuma likita,
Kuma a cikin wasu daji rata,
Nutsar da su cikin farin ciki aiwi.

Soyayya da kuma falsafa a baya ayoyi

Popular mai yawa daga cikin ayyukansa Gumilev ya kebe ji. Halinsa a cikin soyayya lyric daukan wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban look. Ta na iya zama wani gimbiya daga hikaya, almara lover shahara Dante dama Masar sarauniya. A raba line wuce, ta hanyar da art waka don Akhmatova. Tare da ta aka hade quite m, rikitarwa dangantaka, kuma ya cancanci nasu mãkirci da labari ( "Ta", "Daga den Zmiyov", "Tamer Animals" da sauransu.). Late Gumilyov ta shayari nuna marubucin predilection ga falsafa batutuwa. A wannan lokacin, da rayuwa a cikin tsanani, kuma yunwa Petrograd, da mawãƙi ya aiki a kan halittar Studios ga matasa artists, kamar yadda a gare su a irin gunki da kuma malami. A wannan lokacin, daga alkalami na Gumilyov fitar da wasu daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukansu, cike da muhawara game da makomar Rasha, mutum rayuwa, manufa ( "Lost tram", "The Shida Sense", "Memory", "My masu karatu," da dai sauransu).